Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of rats were given a fibre-free diet containing none or one of the three fibre components: pectin, cellulose or galactomannan. After feeding for 16 weeks, total protein level and beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity in the contents and mucosa of jejunum and ileum, and in the contents only of the caecum, were determined. The pectin supplement reduced protein concentration in jejunal contents while cellulose reduced protein concentration in the ileal and caecal contents. beta-Glucuronidase activity of caecal contents was significantly reduced in both the pectin- and cellulose-fed groups. Cellulose affected the beta-glucuronidase activity of both the ileal contents while pectin reduced the beta-glucuronidase of the ileal but not the jejunal contents. Dietary fibre components did not significantly affect jejunal or ileal mucosal beta-glucuronidase activity.
 ...
PMID:Cellulose and pectin alter intestinal beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) in the rat. 406 5

There is a need for better understanding of the roles of dietary fats and fibers in colon cancer risk. We examined the effect of different dietary fiber and fat sources on an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in rats. In a 2 x 3 factorial design, rats were fed a semipurified diet containing soy-derived fiber (Fibrim), alpha-cellulose (Solkafloc) or resistant starch (RS; Hi-maize) at 10 g dietary fiber/100 g diet, combined with fish oil (FO) or sunflower seed oil (SSO) at 10 g/100 g diet, and lard added to all diets at 10 g/100 g, to provide a total of 20 g mixed fat/100 g diet. Sprague-Dawley rats (28 d of age) consumed diets for 4 wk and then two doses of AOM (15 mg/kg body) were administered 1 wk apart by subcutaneous injection. Rats were killed after 13 wk of consuming experimental diets. Colons were fixed in formalin and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were quantified after staining. ACF counts were higher (+66%, P < 0.01) in rats fed SSO and RS, than in those fed alpha-cellulose and FO. Rats fed FO had 19% fewer ACF than those fed SSO (P < 0.05). alpha-Cellulose was associated with the highest cecal butyrate concentration (P < 0.001), the highest beta-glucuronidase specific activity (P < 0.001) and the lowest cecal water cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) relative to soy fiber- and RS-fed rats. There were inverse correlations between the number of ACF and cecal butyrate concentration (r = -0.33, P < 0.05) and between cecal water cytotoxicity and beta-glucuronidase activity (r = -0.70, P < 0.001). The greatest protection was associated with alpha-cellulose as the fiber source and FO as the fat source as measured by colon ACF numbers in rats.
 ...
PMID:A diet containing alpha-cellulose and fish oil reduces aberrant crypt foci formation and modulates other possible markers for colon cancer risk in azoxymethane-treated rats. 1216 81

The effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on cecal enzyme activity was studied. Adult male Wistar rats were fed a fiber-free diet supplemented with 5% cellulose, a 5% mixture (1:1) of cellulose and FOS or 5% FOS as a source of fiber for 4 weeks. The cecal content was used to measure azoreductase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, nitrate reductase and nitroreductase activities. Cellulose-fed diet increased significantly body weight gain, food intake and fecal stool weight compared to FOS-fed diet. No differences in food intake between FOS-containing diets were found. FOS-containing diets showed statistically higher weight of cecal content and weight of cecal wall compared with the cellulose group. There were significant differences in cecal enzyme activities between cellulose-fed rats and FOS-fed rats. Cellulose-FOS-fed diet decreased significantly nitroreductase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase enzymes, but did not differ statistically in azoreductase and nitrate reductase compared with the control group. FOS-fed diet increased significantly reductive enzymes and decreased hydrolytic enzymes compared with the cellulose group. The incorporation of cellulose in diet seems to affect the prebiotic effect of FOS, since both cellulose and FOS are possible substrates for bifidobacteria proliferation. The results suggest that a mixture of cellulose and FOS as a source of dietary fiber could have a healthier effect on bacterial enzyme activities than each type of dietary fiber alone.
 ...
PMID:Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides and cellulose on cecal enzyme activities in rats. 1246 25

Cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) are characterized by their ability to strongly bind to different forms of cellulose. This study examined the use of a recombinant CBD fused to the reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase (CBD-GUS) to determine the extent of removal of the water-repellent waxy component of cotton fiber cuticles following hydrolytic treatment, i.e., scouring. The CBD-GUS test displayed higher sensitivity and repeatability than conventional water absorb techniques applied in the textile industry. Increases in the levels of CBD-GUS bound to the exposed cellulose correlated to increases in the fabric's hydrophilicity as a function of the severity of the scouring treatment applied, clearly indicating that the amount of bound enzyme increases proportionally with the amount of available binding sites. The binding of CBD-GUS also gave measurable and repeatable results when used on untreated or raw fabrics in comparison with conventional water drop techniques. The quantitative response of the reaction as bound enzyme activity was optimized for fully wettable fabrics. A minimal free enzyme concentration-to-swatch weight ratio of 75:1 was found to be necessary to ensure enzyme saturation (i.e., a linear response), corresponding to a free enzyme-to-bound enzyme ratio of at least 3:5.
 ...
PMID:A new method for measuring scouring efficiency of natural fibers based on the cellulose-binding domain-beta-glucuronidase fused protein. 1473 62

A model experiment was performed on rats to evaluate the effect of partial or total substitution of saccharose (S) and cellulose (C) by preparations of lactulose and inulin on the development and metabolism of the caecum. In the experimental diets given to rats for 4 weeks, the examined preparations were administered either with an equivalent amount of cellulose (each at 4% of the diet) or as sole source of dietary fibre at 8% of the diet. Compared to the saccharose group cellulose had no effect, and low doses of lactulose and inulin in the diet increased to a medium extent the weight of the caecum wall and caecal digesta. The addition of lactulose and inulin at 8% increased significantly the content of caecal digesta (4.62 and 4.11 g/100g BW, respectively) and the weight of the caecal wall (1.10 and 0.86 g/100g BW, respectively), compared to the groups with saccharose and cellulose (0.73, 0.90 and 0.24, 0.28 g/100g BW, respectively). Cellulose and cellulose partially-substituted with lactulose and inulin caused an increase in the dry matter content of caecal digesta (26.5-27.5%), compared to other groups (21.8-22.8%). The administration of lactulose and inulin preparations was accompanied by a significant drop in pH (5.47-5.81), compared to the groups with cellulose or saccharose (6.83-6.91), and a decrease in the ammonia concentration in the caecal digesta, compared to the cellulose control (0.27-0.40 and 0.62 mg/g, respectively). The group with 8% lactulose was characterized by the highest activities of microbiological alpha- and beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase in the caecal digesta. Cellulose and both preparations significantly decreased the activity of beta-glucuronidase, compared to the saccharose group (0.39-0.89 and 1.52 U/g, respectively). The highest concentration of VFA in the caecal digesta was observed in the saccharose group (89.2 micromol/g), and the lowest concentration in the group where cellulose was totally substituted by lactulose and inulin (55.1 and 57.5 micromol/g, respectively). The total production of VFA in the caecum was fourfold higher with 8 % lactulose and inulin (254.7 and 236.4 micromol/100g BW, respectively) than in both controls groups (65.1 and 67.8 micromol/100g BW, respectively). The high dose of inulin and lactulose increased the share of propionic acid in the VFA profile (C2:C3:C4) compared to both control groups. When 4% inulin was added to the diet a significant increase of butyrate concentration in the caecum was observed.
 ...
PMID:Physiological effects of lactulose and inulin in the caecum of rats. 1508 67

Three assays were developed to enumerate total and fecal Escherichia coli and total Vibrionaceae in shellfish, seawater, and other foods and environmental samples. Assays involve membrane overlays of overnight colonies on nonselective agar plates to detect beta-glucuronidase and lysyl aminopeptidase activities for E. coli and Vibrionaceae, respectively. Cellulose membranes containing the substrates 4-methylumbeferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) produced a bright blue fluorescence when overlaid onto E. coli, while L-lysyl-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin produced green fluorescent foci when overlaid onto Vibrionaceae family members. A multiplex assay was also developed for simultaneously enumerating total E. coli and total Vibrionaceae in oysters and seawater. Overall, 65% of overlaid E. coli (non-O157:H7) were MUG-positive, compared with 62% as determined by the most-probable-number-MUG assay. The overlays are rapid, simple, and cost effective for quantification purposes. This research provides practical alternatives for monitoring bacterial indicators and potential pathogens in complex samples, including molluscan shellfish.
 ...
PMID:Fluorogenic Membrane Overlays to Enumerate Total and Fecal Escherichia coli and Total Vibrionaceae in Shellfish and Seawater. 2039 63