Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A zein gene (Z4) promoter containing 886 bp upstream from the transcription start site has been shown previously to be active specifically in the endosperm of transgenic tobacco seeds. To investigate the region required for this tissue-specific activity, deletions of the Z4 promoter were constructed and placed upstream of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. When these deletions were tested in transgenic tobacco plants, seed-specific GUS activity, which reached a peak between 15 and 19 DAP, was observed for promoters extending from -886 to -174. Interestingly, the 174 bp promoter lacked the complete 15 bp consensus sequence found in the same position in all zein genes so far sequenced. With the next shorter promoter in the deletion series (79 bp), which just included the CAAT and TATA elements, negligible GUS activity was observed in seeds. The results demonstrated that 174 bp upstream of the transcription start site are sufficient for tissue-specific and temporally regulated activity of the Z4 promoter in tobacco. At most, two-fold enhanced activity was observed with additional 5' sequences up to -886.
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PMID:Deletion analysis of a zein gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. 210 18

The cytochemical reactions of 5 acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase (AP), beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosaminidase and dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) were investigated in lymphocytes from 30 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). Based on ANAE and AP reactivities, 4 cytochemically distinctive subgroups were identified: Group 1: AP and ANAE less than 50% positive lymphocytes (5 cases); Group 2: AP greater than 50%, ANAE less than 50% positive lymphocytes (11 cases); Group 3: AP less than 50%, ANAE greater than 50% positive lymphocytes (7 cases); Group 4: AP and ANAE greater than 50% positive lymphocytes (7 cases). beta-Glucuronidase displayed similar patterns of reactivity to AP. beta-Glucosaminidase activity was observed in the majority of lymphocytes in most patients, whereas DAP IV activity was present in less than 20% of lymphoid cells. The study failed to establish any relationship between cytochemical grouping and patients' clinical status, peripheral lymphocyte counts, E or mouse rosette values, light or heavy chain cellular immunoglobulin (Ig) class. Attempts to correlate acid hydrolase and Ig heavy chain isotype expression, putative markers of B cell maturation, were unsuccessful and indicate that within the narrow spectrum of B cell differentiation seen in B-CLL these characteristics are unrelated.
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PMID:Acid hydrolase activities in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes: correlation of cytochemical reactions with immunological phenotype. 285 52

Cultures of dissociated brain cells from 15-day-old fetal mice were grown in the presence and absence of 20 or 50 nM triiodothyronine (T3), 30 or 300 nM cortisol, and 30 nM cortisol plus 50 nM T3 added to chemically defined media or in media supplemented with 15% serum from control and hypothyroid calves. The specific activities of five lysosomal enzymes--N-acetyl galactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin B, and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I (DAP-I)--were higher in cells grown in calf serum than in cells grown in defined media. Of these enzymes, only DAP-I was elevated in activity when the cells were grown in hypothyroid calf serum instead of control calf serum. Elevation of DAP-I activity was reversed by addition of 20 nM T3 to hypothyroid calf serum. The enzymatic properties of DAP-I were similar whether the cells were grown in control or hypothyroid calf serum and were similar to those reported for human fibroblasts and the purified enzyme. When the cells were grown in defined media, cortisol decreased the activities of all lysosomal enzymes, with 300 nM cortisol being more effective than 30 nM cortisol. Addition of 50 nM T3 to 30 nM cortisol decreased DAP-I activity more than 30 nM cortisol alone, but 50 nM T3 alone in defined media did not alter DAP-I levels. The reduction of DAP-I activity in these cells by T3 required cortisol, unidentified components in serum, or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and angiotensin converting enzyme activities in cultured murine brain cells by cortisol and thyroid hormone. 302 71

The commercial source of fetal bovine serum used to supplement the growth medium of human skin fibroblasts alters the activity of the lysosomal enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-1 (DAP-1). Cells grown with one serum were found to have a threefold higher level of DAP-1 than those grown with serum from another source (P less than 0.001). The effect on DAP-1 activity was specific inasmuch as no differences were found in the activities of a variety of other lysosomal and nonlysosomal hydrolases: DAP-II, DAP-III, DAP-IV, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase. The effect is reversible and is observed over a wide range of cell population doublings. Cell growth kinetics were not significantly different with the different sera.
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PMID:Reversible change in the fibroblast lysosomal enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-1 (cathepsin C) related to the commercial source of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium. 389 18

The 5' upstream region (-680-(+)40) containing the complete signal peptide coding sequence of the rice seed storage prolamine gene was amplified in vitro with polymerase chain reaction from the genome of Chinese super rice cultivar Zhonghua 8. Physical map and DNA sequence analysis showed strong homology with the 5'-flanking region of rice prolamine gene reported by Kim in 1988. No changes in the signal peptide coding sequence and a long leader sequence with several small ORFs were found. Chimeric gene containing 5'-flanking region of the prolamine gene has been transcriptionally fused with the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The fusion junction was confirmed by both physical map and DNA sequence analysis. The resultant chimeric gene was used to transform the tobacco explants by Ti binary system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. With dot and Southern blotting hybridization, three transgenic tobacco plants with the copies of chimeric GUS genes as many as 20 were obtained. Histochemical analysis revealed that the GUS activity in the endosperm tissues of tobacco seeds at the developmental stage was about 20 DAP. No GUS activity was found in leaves, stems, roots and flowers of the transgenic tobacco plants. Therefore, we concluded that the 5'-upstream cis-elements from -680 to -18 were enough to confer the endosperm-specific and temporal expression of rice prolamine gene.
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PMID:5'-flanking region responsible for endosperm-specific expression of rice prolamine chimeric gene in transgenic tobacco. 814 20