Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antigenic composition of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis was investigated. Ether-water extracts, water-soluble material from freeze-pressed bacteria and detergent-eluted material from bacterial envelope were allowed to react in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antiserum against disintegrated bacteria of the vaccine strain. Ten antigenic factors were distinguished in an ether extract. When the extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate 15 antigenic factors were distinguished in the precipitate and 14 factors in an ethanol precipitate of the supernatant fluid. In the water extract of freeze-pressed material 17 antigenic factors were found. Comparative immunoelectrophoresis of all these fractions demonstrated a minimum of 20 antigenic factors. When envelope material of the vaccine strain was treated with Triton X-100, three more antigenic factors were found to be solubilized. Thus, a total of 23 antigenic factors were distinguished in the extracts. There was a wide variation in heat and trypsin sensitivity between the antigenic factors. A few of the factors had esterase or alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase or peroxidase activities were not found in any of the factors.
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PMID:Antigenic composition of a vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis. 615 69

Morphological and cytochemical studies of circulating neoplastic cells were carried out in a patient who presented a preterminal leukaemic phase of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Three types of abnormal cells were found in the peripheral blood: abnormal mononuclear cells, Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. All neoplastic cells were cytochemically negative to Sudan black B, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. Some neoplastic cells were positive to PAS and all were positive to acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase. The origin of the neoplastic population in HD is discussed.
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PMID:Morphological and cytochemical studies of circulating Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells. 615 8

In 106 workers (47 women and 59 men) being in professional contact with organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues during 1 to 122 months the cytochemical examination of peripheral blood neutrophils has been performed. The patterns of neutrophil functional activation have been noted expressed in increased activities of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, increased NBT reduction and diminished glycogen reserves. Those changes were accompanied by diminished peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The stimulated NBT reduction, elevated in majority of workers, exhibited negative correlation with the exposure time what indicates the practical value of that test monitoring the biological effects of professional contact with the solvents.
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PMID:Cytoenzymatic studies on neutrophils in workers having contact with organic solvents containing benzene, toluene and xylene. 616 42

Immunogold staining in combination with enzyme cytochemistry was used to determine the cytochemical profile of the immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subpopulations defined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKM1 in normal peripheral blood. Leukocyte suspensions were first incubated with the monoclonal mouse antibodies and then with colloidal gold-labeled goat antimouse antibodies. The cells were fixed and cytocentrifuge preparations were made. Cytochemical reactions for the detection of peroxidase, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase were performed on these preparations. Under light microscopy, lymphocytes reacting with the monoclonal antibodies had numerous dark granules around their surface membrane. In the cytoplasm the intracellular enzymatic activities were stained. The T-lymphocytes were characterized by a dot-like activity for the three enzymes. No significant difference could be found between the cytochemical profile of the T-helper (OKT4 positive) and T-cytotoxic suppressor cell populations (OKT8 positive). A few cells with lymphocyte morphology reacted with the OKM1 monoclonal antibody. Their cytochemical characteristics were different from those of mature T-cells (OKT3 population) or mature monocytes. From the comparison of their cytochemical characteristics, we can conclude that there is little correlation between the immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets defined by these monoclonal antibodies and those defined by Fc receptors.
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PMID:Cytochemical profile of immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. 618 35

The authors describe a 70-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and adult Fanconi syndrome. A monoclonal protein of IgA heavy-chain class and kappa light-chain class was demonstrable in the serum. Urine immunoelectrophoresis showed the presence of kappa light chains. Bone marrow aspirate showed increased plasma cells with large bundles of pink-staining Auer-rod-like crystals in their cytoplasm. These crystals failed to stain with Sudan black B, peroxidase, esterase, and PAS, but showed strong acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase positivity. Ultrastructural studies showed them to have a fibrillar and an unusual cross-striated pattern. Immunofluorescent studies showed strong IgA and kappa activity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, but the fluorescence was absent in the region of the crystals, which were identified easily by their negative birefringence. The authors interpret these observations to indicate that the intracytoplasmic crystals in this case are of lysosomal origin.
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PMID:Nature of intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in myeloma cells (morphologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescent studies). 619 1

The biochemical properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from blood and peritoneal exudates of rabbits were compared. All enzymes measured showed almost identical activities in both types of cells, except for alkaline phosphodiesterase, the activity of which was seven times higher in peritoneal neutrophils. During phagocytosis, blood and peritoneal beta-glucuronidases were released in very similar fashions. Lysozyme, one of the enzymes concerned with killing of bacteria, as well as beta-glucuronidase, showed the same releasing pattern in both types of cells, but peroxidase was hardly released. Although superoxide anion generation in peritoneal neutrophils was two times higher than superoxide generation in blood neutrophils, phagocytic and bactericidal activities were almost the same in blood and peritoneal neutrophils. Blood neutrophils were more resistant to hypotonic lysis than were peritoneal neutrophils. These results show that there are no distinct differences in enzymatic and functional properties between blood and peritoneal polymorphonuclear neutrophils, except for alkaline phosphodiesterase activity, superoxide anion production, and osmotic fragility.
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PMID:Biochemical properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from venous blood and peritoneal exudates of rabbits. 626 Jun 50

Reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus which causes a rapid neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular system. We derived six cell lines (1-3, 1-5, 2-10, 2-14, 2-16, and 2-20) from chicken spleen cells infected with REV-T. These cells can produce both the REV-T and its associated reticuloendotheliosis helper virus, REV-A. Histochemical analyses of these cells indicate that, while they are not stained by benzidine, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase or acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, they contain a high proportion (95%) of cells positive for acid phosphatase. Light and electron microscopic studies of these cells also revealed morphologies of lymphoblasts or activated lymphocytes with irregular nuclei and dispersed chromatin. Immunochemical analyses indicate that essentially all (90 to 100%) of the cells contain the surface marker Ia, but no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G could be detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results also show that some of these cell lines contain a low level of terminal transferase (0.02 to 0.17 unit/10(9) cells), and a proportion (3 to 35%) of these cells can be stained by an antiserum directed against chicken bursa cells. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the cells transformed by the highly oncogenic REV-T are lymphoid in nature. In addition, at least some of these cell clones may contain features characteristic of activated B-lymphocytes. Analysis of these cell clones indicates that some cell lines contain an adherent and nonadherent population with some differences in morphologies. In addition, electron microscopic examination revealed that, while the non-adherent cells are actively producing type C viruses, type C viruses are either absent or very rare in the adherent cell populations. These results support the conclusion that some of these cell lines are heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with differences in their ability to produce viruses.
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PMID:Morphological, immunological, and biochemical analyses of chicken spleen cells transformed in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T. 628 48

We describe a patient whose peripheral blood neutrophils and bone marrow precursors (beyond promyelocytes) contained multiple large azurophilic granules. There were also giant granules in eosinophils, basophils, melanocytes, renal tubules, thyroid, and neurones, but not lymphocytes or monocytes. His clinical course included recurrent (ultimately fatal) infections and severe neurologic impairment. Immunofluorescent staining with fluoroscein- and rhodamine-conjugated antisera to primary and secondary granule markers showed virtually all of the granulocyte granules and rare monocyte granules to be fusion products containing both markers. Electron microscopy showed the granules to be large peroxidase-containing lysosomes. Only rare normal primary and secondary granules were present. Superoxide generation in response to opsonized zymosan was 7.3 nmole/min/10(6) cells (control 8.9); but in response to phorbol myristate acetate, only 2.2 (control 9.4). Nitroblue tetrazolium slides showed 3+ dye reduction in response to opsonized zymosan by 90% of granulocytes (control 91%) and to phorbol myristate acetate by 22% (control 99%), with 71% producing only a minimal 1+ response. Cellular contents of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated, but the percent release during exocytic degranulation was equivalent to control. Ingestion of complement-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and zymosan was also normal. Killing of Staphylococcus aureus was 60% at 90-min incubation (control 92%). Granulocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content was 4 pmole/10(7) cells (control 3.1). In order to determine whether these characteristics derived from the cells' genetic program or their environment, the patient's bone marrow was grown in long-term culture. Granulocytes produced in vitro demonstrated the same morphology, same defect in activation of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and same normal cyclic AMP level as those harvested from peripheral blood. These studies describe a new disorder of granulocytes; the structural similarity to, but biochemical differences from, Chediak-Higashi disease indicate the probable heterogeneity of mechanisms for the same morphological abnormality.
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PMID:Human neutrophil dysfunction with giant granules and defective activation of the respiratory burst. 630 85

In vitro protein synthesis, lysosomal hydrolases activity and peroxidase activity in the anterior pituitary were estimated in adult male rats treated with 50 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) for 1 day or 7 days. Pituitary protein synthesis, protein and RNA content increased after 7 days. A significant increase in total and membrane-bound acid phosphatase was noted after 1 day or 7 days of EB treatment whereas total beta-glucuronidase activity decreased in both 1 and 7 day group. Cathepsin activity increased after 7 days and pituitary peroxidase system did not change by EB treatment. These findings suggest that immediate change in the enzyme milieu may be one of the first reactions by which EB expresses its feedback control.
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PMID:Estradiol benzoate induced changes in protein synthesis and lysosomal hydrolases in the pituitary of male rats. 631 2

The heterogeneity of human neutrophil granules, particularly of azurophil granules, defined as peroxidase containing, was examined by measuring N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in fractions of isopycnic sucrose gradients of such granules. Neutrophil granules were prepared from normal human blood, monodispersed in heparinized sucrose, and centrifuged by established methods. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was previously shown to be exquisitely sensitive to small amounts of heparin; paradoxically, larger amounts restore activity. The inhibition is reversed with protamine. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity had its peak at density 1.20 gm/ml (band B) and a lesser peak at density 1.22 gm/ml (band A). Mean specific enzyme activity was 899 +/- 217 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein in gradient fraction 12 (band B), and 507 +/- 149 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein in fraction 8 (band A) (p less than 0.01), which correlated in part to the significantly higher protein content in band A. These specific activities are 31-fold and 17-fold greater, respectively, then mean neutrophil lysate specific activity of 28.8 +/- 7.0 nmol p-nitrophenol released per minute per milligram protein, indicating a considerable concentration of granule enzyme activity in these gradient bands. The gradient distribution of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase is nearly identical to that of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase, thus providing another enzyme marking the existence of two populations of azurophil granules, separable by density. Of total gradient enzyme activity, the mean percentage distribution of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the pellet was 0.3%. Because the mean percentage of total gradient activity in the pellet was on an order of magnitude higher for myeloperoxidase (4.7%), beta-glucuronidase (3.7%), lysozyme (3.9%), and protein (2.8%), our data suggest that N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has a possibly unique site within or an affinity to one or both of the two populations of azurophilic granules that is distinct from that for myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase.
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PMID:Human neutrophil N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: granule localization. Further evidence for two azurophil granules. 633 Feb 50


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