Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A technique utilizing Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin treatment of hens (Gallus domesticus), followed by manual ovulation of the excised follicles, was developed to obtain a large number of mature ova. The intact ova were used to test whether acrosin, partially purified from the spermatozoa of the cock (Gallus domesticus), partially purified rabbit testicular acrosin and commercial preparations of several hydrolytic enzymes could dissolve the inner vitelline membrane. Enzymes were applied to pieces of filter paper placed on the ovum. Cock acrosin and endopeptidases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, collagenase and elastase hydrolyzed the membrane whereas exopeptidases such as leucine aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A did not. Phospholipase A, sulfatase, hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and rabbit testicular acrosin also failed to hydrolyze the membrane. Cock acrosin hydrolysis of the ovum surface was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. The surface of the ovum over the germinal disc region was hydrolyzed more quickly by cock acrosin than the surface over other regions of the ovum. Acrosin from cock sperm caused the release of trichloroacetic acid soluble material absorbing at 280 nm from sonicated preparations of inner vitelline membranes. Hydrolysis was greatest at pH 8.0 and was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor.
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PMID:Hydrolysis of the hen egg vitelline membrane by cock sperm acrosin and other enzymes. 0 Apr 54

The ascites form of a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, line-10, was resistant to killing in vitro by xenogeneic antibody and guinea pig complement. Pretreatment of line-10 cells with certain proteolytic enzymes rendered tham susceptible to the killing action of antibody and guinea pig complement. The effects of enzyme pretreatment were dependent on enzyme concentration, temperature, and could be blocked by addition of competitive or non-competitive inhibitors. The effect of the enzyme treatment could reversed by incubating the treated cells at 37 degrees C (but not at 0 degrees C), in the absence of the enzyme. Effective enzymes included ficin, bromelain, pronase, elastase, papain, trypsin, collagenase, lipases type I and type VI, and the neuraminidase preparation isolated from Clostridium perfringens. The activity of the lipase preparations and the neuraminidase preparation isolated from Clostridium perfringens appeared to be caused by proteolytic enzyme contamination. Enzyme preparations that proved ineffecitve in rendering the line-10 cells sensitive to killing by antibody and guinea pig complement included DNase, RNase, beta-glucuronidase type 6A or type B10, hyaluronidase type V or type VI, and pectinesterase.
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PMID:Lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. VI. Enhanced killing of enzyme-pretreated tumor cells. 17 70

Incorporation of 125I-labeled cholesterol ester rich lipoproteins from cholesterol fed rabbits into normal rabbit aorta in vitro was inhibited by heparin, lecithin, and collagenase and by succinylation of the lipoprotein. Aortic uptake of lipoprotein was increased by neuraminidase, proteases, lipase, and beta-glucuronidase. These results suggest that it may be possible to control atherogenesis by controlling the interaction of atherogenic lipoproteins with their arterial receptor.
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PMID:Control of the interaction of cholesterol ester-rich lipoproteins with arterial receptors. 18 30

1. Both activities of hepatic collagenase and lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) have been observed in the recovery from experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride for 6 to 20 weeks, and compared with the disappearance of newly formed collagen fibers in the recovery process. 2. In the process of experimental hepatic fibrosis, collagenase activity reached maximum on sethe accumulation of collagen fibers in reversible hepatic fibrosis, but decreased to the same level as that of non-treated rat liver in cirrhotic stage. In the reocvery from reversible hepatic fibrosis, collagenase activity reached maximum on second day after the discontinuation of carbon tetrachloride, and decreased to the same extent of that of non-treated rat liver on seventh day. 3. Lysosomal enzyme activity was parallel to the activity of hepatic collagenase and to the accumulation of collagen fibers in the process of hepatic fibrosis. In the recovery stage, lysosomal enzyme activity in mesenchymal cells within the septa increased markedly on second day after the discontinuation of toxic agent but turned to the same level of that of non-treated rat liver seven days later, which was consistent with the appearance and disappearance of collagenase activity. On the other hand the appearance of lysosomal enzymes activities in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes was different from that of collagenase activity. That is lysosomal enzyme activity in Kupffer cells decreased in early days but increased five days later, and the enzyme activity in hepatocytes markedly decreased but gradually recovered to normal level seven days later. 4. The appearance of collagenase was observed at the beginning of the recovery stage. It indicates that mammalian collagenase initiates the collagen degradation and lysosomal enzymes might have a role in the subsequent degradation of collagen.
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PMID:Different appearance of hepatic collagenase and lysosomal enzymes in recovery of experimental hepatic fibrosis. 22 Sep 94

