Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Morphology, lysosomal enzyme activities, and phagocytosis via immunological receptors were tested in peritoneal macrophages from germfree and conventional mice. Nonstimulated macrophages from germfree mice showed less spreading and were more easily detached when seeded on glass than conventional macrophages. The activities of the lysosomal acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were similar in the two cell groups, whereas beta-glucuronidase showed higher activity in macrophages from germfree mice. F(c) receptor-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes was equally effective in germfree and conventional macrophages, and both cell types attached but did not internalize erythrocytes via the C(3)b receptor. Intraperitoneal injections of mineral oil caused a significantly higher influx of macrophages in conventional mice than in germfree mice, whereas the influx of polymorphonuclear cells was enhanced in both animals. Stimulation in vivo with oil or Escherichia coli endotoxin increased cell size, spreading ability, membrane ruffling, and lysosomal enzyme activities in macrophages from both conventional and germfree mice. The Fc-mediated phagocytosis was not influenced by stimulation, whereas the capacity to internalize via C(3)b receptor was triggered in macrophages from conventional mice, but not in corresponding cells from germfree mice. Similar results were obtained after stimulation with endotoxin in vitro. Culture in fetal calf serum for 72 h caused intracellular rises in all three enzyme activities tested in macrophages from conventional mice, whereas only the activity of acid phosphatase was increased in macrophages from germfree mice. Stimulation with zymosan in vitro caused selective release of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages from both animal groups. We conclude that peritoneal macrophages from germfree mice share several properties with cells from conventional mice, however, unstimulated beta-glucuronidase activity was increased, whereas spreading on glass, chemotactic response, in vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes, and the capacity to internalize via the C(3)b receptor after stimulation were reduced or absent.
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PMID:Comparison of peritoneal macrophages from germfree and conventional mice. 39 29

Measurements of DNA and protein content and determinations of lysosomal enzyme activities (beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D) were performed in the rat liver following partial hepatectomy and spironolactone administration. The rats (SIV) were divided into three age-groups: 6 weeks old, 10 months old and 18 months old. 60 h after the administration of spironolactone (2 x 10 mg Aldactone/100 g body weight/day orally via gastric tube for 3 days) partial hepatectomy was performed. The removed two thirds of the liver and the regenerating liver (24 h after partial hepatectomy) were prepared for the biochemical examinations at 4 degrees C. The measurements of the enzyme activities were performed in liver homogenates. The results indicate that the administration of spironolactone cause (1) a weight increase in the normal as well as in the regenerating liver, especially in the older animals; (2) an increase of the protein content of the normal liver in the oldest age-group; (3) a decrease in the DNA content of the normal and regenerating liver of old rats, and (4) an age-dependent increase of decrease of the three lyososomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosamidase and cathepsin D.
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PMID:Influence of age and spironolactone on lysosomal enzyme activities, DNA and protein content of the rat liver after partial hepatectomy. 42 39

Alkaline phosphatase, LAP, beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D activities and protein content of the kidney homogenate did not show any circadian rhythm in animals sacrificed at different hours of the day. The fluctuations of maltase appear modest and not dependent on a ligh/dark cycle.
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PMID:Circadian activity of rat kidney enzymes. 44 47

Macrophages were obtained by pulmonary lavage from normal rabbits or rabbits that had developed pulmonary granulomas after receiving intravenous BCG vaccine 2-3 weeks earlier. The cells were disrupted in iso-osmotic sucrose and a low-speed supernatant was fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on a linear sucrose density gradient. Three populations of hydrolase-containing granules (putative lysosomes) were found in both normal and BCG-induced macrophages. They were distinguished by their different distributions in the gradient and different sensitivities to disruption by digitonin and were termed:type A, containing lysozyme; type B, containing N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glactosidase, beta-glucuronidase and possibly some lysozyme; type C, containing cathepsin D. Acid phosphatase appeared to be about equally distributed between type B and C granules. Type A and B granules from BCG-induced macrophages showed markedly greater equilibrium density than did those from normal macrophages. Beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase had greater specific activity in the induced cells.
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PMID:Analytical subcellular fractionation of alveolar macrophages from normal and BCG-vaccinated rabbits with particular reference to heterogeneity of hydrolase-containing granules. 45 80

The release of lysosomal enzymes in the gingival crevice was determined among women taking OCs (oral contraceptives) in this longitudinal study. Cellular and enzymatic analyses were performed for up to 12 cycles during the menstruation itself (2 samples) and during the intermenstrual period (2-3 samples). From the washings, PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) were quantitated and epithelial cells were counted. The following enzymes were measured: cathepsin D, elastase, and beta-glucuronidase; 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide was the substrate. PMNs increased in all 5 volunteers during the intermenstrual period (change through 12 cycles, 46,900 during menstruation and 118,000 intermenstrually). The number of epithelial cells/ml also increased significantly during the intermenstrual period (Li0). Total enzyme activities also rose significantly during the intermenstrual period, parallel to the increase in cells in washings of the gingival crevice. Intracellular specific activity of the 3 enzymes was found to be maximum at menstruation and decreased during the intermenstrual period.
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PMID:Female sex hormones and lysosomal stability in gingival polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 49 1

