Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whole isolated ellipsoids (sheathed capillaries of Schweiger-Seidel) of the pig spleen were explanted in Medium 199 containing 20% fetal calf serum or horse serum respectively. Cultures were kept in a gas phase of 5% carbon dioxide in air at 37 degrees C. After about 4 days in culture the outgrowth of two morphologically different cell types was apparent. Small cells of fusiform or stellate morphology displayed high activity of acid phosphatase. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase activity were also detectable. Furthermore these cells were highly reactive for unspecific esterase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Endogenous peroxidase activity was present in the cytoplasm and in the perinuclear space. Stellate cells therefore are thought of as ellipsoid macrophages. Additional observations reported are the expression of Fc-receptors on stellate cells. They triggered the phagocytosis of opsonized test particles. The second cell type showed fibroblastic morphology. The large well spread cells did exhibit low activities of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. The other enzyme activities examined were not detectable. The nature of these cells is not well understood at present. Most likely they are constituents of the framework of the ellipsoids. No transitions between stellate cells and fibroblastic cells were found.
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PMID:Isolation, culture, and preliminary characterization of ellipsoids (sheathed capillaries of Schweigger-Seidel) of the pig spleen. II. An enzyme histochemical study of in vitro cultivated ellipsoids. 650 Sep 98

We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with pronounced peripheral lymphadenopathy, with the cells having the philadelphia (Phl) chromosome and T-cell features. A 23-year-old man who was diagnosed as having CML and treated with busulfan was admitted to our hospital because of increasing hepatosplenomegaly and pronounced lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymph node biopsy disclosed that the malignant cells formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (En) (95.0%) and were positive for Leu 1 (91.8%). Of the cytochemical reactions, peroxidase was negative and periodic acid-Shiff, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase were all positive. The karyotype of the bone marrow cells was 46 XY Phl positive (22q-), and that of the lymph node cells was 51 XY Phl positive +8, +9, +18, +19, +21, 22q-. He was treated with various anti-leukemic agents and irradiation. Despite such treatments, he died of pneumonia. This is a report of a CML patients with blast crisis and tumor formation characterized by T-cell features.
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PMID:Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with tumor formation characterized by T-cell features--a case report. 660 8

Bovine liver beta-glucuronidase and testicular beta-galactosidase were assimilated by generalized gangliosidosis fibroblasts at respectively rates of 90 and 464 times the rate of assimilation of horseradish peroxidase. Assimilation of either of the two enzymes by the fibroblasts was saturable, suggesting the participation of receptor-mediated adsorptive endocytosis for internalization. The rate of assimilation of either enzyme was not affected by high levels of the other enzyme, suggesting that distinct receptors for each enzyme occur on the fibroblasts' cell surface. Furthermore, although assimilation of beta-galactosidase was inhibited by mannose, methyl mannosides, mannosyl alpha 1 leads to 2 mannose, and mannose-6-phosphate, these compounds did not detectably inhibit the assimilation of beta-glucuronidase. These results suggest that testicular beta-galactosidase was assimilated by the well-established phosphomannosyl recognition system. However, liver beta-glucuronidase was assimilated by a distinct, noncompeting, and as yet undefined, recognition system.
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PMID:Selective noncompetitive assimilation of bovine testicular beta-galactosidase and bovine liver beta-glucuronidase by generalized gangliosidosis fibroblasts. 676 54

The ultrastructural and cytochemical features of human peripheral blood TG cells (T cells with receptors IgG) and of the cells of the so-called third population (non-T, non-B cells with high avidity receptors for IgG) have been investigated and compared. Both TG and third-population cells (TPC) contained acid hydrolases with a paranuclear localization of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase, beta-glucuronidase or acid phosphatase. At the electron microscopy level, TG and TPC were indistinguishable and displayed rough cell surface, indented nuclei, abundant cytoplasm with predominance of the smooth over the rough membranes and peroxidase-negative granules. A large proportion of cells of the TPC could form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes after treatment with neuraminidase. The observed close similarities between TG and TPC may suggest that both cell types belong to a special subset of T cells. However, the alternative hypothesis that both TG and TPC are part of a subset unrelated to T cells, such as a new non-T, non-B cell population, or even of the monocytic-macrophage lineage, is also discussed.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and TG lymphocytes. 696 16

The bactericidal subcellular granules of rat peritoneal neutrophils were studied to determine selected physical and biochemical characteristics. Isopycnic centrifugation of these granules resolved them into three subpopulations: specific granules (buoyant density = 1.176) as well as light and heavy azurophil granules (buoyant density = 1.20 and 1.22, respectively). These buoyant densities corresponded closely to those of similarly isolated human granules. Specific granules of rat peritoneal neutrophil contained 68 per cent of the sedimentable alkaline phosphatase activity and part of the lysozyme of the whole rat peritoneal neutrophil. The light azurophil granules contained the remainder of the lysozyme, as well as a substantial portion of the beta-glucuronidase activity. Peroxidase was detected in both light and heavy azurophil granules, as was neutral protease. Morphologically, the rat specific granules were round or slightly ovoid organelles (0.10 to 0.13 micrometer in diameter). The azurophil granules were larger (0.3 micrometer) ellipsoid as well as round in shape, and stained strongly for peroxidase. These granules were significantly smaller than the crystal-containing granules of eosinophils.
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PMID:Characterization of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte subcellular granules. 708 90

Thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultivated in vitro in control medium or medium containing nicotine (1 nM-1 microM). The drug caused a moderate lysosomal vacuolation and formation of vesicles with a dense core or ring. Furthermore, it partially inhibited uptake and intracellular degradation of horseradish peroxidase without affecting the specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in lysates of the cells. A slight inhibitory effect on the phagocytosis of latex beads was also noted. Since nicotine was used in concentrations of the same magnitude that may be obtained in the blood after smoking one cigarette, it seems worthwhile to further explore these findings in relation to the medical risks of smoking.
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PMID:Effects of nicotine on endocytosis and intracellular degradation of horseradish peroxidase in cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages. 714 49

This study on human neutrophils was conducted to measure the kinetics of degranulation of the different cytoplasmic granules into phagocytic vacuoles, and to relate the timing of these events to the burst of respiration that accompanies phagocytosis by these cells. Purified neutrophils were incubated with latex particles opsonized with human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and phagocytosis was stopped at timed intervals. The cells were examined by electron microscopy to document the sequence of degranulation of the cytoplasmic granules. The azurophil granules and lyosomes were identified by histochemical staining for peroxidase and acid phosphatase, respectively. Phagocytic vacuoles were separated from cell homogenates by floatation on sucrose gradients and assayed for contained lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and acid hydrolases. The conclusions drawn from the biochemical and morphological studies were in agreement and indicated: particle uptake and vacuole closure can be completed within 20 s; both the specific and azurophil granules fuse with the phagocytic vacuole much earlier than is generally appreciated, with half-saturation times of 39 s (99% confidence limits, 15-72); oxygen consumption has kinetics similar to those of the fusion of these granules with the phagosome; degranulation of the acid hydrolases beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (biochemical assays), and acid phosphatase (biochemical assay and electron microscopic cytochemistry) have kinetics of degranulation that are similar to each other but totally different from and much slower than that of myeloperoxidase with half-saturation times of between 354 and 682 s (99% confidence limits, 246-883). This suggests that the acid hydrolases are not co-located with myeloperoxidase in the azurophil granule but are contained in distinct lysosomes, or "tertiary granules".
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PMID:Kinetics of fusion of the cytoplasmic granules with phagocytic vacuoles in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochemical and morphological studies. 736 74

In this communication, the results of applying various histochemical techniques for the localization of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases in the human heart are presented. The Purkinje fibres of the atrioventricular conducting system of the human heart differ from the myocardium proper in containing a slightly higher activity of most of the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic enzymes investigated. The relatively higher activity of 6-phosphofructokinase, the key enzyme in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism, is especially noteworthy. On the other hand, the activities of some of the enzymes that play a part in the aerobic energy metabolism is slightly less than those in the myocardium fibres. As for the activity of the NADPH regenerating enzymes, the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) is somewhat higher, and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase similar, in the Purkinje fibres compared to that in the myocardial fibres. The activity of myosin ATPase is similar for both types of fibre. Likewise, the fibres of the conducting system and of the myocardium show a similar activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, non-specific naphthylesterase and peroxidase. The neurogenic function of the conducting system of the human heart was demonstrated by the high activity of acetylcholinesterase in the Purkinje fibres and in the atrioventricular node. All these histochemical findings in Purkinje fibres are similar at widely differing levels of the conducting system.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical studies on the conducting system of the human heart. 744 Feb 54

The anionic peroxidase genes of tomato, tap1 and tap2, are induced by wounding in tomato fruits and by elicitor treatment in cell suspension cultures. These homologous genes code for anionic peroxidases that are postulated to cause polymerization of the phenolic residues into wall polymers in wound-healing and pathogen-infected tissues. An expression construct containing the entire TAP1 gene with its 5' and 3' flanking sequences was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. Also, constructs containing the 5' upstream regions of tap1 and tap2 including sequences coding for their respective putative leader peptides fused translationally to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were made and introduced into tobacco. Northern blot analysis of transcripts from wound-healing leaf tissues of transformants containing tap1 showed that the introduced gene was being transcribed in the heterologous host. The induction of tap1 transcripts in the wound-healing transgenic tobacco tissues was observed by 48 h and increased over time period of 84 h. Wounding also led to expression of GUS in tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS transformants and GUS activity was localized to the wound site. Activation of the tap1 and tap2 promoters in wound-healing transgenic tobacco tissues showed a GUS expression profile that correlated with the postulated role for anionic peroxidases in phenolic polymerization in suberizing tissues. Inoculation of tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS transformant leaves with fungal conidia from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi caused expression of GUS in locally inoculated regions, and GUS expression increased over a period of four days.
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PMID:Induction of a tomato anionic peroxidase gene (tap1) by wounding in transgenic tobacco and activation of tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS chimeric gene fusions in transgenic tobacco by wounding and pathogen attack. 767 69

The possible mechanism of diabetic serum factor (DSF)-mediated lysosomal degranulation has been investigated. It was observed that pertussis toxin, sodium fluoride and vanadate could significantly inhibit DSF-mediated beta-glucuronidase release, whereas atropine exhibited only a partial blockage against DSF. Since DSF can generate toxic free radicals, various free radical quenchers were tested in order to evaluate their contributions. Superoxide dismutase was found to be the most effective in inhibiting lysosomal release as compared to catalase and peroxidase. The mixtures of all the enzymes failed to exhibit any additive effect. Interaction of DSF with heparin, insulin and Con A revealed that heparin can completely block DSF-mediated lysosomal release. The implications of the observations are discussed.
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PMID:A mechanistic approach into a diabetic serum factor-mediated release of beta-glucuronidase in normal neutrophils. 785 43


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