The activities of beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase A and acid DNAase were measured in homogenates from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes prepared from germ-free, monocontaminated and conventional rats. The cells were prepared from a liver cell suspension obtained by treating the perfused liver with collagenase. Kupffer cells from germ-free rats were found to have lower lysosomal enzyme activities than cells obtained from conventional rats. Monocontaminated animals (E. coli or Streptococcus pyogenes) showed intermediate activities. Our data indicate that the level of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages is a function of the endocytic activity of these cells.
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PMID:The influence of infection on the content of lysosomal enzymes in rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. 78 60

The level of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the parenchymal cells from hyperplastic nodules and from the entire liver of rats fed N-2-fluorenylacetamide was studied and compared with that of normal liver cells. Measurements of unscheduled DNA synthesis were carried out by the use of a primary liver cell culture system. Livers were perfused with collagenase, the cells from individual hyperplastic nodules, and/or from the whole liver aspirated and plated onto plastic Petri dishes. Simultaneous histochemical measurements of beta-glucuronidase were carried out in the cultured cells as an aid in distinguishing functional cell types. The cells from hyperplastic nodules obtained from the liver during carcinogen feeding survived much longer than normal liver cells in culture. The level of unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined radioautographically after exposing cells to ultraviolet light and incubating with [3H]thymidine. [3H]Thymidine labeling was variable among individual nodules or animals and fluctuated as a function of the number of days in culture. In general, however, the level of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the cells from hyperplastic nodules was always higher than or similar to that of normal liver cells. Thus, the cells of hyperplastic nodules are not more readily transformed into the malignant state than normal cells as a result of their lowered DNA repair mechanisms.
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PMID:Unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells from N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hyperplastic nodules of rat liver maintained in a primary culture system. 123 66

1. Metabolites and DNA adducts of 3H-benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) formed by isolated hepatocytes from English sole (Parophrys vetulus) in vitro were compared to those in bile and liver of sole exposed i.m. to 3H-BaP. 2. English sole liver was perfused with a collagenase solution and hepatocytes were isolated with greater than 95% viability. Determination of kinetic parameters for metabolism of 3H-BaP showed a Km of 29 +/- 10 microM and an apparent Vmax of 1300 pmol BaP metabolized/10(6) cells per h. 3. Analysis of medium from hepatocyte cultures and bile by ion-pair h.p.l.c. showed significant amounts of radioactivity in regions where glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of BaP metabolites elute. No sulphate conjugates of BaP metabolites were detected. The major unconjugated metabolite formed by hepatocytes was the BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol. 4. Hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates by beta-glucuronidase and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. analysis of chloroform-soluble metabolites showed the presence of BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, 1-hydroxyBaP and 3-hydroxyBaP. The identities of these metabolites were confirmed by comparing their fluorescence spectra with those of standard BaP metabolites. 5. Analysis by 32P-postlabelling of the BaP-DNA adducts formed in isolated hepatocytes and liver revealed that major adducts detected are derived from the anti-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxideBaP (anti-BaPDE) and syn-BaPDE. 6. Results show that the types of conjugated metabolites and BaP-DNA adducts formed in primary hepatocyte culture were similar to those in bile and liver of English sole exposed to BaP. Thus, isolated hepatocytes from English sole afford a reliable alternative to live fish for studies of the mechanisms of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and DNA adduct formation in a species shown to be susceptible to induction of hepatocarcinogenesis by PAHs.
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PMID:The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by English sole (Parophrys vetulus): comparison between isolated hepatocytes in vitro and liver in vivo. 141 84

