Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase-encoding gene gusA is useful as a reporter gene in a variety of organisms. In this report, we describe the development of two related vectors, pGUS1 and pGUS2, which can be used to identify and quantitate activities of the promoter regions from yeast genes. Both vectors contain several unique restriction sites upstream from gus and the yeast CYC1 transcription terminator downstream from gus. In addition, pGUS2 carries the yeast ADH1 transcriptional terminator sequence upstream from gus, in order to block read-through transcription originating in vector sequences. Both vectors were tested after cloning the well-characterized GAL1,10 promoter region from yeast. These GAL1,10-containing plasmids demonstrated appropriate regulation of the reporter in response to carbon sources. The pGUS1 and pGUS2 vectors provide a simple, reliable and extremely sensitive reporter-gene system that allows quantitative measurement of promoter activity of yeast DNA sequences. Furthermore, the presence of a terminator sequence upstream from gus in pGUS2 should facilitate analysis and quantitation of expression from weak promoters.
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PMID:Vectors with the gus reporter gene for identifying and quantitating promoter regions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 786 35

Alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (ADH1) synthesis in O2-deprived roots of maize (Zea mays L.) results from induced transcription and selective translation of ADH1 mRNA. The effect of ADH1 mRNA sequences on message stability and translation was studied in protoplasts of the maize cell line P3377.5' capped and 3' polyadenylated mRNA constructs containing the firefly gene (luc) for luciferase (LUC) or the Escherichia coli gene (uidA) for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region were synthesized in vitro and electroporated into protoplasts that were cultured at 40 or 5% O2. A LUC mRNA with a 17-nucleotide polylinker 5' untranslated region (UTR) was expressed 10-fold higher under aerobic conditions than under hypoxic conditions. Expression of five chimeric ADH1-GUS mRNAs was measured relative to this LUC mRNA. An mRNA containing the 5'-UTR and the first 18 codons of adh1 in a translational fusion with the GUS coding region and followed by the 3'-UTR of adh1 was expressed 57-fold higher at 5% O2. Progressive deletion of adh1 5'-UTR and coding sequences reduced expression of the GUS-mRNA at 5% O2, but had little impact on expression of 40% O2. Enhancement of expression in hypoxic protoplasts conferred by the adh1 5'-UTR and the first 26 codons decreased more than 3-fold when the adh1 3'-UTR was removed. In addition, the adh1 3'-UTR slightly inhibited expression in aerobic protoplasts. The physical half-lives of the GUS and LUC mRNAs were similar under both anaerobic and hypoxic conditions, indicating that expression levels were largely independent of mRNA stability. Thus, both adh1 5' and 3' mRNA sequences are required for enhanced translation in protoplasts under O2 deprivation.
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PMID:Both 5' and 3' sequences of maize adh1 mRNA are required for enhanced translation under low-oxygen conditions. 888 81

Several matrix-attachment regions (MARs) from animals have been shown to block interactions between an enhancer and promoter when situated between the two. Since a similar function for plant MARs has not been discerned, we tested the Zea mays ADH1 5' MAR, Nicotiana tabacum Rb7 3' MAR and a transformation booster sequence (TBS) MAR from Petunia hybrida for their ability to impede enhancer-promoter interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Stable transgenic lines containing vectors in which one of the three MAR elements or a 4 kb control sequence were interposed between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer and a flower-specific AGAMOUS second intron-derived promoter (AGIP)::beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion were assayed for GUS expression in vegetative tissues. We demonstrate that the TBS MAR element, but not the ADH1 or Rb7 MARs, is able to block interactions between the 35S enhancer and AGIP without compromising the function of either with elements from which they are not insulated.
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PMID:A transformation booster sequence (TBS) from Petunia hybrida functions as an enhancer-blocking insulator in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1937 69