Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The cardioprotective effects of antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III, amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031, were investigated in anaesthetized dogs. 2. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 2 h. 3. Heart mitochondria were prepared from both the ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas, and their function was estimated polarographically. 4. Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, were measured in each fraction. 5. Two hour occlusion induced ventricular arrhythmias, and amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031 greatly suppressed the development of arrhythmias. 6. Amiodarone, sotalol and E-4031 significantly protected mitochondria against ischaemia, and prevented ischaemia-induced leakage of lysosomal enzymes. 7. Antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III show cardioprotective effects, which might participate in their antiarrhythmic effect.
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PMID:Effects of antiarrhythmic agents classified as class III group on ischaemia-induced myocardial damage in canine hearts. 233 83

Intracellular localization and enzymatic activities of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin B, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase) were studied in control rats and after induction of caerulein pancreatitis. In control rats high enzymatic activities were found in the postnuclear 1000 g fraction (purified zymogen granules). The corresponding subcellular fraction in pancreatitis animals additionally contained larger secretory vacuoles and autophagosomes and revealed a marked increase in lysosomal enzyme activities. Immunolabelling studies at the ultrastructural level for trypsinogen and cathepsin B demonstrated a colocalization of lysosomal and digestive enzymes in zymogen granules in healthy controls. After induction of pancreatitis immunolabelling still demonstrated a colocalisation of cathepsin B and trypsinogen in secretory granules and newly formed Golgi-derived secretory vacuoles. Concomitantly appearing autophagosomes were, however, only labelled for cathepsin B. It is concluded that segregation of lysosomal and digestive enzymes is incomplete in normal acinar cells resulting in a colocalization in zymogen granules. In pancreatitis colocalization in secretory granules is maintained, whereas only lysosomal enzymes were sufficiently transferred into autophagic vacuoles. No indication for impaired mechanisms of molecular sorting of lysosomal and digestive enzymes in caerulein-induced pancreatitis was found.
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PMID:Localization of lysosomal and digestive enzymes in cytoplasmic vacuoles in caerulein-pancreatitis. 235 74

The activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was assessed using semiquantitative cytochemical methods in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 45 untreated patients with gastric cancer and 80 healthy subjects. In cancer patients the study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes with granular reaction for acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, as well as an increase in the number of lymphocytes showing a granular-diffuse reaction for the above enzymes and a diffuse reaction for all the studied lysosomal enzymes. Possible mechanisms of the observed changes are discussed.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with gastric cancer. 243 66

This study was designed to clarify whether or not flecainide have cardioprotective effect on ischemic myocardium. Nineteen dogs anesthetized and subjected to 2 h coronary occlusion, were divided into 2 groups. In the control group, physiological saline was infused, and in the flecainide group, 2 mg/kg of flecainide acetate and followed by 100 micrograms/kg/min continuous infusion. To assess the cardioprotective effect, mitochondrial function and lysosomal enzyme activities were measured. Two hours after occlusion, mitochondria were prepared from both ischemic and non-ischemic areas in each group, and their function (respiratory control index, and the rate of oxygen consumption in state III respiration) were measured polarographically with succinate as substrate. Fractionation of myocardial tissue from both non-ischemic and ischemic areas was performed according to the method of Weglicki et al, and the activities of lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase) were measured. In the control group, mitochondrial dysfunction and leakage of lysosomal enzymes induced by 2 h occlusion were observed. On the contrary, administration of flecainide maintained significantly mitochondrial function, and prevented significantly leakage of lysosomal enzymes. These results indicated that flecainide had cardioprotective effect as well as antiarrhythmic effects in ischemic myocardium.
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PMID:[The effect of flecainide on 2 hour occlusion-induced myocardial damages in dog]. 250 Jun 90

Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of three beta-blockers with different pharmacological properties were investigated in 33 anesthetized dogs with a 2-h coronary occlusion. Dogs were divided into 4 groups and received physiological saline or one of the following drugs using a 10-min infusion at 25 min before the occlusion: saline or control (n = 12), propranolol (0.3 mg/kg, n = 7), bisoprolol (0.05 mg/kg, n = 7), and nipradilol (0.2 mg/kg, n = 7) groups. Blood pressure did not significantly differ among the 4 experimental groups throughout the entire observation period. On the contrary, the postocclusion change (fall) in heart rate from the preocclusion value was significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) greater in the drug-treated groups than in the control group. Each of the beta-blockers effectively prevented the development of ventricular arrhythmias associated with the 2-h coronary occlusion. In terms of assessing a cardioprotective effect, the respiratory control index and rate of oxygen consumption in State III in mitochondria, and lysosomal enzyme activities (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase or beta-glucuronidase) in myocardial tissues, all prepared from both ischemic and non-ischemic areas, were measured using the respective, established methods. The 2-h coronary occlusion induced a mitochondrial dysfunction and leakage of lysosomal enzymes in the control group, whereas each beta-blocker significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) protected mitochondria against ischemia and prevented the lysosomal enzyme leakage. The results indicate that the antiarrhythmic effects of beta-blockers on ischemic myocardium are, at least in part, due to their cardioprotective action, and these effects appear to be unrelated to the ancillary pharmacological properties of these drugs.
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PMID:Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of beta-blockers, propranolol, bisoprolol, and nipradilol in a canine model of regional ischemia. 257 96

In 33 patients with lung cancer (6 women and 27 men, aged at average 61.2 years) the activity and intracellular localization of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined by means of semiquantitative cytochemical methods. In comparison to the control group of healthy subjects, the patients with lung cancer showed increased counts of acid phosphatase-positive lymphocytes with granular-diffuse cytochemical reaction, increased counts of beta-glucuronidase-positive lymphocytes with solely granular type of reaction and increased numbers of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-positive cells showing the granular, granular-diffuse and diffuse type of reaction. The total count of beta-glucuronidase-positive and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-positive lymphocytes was significantly elevated in these patients. The authors discuss the significance of their observations for evaluating lymphocyte response in patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Activity of some lysosomal enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer. A cytochemical study. 258 72

Two key lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes were studied in guinea pigs infected intramesenterically with E. histolytica. The animals were sacrificed on days 0, 2, 5 and 8 post-infection. The enzyme levels in the cell lysate and supernatants of both Kupffer cells and blood monocytes were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the infected animals compared with the controls. This increase was more marked on the 5th and 8th days post infection (P less than 0.001). The alteration in enzyme levels was higher in Kupffer cells than in blood monocytes (P less than 0.05). The enzyme levels increased exponentially with the severity of the hepatic lesions. A direct correlation was observed between the enzyme levels and the severity of the hepatic lesions (P less than 0.01). Hence, the role of lysosomal enzymes, released by activated mononuclear phagocytic cells, in the pathogenesis of hepatic amoebiasis is postulated.
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PMID:Role of lysosomal enzymes in tissue damage during hepatic amoebiasis. An experimental study. 260 92

To clarify the mechanism of irreversible myocardial damage, we studied the relationship between ischaemic mitochondrial dysfunction and leakage of lysosomal enzymes, and the effects of propranolol on myocardial damage. Open chest anaesthetised dogs were divided into six groups: 30 min occlusion of the left anterior coronary artery (LAD); 2 h LAD occlusion; 2 h LAD occlusion after premedication with 0.3 mg.kg-1 propranolol; 30 min LAD occlusion/l h reperfusion; 2 h LAD occlusion/l h reperfusion; and 2 h LAD occlusion/l h reperfusion after propranolol premedication. After occlusion or reperfusion, heart mitochondria were prepared from normal and occluded or reperfused areas, and mitochondrial function (rate of oxygen consumption in State III, and respiratory control index) was measured polarographically. Myocardial tissue was fractionated and activities of lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) were measured. Electron microscopic studies were performed. Thirty min occlusion induced mitochondrial dysfunction without leakage of lysosomal enzymes. Reperfusion for 1 h reversed these changes. However occlusion for 2 h induced mitochondrial dysfunction associated with the leakage of lysosomal enzymes, and mitochondrial dysfunction was not reversed by 1 h reperfusion. Propranolol reduced mitochondrial dysfunction after 2 h occlusion and prevented leakage of lysosomal enzymes. Mitochondrial function was fairly well maintained after 1 h reperfusion in dogs premedicated with propranolol. Structural changes in mitochondria were observed in the 2 h occlusion/l h reperfusion group, and were reduced by premedication with propranolol. These results suggest that irreversible injury of ischaemic mitochondria is closely linked with instability of lysosomal membranes, and that propranolol prevented irreversible myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction.
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PMID:Biochemical and morphological changes in myocardium during coronary occlusion and reperfusion in canine hearts: effects of propranolol on myocardial damage. 261 9