Twenty-two cat hearts were perfused according to Langendorff technique and myocardial regional ischemia was induced by occlusion of left anterior coronary artery. Separation of particulate (bound) from soluble (free) fraction, and subsequent fractionation into plasma membranes, lysosomes, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were performed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. By ischemia for 60 min, particle-bound activity of cathepsin D decreased from 4.2 +/- 0.24 U/mg protein to 3.2 +/- 0.31 U/mg protein (p less than 0.01). Likewise, the particle-bound activity of beta-glucuronidase decreased from 11.9 +/- 0.92 U/mg protein to 6.2 +/- 1.28 U/mg protein (p less than 0.01). Accordingly, free/bound activity ratios of cathepsin D increased from 0.8 to 1.9 and beta-glucuronidase from 0.9 to 2.8, respectively. Conspicuous fall from 12.8 +/- 0.6 U/mg protein to 8.0 +/- 0.97 U/mg protein (p less than 0.01) in absolute specific activity of cathepsin D bound to the lysosomal fraction, presents definitive evidence of lysosomal release of the acid hydrolases during the early phase of myocardial ischemia. Electron microscopic observation of the ischemic myocytes revealed ultrastructural alterations of the lysosomes suggestive of autophagic degradation of various subcellular organelles.
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PMID:Lysosomal hypothesis in evolution of myocardial infarction. Subcellular fractionation and electron microscopic cytochemical study. 50 30

1. The total content of neutral sugars in skin of the weanling albino rats kept on the protein-deficient diet was increased by about 40%; this was mainly due to the increased concentration of galactose. The content of sialic acid was increased by about 20%. The collagen nitrogen was decreased significantly, with a concomitant increase of non-collagen nitrogen. At the same time, the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in skin was significantly decreased and that of non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans was increased. 2. Protein-deficient diet enhanced the activities of the protein-bound carbohydrate-degrading lysosomal hydrolases, viz. cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4.23), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) both in liver and skin. The activity of liver hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35) was also increased upon limitation of protein supply. 3. The changes observed in skin were accompanied by increased concentration of the protein-bound hexoses, hexosamines and sialic acids in serum, and of hexosamine and uronic acid in urine. The serum fucose remained unchanged.
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PMID:Effect of protein deficiency on the metabolism of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in albino rat skin. 54 53

The activities of the lysosomal acid hydrolases-cathespin D, acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase-were measured in rat myometrium under the following hormonal conditions: during the estrus stage of the estrous cycle (NE); at 1,2, and 3 wk after ovariectomy; and in 3-wk postovariectomized females after hormone replacement therapy with 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), or E2 + P. Activities per milligram protein and per milligram DNA of the enzymes were significantly decreased after ovariectomy and were restored to the NE level or above after injecting E2 or E2 + P. Lysosomal enzyme activities did not change with hormonal state in hypophysectomized rats, suggesting that other hormones are required for mediation of enzyme activity. Acid hydrolase activities in other tissues and nonlysosomal enzyme activites in the myometrium did not fluctuate with hormonal state. Studies of lysosomal membrane integrity suggested that one population of lysosomes richer in cathepsin D and acid phosphatase and another rich in beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase may be present in rat myometrium. Estrogen seemed to labilize the lysosomal membrane of at least the latter of the two proposed populations of myometrial lysosomes.
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PMID:Effect of ovarian hormones on lysosomal acid hydrolase activities in rat myometrium. 55 4

A comparative study was made of the total lysosomal enzyme activity found in homogenates of normal ectocervical squamous epithelium and squamous carcinoma of this epithelium. The activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D and acid ribonuclease were higher in carcinoma tissue than in normal tissue. The most important observation made was with regard to the distribution of enzyme activity in homogenates. In carcinoma homogenates most of the enzyme activity was detected in the lysosomal fractions, whereas in controls the activity was predominantly found in the cytosol fractions. No histochemical and electron microscopical techniques were used in this study. Because it was possible to sediment the enzyme activity and to demonstrate latency, these can be referred to as lysosomal enzymes with certainty.
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PMID:[A comparism between lysosomal enzyme activity in normal ectocervical squamous epithelium and squamous carcinoma of the ectocervix]. 56 9

Rats of two age groups (6 weeks and 30 months) received (1) a single dose of 600 mg D-galactosamine (GalN)/kg body weight by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, (2) a single dose of 600 mg GalN/kg body weight i.p. combined with 20 mg prednisolone/kg body weight subcutaneously at the beginning of the experiment. The kinetic studies disclose that GalN produces more severe changes in old than in young animals, represented by the activities of cytoplasmic (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and lysosomal (beta-acetylglucosaminidase beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D) enzymes. Prednisolone diminishes the morphological liver changes as well as the biochemical disturbances in young rats. There is only a protecting effect in morphological changes of old animals within the first 12 h. The prevention of cytoplasmic enzyme activity increase is limited to the first 12 h.
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PMID:Age dependent kinetic studies of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes of the normal and D-galactosamine injured rat liver. 62 70


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