Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pattern of activity of certain membrane-associated enzymes was followed in the erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mastomys natalensis. Parasitized erythrocytes were separated from non-parasitized populations by percoll-density gradient centrifugation. The activity of adenylate cyclase was markedly increased while those of ATPase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were considerably decreased in the membrane preparations of parasitized erythrocytes as compared to normal erythrocytes. There was a decrease in the activity of ATPase and an increase of adenylate cyclase in the membrane preparations of non-parasitized erythrocytes. However, other enzymes did not alter to a significant extent in non-parasitized erythrocytes. Chloroquine (in vitro) stimulated adenylate cyclase, Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca++Mg++-ATPase while acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited.
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PMID:Erythrocyte membrane-bound enzymes in Mastomys natalensis during Plasmodium berghei infection. 608 78

The effects of sample preparations by dialysis and gel filtration on the catalytic concentrations of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase are described. Individual urines were collected during 24 hours on 3 consecutive days from 10 male rats. Gel filtration (Sephadex G25) was more effective than dialysis against water in the removal of inhibitors of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase. For alanine aminopeptidase, slightly higher results were obtained by dialysis. Inhibitor contents varied from day to day. Activity decreases of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were found in some of the urine samples and interpreted as removal of activators. Gel filtration is recommended for the preparation of rat urine for the measurement of these three enzymes. The slightly inferior effect of gel filtration on alanine aminopeptidase should be disregarded for the sake of practicality.
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PMID:Enzymuria of the rat: the preparation of urine for enzyme analysis. 614 Dec 12

Renal toxicity of aminoglycosides seems to be less frequent in newborn infants compared to adults even though glomerular filtration rate and tubular secretion and reabsorption mechanisms are subjected to adaptive processes during the neonatal period. In 14 infants, kinetic parameters of gentamicin were determined using an open three-compartment body model. According to the lower glomerular filtration rate, the beta-elimination phase is longer in the newborn infant compared to adults, while the gamma-elimination phase is quite similar to adult values. The calculated drug accumulation in the deep compartment (kidney) under steady-state conditions is lower in newborns compared to infants. The excretion of urinary enzymes of tubular origin, that is the lysosomal NAG (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase), beta-glucuronidase, and the brush-border-associated AAP (alanine-aminopeptidase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase), are lower in healthy newborn infants compared to older ones. The increase of AAP, for instance, during aminoglycoside therapy is less pronounced in newborn infants, especially in prematures, if compared to adult values. After end of therapy the AAP excretion decreases to normal. The calculated rate of this decrease takes place in a fashion similar to the release of drugs from the kidney (gamma-elimination phase). The data indicate that there may be a lower renal accumulation of aminoglycosides in newborn infants, which can be explained by the morphometric and functional characteristics of the newborn kidney.
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PMID:Renal toxicity of aminoglycosides in the neonatal period. 614 23

An 18-year-old boy showed childhood onset of mental retardation, neurogenic muscle atrophy with hyperreflexia, Marfan-like features, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, increased urinary excretion of dermatan sulfate, and decreased lysosomal enzyme activities in beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. This case may be a new syndrome, the combination of neurogenic muscle atrophy with lysosomal enzyme deficiencies.
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PMID:Juvenile neurogenic muscle atrophy with lysosomal enzyme deficiencies: new disease or variant of mucopolysaccharidosis? 618 76

The group of aged subjects being 66 to 97 years old was compared with the middle-age group with regard to various immunological and cytochemical indices related to lymphocytes and neutrophils. The aged showed a lowered count and percentage of T cells, increased count and percentage of "non-B, non-T" lymphocytes, increased percentage of B cells. These alterations in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulation were associated with characteristic patterns of damage affecting the enzyme-positive lysosomal apparatus of lymphocytes with regard to acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. There was a hundredfold smaller number of cells having intact enzyme-positive lysosomes in the aged than in the group of comparison. The changes mentioned above were also associated with the intracellular accumulation of glycogen in lymphocytes, decreased concentration of IgG and IgM in the serum and various changes in IgA concentration. Neutrophils of the aged were fewer in the blood of the aged than in younger subjects. However, an increased activity of myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and an increased content of glycogen and lipids could be found in these cells. NBT-positive neutrophil numbers in the aged were lowered if the stimulated test was used and if there were no changes of the spontaneous test.
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PMID:Immunological and cytochemical indices of white blood cells in old age. 619 50

Myocrisin given to mice i.p. causes depression of lysosomal enzyme activity (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in peritoneal macrophages. If avirulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is given i.p. 3 h after the Myocrisin, further depression of lysosomal enzyme activity occurs, a very high titre of virus is produced in these macrophages and the virus becomes lethal, causing 100% mortality. The possible interrelationships between depressed lysosomal activity, high virus titres and the production of a lethal virus infection are discussed.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzyme changes in macrophages from mice given myocrisin and infected with avirulent Semliki Forest virus. 629 31