Traditional clinical variables of periodontal pathology have only limited value as indicators for future disease progression in patients with adult periodontitis. Consequently, other aspects of the periodontal lesion are being examined for their diagnostic utility. Analysis of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is among the most intensely studied of these new diagnostic approaches. Specific indicators of the humoral immune response, cellular immune response, and acute inflammatory response have been identified in GCF. The relationship of indicators of the humoral immune response to active periodontal disease is equivocal. Specific indicators of the cellular immune response in GCF may ultimately prove to be important diagnostically, but the relationship of any specific marker to active periodontal disease has not been reported. In contrast, the acute inflammatory response in GCF has been extensively studied and a number of factors appear to be associated with an increased risk for future disease progression. Indicators of enhanced polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity, (lysosomal beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal collagenase), prostaglandin E2, and an indicator of acute tissue destruction (the cytoplasmic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase) have been associated with the occurrence of clinical attachment loss. An example of the application of a GCF marker in a periodontitis clinical trial is provided by describing the relationship of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase in GCF at baseline and 2 weeks following root planing and scaling to the occurrence of disease activity during the following 6 months. Persistently elevated levels of this enzyme were related to clinical attachment loss. The positive, negative, and total predictive values for beta-glucuronidase as an identifier of clinical attachment loss were 86%, 71%, and 76%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The host response in gingival crevicular fluid: potential applications in periodontitis clinical trials. 147 31

This study examined the presence of extracellular matrix processing enzymes in matrix vesicles produced by rat costochondral resting zone and growth zone chondrocytes in culture. Optimum procedures for the extraction of each enzyme activity were determined. Enzyme activity associated with chondrocyte plasma membrane microsomes was used for comparison. There was a differential distribution of the enzyme activities related to the cartilage zone from which the cells were isolated. Acid and neutral metalloproteinase (TIMP), plasminogen activator, and beta-glucuronidase were highest in the growth zone chondrocyte (GC) membrane fractions when compared with matrix vesicles and plasma membranes isolated from resting zone chondrocyte (RC) cultures. There was a threefold enrichment of total and active acid metalloproteinase in GC matrix vesicles, whereas no enrichment in enzyme activity was observed in RC matrix vesicles. Total and active neutral metalloproteinase were similarly enriched twofold in GC matrix vesicles. TIMP, plasminogen activator, and beta-glucuronidase activities were highest in the plasma membranes of both cell types. No collagenase, lysozyme, or hyaluronidase activity was found in any of the membrane fractions. The data indicate that matrix vesicles are selectively enriched in enzymes which degrade proteoglycans. The highest concentrations of these enzymes are found in matrix vesicles produced by growth zone chondrocytes, suggesting that this may be a mechanism by which the more differentiated cell modulates the matrix for calcification.
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PMID:Matrix vesicles are enriched in metalloproteinases that degrade proteoglycans. 157 46

This study explored whether extracellular matrix processing enzymes are present in matrix vesicles produced by rat costochondral resting zone and growth zone chondrocytes in culture. It was found that there was a differential distribution of enzyme activities related to the cartilage zone from which the cells were isolated. There was a 3-fold enrichment of total and active acid metalloproteinase in growth zone chondrocyte (GC) matrix vesicles whereas no enrichment in enzyme activity was observed in resting zone chondrocyte (RC) matrix vesicles. Total and active neutral metalloproteinase were similarly enriched 2-fold in GC matrix vesicles. TIMP, plasminogen activator and beta-glucuronidase activities were highest in the plasma membranes of both cell types. No collagenase, lysozyme, or hyaluronidase activity was found. The data indicate that matrix vesicles are selectively enriched in enzymes that degrade proteoglycans. The highest concentrations of these enzymes are found in matrix vesicles produced by growth zone chondrocytes, suggesting that this may be a mechanism by which the more differentiated cell modulates the matrix for calcification.
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PMID:Matrix vesicles contain metalloproteinases that degrade proteoglycans. 161 5


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