Adler and Martin (1983, Curr. Eye Res. 2, 359-66) found cathepsin D to be present in crude preparations of bovine interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). The purpose of the present study was to determine, by investigating several acid hydrolases in purer IPM samples, whether hydrolytic enzymes abundant in RPE lysosomes were present also as normal components of the IPM. IPM was prepared from bovine eyes by the introduction of a small bleb of buffer between the neural retina and the RPE. These IPM samples were free from significant contamination by surrounding tissues; they contained IRBP as their only major protein, and had negligible amounts of lactate dehydrogenase and ROS-specific proteins. Most acid hydrolases were assayed fluorometrically by measuring the 4-methylumbelliferone released upon hydrolysis of appropriate derivatives; the substrate for cathepsin was hemoglobin. The amounts of the enzymes found in the IPM were far from uniform and could not be correlated with enzyme activities in either RPE or retina homogenates. The hydrolases in the IPM varied in amount from beta-galactosidase (28% of the RPE level), through N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (20%), alpha-fucosidase (15%), beta-glucuronidase (12%), alpha-glucosidase (8%), cathepsin D (7%), alpha-mannosidase (7%), down to beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and acid lipase (trace amounts, less than 1%). These results agree with the relative amounts of enzymes found by Wilcox (1987) to be secreted into the medium by cultured human RPE cells. Furthermore, the rank order of hydrolases in the IPM is the same as that for hydrolases secreted (but not recaptured) by human fibroblasts in I-cell disease. The conclusion from these correlations is that lysosomal enzymes are probably secreted, as a normal process, by the RPE into the IPM, where they may have a role in digesting shed outer segments and in catabolizing IPM components.
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PMID:Selective presence of acid hydrolases in the interphotoreceptor matrix. 261 85

This study was designed to clarify the cardioprotective effects of various class I antiarrhythmic drugs, i.e., aprindine, disopyramide, flecainide, lidocaine, mexiletine, pentisomide and propafenone, on the ischemic heart. Sixty-one adult mongrel dogs were classified into eight groups according to premedication: 1) control group, physiologic saline solution was administered intravenously 25 min before left anterior descending coronary artery ligation; 2) aprindine group, 3 mg/kg body weight of aprindine intravenously; 3) disopyramide group, 2 mg/kg of disopyramide intravenously; 4) flecainide group, 2 mg/kg of flecainide intravenously followed by drip infusion of 100 micrograms/kg per min; 5) lidocaine group, 2 mg/kg of lidocaine intravenously followed by drip infusion of 100 micrograms/kg per min; 6) mexiletine group, 3 mg/kg per min of mexiletine intravenously followed by drip infusion of 15 micrograms/kg per min; 7) pentisomide group, 5 mg/kg intravenously; and 8) propafenone group, 2 mg/kg intravenously. Arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the experiment. Two hours after coronary occlusion, the heart was excised. Myocardial mitochondria were prepared and mitochondrial function (the respiratory control index and the rate of oxygen consumption in state III) was measured polarographically. Fractionation of myocardial tissues was performed and the lysosomal enzyme (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) activities among fractions were measured. No significant hemodynamic changes were observed compared with the control group except for those in the disopyramide and flecainide groups; that is, decrease in heart rate without changes in blood pressure compared with the control group was observed. All antiarrhythmic drugs effectively prevented the development of ventricular arrhythmias associated with ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardioprotective effects of various class I antiarrhythmic drugs in canine hearts. 273 64


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