The heterogeneity of human neutrophil granules, particularly of azurophil granules, defined as peroxidase containing, was examined by measuring N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in fractions of isopycnic sucrose gradients of such granules. Neutrophil granules were prepared from normal human blood, monodispersed in heparinized sucrose, and centrifuged by established methods. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was previously shown to be exquisitely sensitive to small amounts of heparin; paradoxically, larger amounts restore activity. The inhibition is reversed with protamine. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity had its peak at density 1.20 gm/ml (band B) and a lesser peak at density 1.22 gm/ml (band A). Mean specific enzyme activity was 899 +/- 217 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein in gradient fraction 12 (band B), and 507 +/- 149 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein in fraction 8 (band A) (p less than 0.01), which correlated in part to the significantly higher protein content in band A. These specific activities are 31-fold and 17-fold greater, respectively, then mean neutrophil lysate specific activity of 28.8 +/- 7.0 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein, indicating a considerable concentration of granule enzyme activity in these gradient bands. The gradient distribution of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase is nearly identical to that of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase, thus providing another enzyme marking the existence of two populations of azurophil granules, separable by density. Of total gradient enzyme activity, the mean percentage distribution of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the pellet was 0.3%. Because the mean percentage of total gradient activity in the pellet was on an order of magnitude higher for myeloperoxidase (4.7%), beta-glucuronidase (3.7%), lysozyme (3.9%), and protein (2.8%), our data suggest that N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has a possibly unique site within or an affinity to one or both of the two populations of azurophilic granules that is distinct from that for myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase.
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PMID:Human neutrophil N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: granule localization. Further evidence for two azurophil granules. 633 Feb 50

This study was undertaken to identify biochemical alterations in serum, lymphoid organs, and peritoneal macrophages (PM) which reflect the histopathology of experimental Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) infection in mice. A significant increase of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lysozyme was found in serum, spleen, and liver homogenates of mice infected intraperitoneally (ip) with MLM. PM from infected mice showed a substantially greater rate of secretion of beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase than PM from normal mice. There was, however, no significant difference in the ability of PM from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to secrete such enzymes in vitro. There was also a significant increase in all these enzymes in PM in the early stage of infection but they dropped to values lower than normal in the advanced stage of infection despite the fact that such cells increased in size and protein content as the infection progressed. Infected mice were also found to have progressively elevated levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic, and glutamic pyruvic transaminases which indicated damages of hepatocytes and other tissues. Values of other blood components were also reported. Both BALB/c and C57BL/6 strain of mice, which are susceptible to the ip route of MLM infection, showed an indistinguishable pattern of biochemical alterations as reflected by their similar histopathological changes in various organs. BALB/c mice, which are still susceptible to subcutaneous (sc) route of infection showed similar characteristic changes in various serum components as before. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to MLM infection sc, showed insignificant alterations in most of these biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Experimental murine leprosy: a biochemical study emphasizing lysosomal enzyme changes in vivo and enzyme secretion by macrophages in vitro. 636 59

The effects of Bestatin, a low molecular weight metabolite of Streptomyces olivoreticuli on the human and mouse/rat immune system, have been studied in detail. To describe the activity of the immunomodulating dipeptide, it has been tested in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in various experimental models. Bestatin simultaneously applied with selected antigens to mice was able to enhance the DTH response against a challenge injection of the respective antigen given into the footpad. Serum antibody levels against those antigens were uneffected. However, an increase of PFC could be found in those mice given high doses of Bestatin. On natural killer cell activity against Yac-1 tumor cells the dipeptide had no effect in low responder (DBA2/J) mice. In high responder mice (CBA/JCr), however, a significant increase of NK cell activity of spleen cells could be found, when the drug was given on day 0 or on days 0 to 3 and the test was performed on day 4. Bestatin had no effect on the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo or in vitro and even a suppressive effect on the induction of syngeneic antitumor CTL. Contrary to this suppressive effect, Bestatin increases in the popliteal lymph node assay the weights in a dose-dependent way. When mouse macrophages or human monocytes were either incubated in vitro with Bestatin or mice were treated with the dipeptide parenterally or orally and the macrophages from those mice were investigated, Bestatin induced in vitro and in vivo a dose-dependent increase in pinocytic uptake of radioactive colloidal gold. Also the oxidative metabolism was dose-dependently augmented as measured by chemiluminescence. Bestatin modulates the macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. In vitro or in vivo activated mononuclear phagocytes exhibited a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity for several tumor target cells. A minimum ratio of 50:1 effector to target cells was necessary for this cytotoxic effect. A similar degree of activation was observed in macrophages from athymic nu/nu-mice or from endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ-mice. Other parameters of macrophage activation were determined by measuring secretion of lysosomal enzymes and liberation of prostaglandins. Bestatin interacts with macrophages in vivo and in vitro by increasing their secretory activity of acid hydrolases (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). This release was dose- and time-dependent and not associated with any sign of cell death. Another class of mediators produced by macrophages after stimulation with Bestatin were the prostaglandins E2 and F2a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies on the mechanisms of action of the immunomodulator Bestatin in various screening test systems. 638 22

It was reported that neurotropin (NSP), an extract isolated from the inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, activates murine T cell functions participating in cell-mediated immunity. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of NSP on plastic dish-adherent macrophages (M phi) from ddY mice in vitro. Total activities of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in resident peritoneal M phi was slightly enhanced when the M phi were cultured with NSP (10-1000 micrograms/ml) for 48 and 96 hr, but no enhancement was noted in 24 hr culture. Intracellular activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by culturing with NSP for 48 and 96 hr. The enhanced LDH activity in the M phi cultured with NSP for 96 hr was completely inhibited by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. In addition, consumption of glucose in the culture media by the M phi was also enhanced by culturing with NSP for 96 hr. Intracellular activity of LDH and glucose consumption of plastic dish-nonadherent cells from normal mouse peritoneal cells, however, was not enhanced by NSP in 96 hr culture. In regard to allogeneic M phi-mediated cytostatic activity to P815-X2 mastocytoma, NSP had no effect on cytostatic activities of the resident and thioglycollate-induced M phi, although NSP by itself dose-dependently inhibited the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that NSP biochemically activates mouse peritoneal M phi in vitro, but the M phi activated by NSP can not inhibit the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma.
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PMID:[Immunopharmacological actions of neurotropin (4). Effect of neurotropin on mouse peritoneal macrophages]. 644 Aug 35


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