Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biochemical effects of the nonsteroidal compound Centchroman were observed in healthy, adult, female rhesus monkeys. The compound was administered at the antifertility dose (.625 mg/kg) for 22 days in a cycle. No marked weight changes were seen in the Fallopian tube, ovary, adrenal or pituitary as a result of treatment. Uterine weight increased significantly, however (p less than .01). In the Fallopian tube, levels of glycogen and protein increased significantly (p less than .01), lactic acid decreased significantly (p less than .01), and nonprotein nitrogen was unchanged as a result of treatment. Similar changes were observed in the uterus, and in addition, total total phospholipid concentration rose significantly (p less than .01) in the uterus. The activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the Fallopian tube were unchanged due to treatment. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and malic dehydrogenase activities were significantly stimulated (p less than .01) and lactic dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed (p less than .01). In the uterus, beta-glucuronidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were unaltered, however, the activities of ATPase and the dehydrogenases of glucose-6-phosphate, lactate and malate were markedly increased (p less than .01). It is suggested that the antifertility effect of Centchroman may be due principally to the ability of the compound to elicit estrogen-like responses in the Fallopian tube and uterus.
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PMID:Effect of 3,4-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-P-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl -7-methoxy chroman (centchroman) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). 12 88

The effects of the nonsteroidal title compound (DBF) on the biochemical composition of the Fallopian tube and uterus were studied in the rhesus monkey. Monkeys received 2 mg/kg daily by mouth, which is the antifertility dose. The weight of the pituitary was significantly decreased (p less than .05) due to treatment, but the weights of the Fallopian tube, uterus, ovary and adrenal were unaltered. In both the Fallopian tube and uterus, DBF induced a significant increase (p less than .01) in the concentration of glycogen, protein and nonprotein nitrogen, and a significant decrease (p less than .01) in the concentration of lactic acid. The total phospholipid level in the uterus showed an increase (p less than .01) in the activities of adenasine triphosphatase (ATPase), malic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) was seen. Lactic dehydrogenase activity fell (p less than .01) and the activity of beta-glucuronidase was unchanged. In the uterus, ATPase, malic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activities increased significantly (p less than .01), beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities fell (p less than .01) and G-6-PD activity was unaltered. The antifertility effect of DBF may be due to its ability to elicit many biochemical effects similar to those induced by a typical estrogen.
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PMID:Effect of 2-phenyl-3-p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl-beta-methoxy benzofuran hydrochloride (DBF) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 12 89

In this first paper of a series comparing the membranes of normal lymphocyte populations from male outbred Syrian hamsters with those of neoplastic transformants (GD 248) induced by simian virus 40, a method is described for the isolation of representative plasma membrane (PM) fragments from both cell types. Multiple criteria were used to monitor the purity and yield of PM material after cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation and after membrane fractionation by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopyknic ultracentrifugation in dextran density gradients. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination before cell disruption was used as an extrinsic surface marker; Na+,K+-activated ATPase, as well as alkaline phosphatase, was used as intrinsic functional PM markers. The distribution of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during fractionation was monitored by the measurement of DNA, succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, respectively. According to the three PM markers employed, a 15- to 20-fold purification (over homogenate) and a PM yield of about 65% were obtained for both cell categories, with negligible contamination by DNA, mitochondria, lysosomes, and er. The procedure also allowed recovery of 60% of the mitochondria free of other cell elements.
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PMID:Membranes of normal hamster lymphocytes and lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40. I. High-yield purification of plasma membrane fragments. 18 92

Platelets contain a polypeptide growth factor that stimulates the replication of normal connective tissue cells; this platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is released during the clotting process. Human platelets from normal volunteers were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation, and the subcellular organelles were fractionated by ultracentrifugation through a 30%--60% sucrose gradient. Electron microscopy revealed that fraction 7 (density 1.23 g/liter) contained the largest number of alpha granules. The specific activity of platelet fibrinogen, an alpha-granule marker, was also highest in this fraction. The subcellular fractions were assay for the presence of PDGF and for beta-thromboglobulin. PDGF was assayed quantitatively by the stimulation of DNA synthesis in confluent growth-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells, whereas the concentration of beta-thromboglobulin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations of both PDGF and beta-thromboglobulin were found in the alpha-granule fraction. In contrast, beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, was more diffusely distributed and had its highest specific activity in fractions of lower density than those for PDGS, beta-thromboglobulin, or fibrinogen. The data demonstrate that the alpha granules of platelets provide a unique delivery system for PDGF, a polypeptide hormone with growth-promoting activity for connective tissue cells.
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PMID:Platelet alpha granules contain a growth factor for fibroblasts. 44 48

Dogs were given gentamicin (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 8 hr for 10 days. Levels of serum creatinine rose by day 6 (0.91 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.02 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05) and of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 (24.3 +/- 4.80 vs. 16.1 +/- 0.90 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity occurred earlier and was more marked when furosemide (2 mg/kg) was added: the level of serum creatinine by day 6 was 1.62 +/- 0.25 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), and the level of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 was 181 +/- 23.5 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). Elevations in the activities of the urinary enzymes beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and muramidase preceded rises in levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Examination of serial percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed that gentamicin administration was associated with hyaline droplet degeneration, lysosomal changes, and, later, cell necrosis (primarily of the proximal tubules). Changes in renal morphology were more severe and occurred earlier when furosemide was administered concomitantly. In summary, furosemide enhanced gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Enzymuria was an early sign of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Furosemide enhancement of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: comparison of functional and morphological changes with activities of urinary enzymes. 50 Nov 48

1. The total content of neutral sugars in skin of the weanling albino rats kept on the protein-deficient diet was increased by about 40%; this was mainly due to the increased concentration of galactose. The content of sialic acid was increased by about 20%. The collagen nitrogen was decreased significantly, with a concomitant increase of non-collagen nitrogen. At the same time, the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in skin was significantly decreased and that of non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans was increased. 2. Protein-deficient diet enhanced the activities of the protein-bound carbohydrate-degrading lysosomal hydrolases, viz. cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4.23), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) both in liver and skin. The activity of liver hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35) was also increased upon limitation of protein supply. 3. The changes observed in skin were accompanied by increased concentration of the protein-bound hexoses, hexosamines and sialic acids in serum, and of hexosamine and uronic acid in urine. The serum fucose remained unchanged.
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PMID:Effect of protein deficiency on the metabolism of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in albino rat skin. 54 53

The activity of beta-glucuronidase (BG) was tested cytochemically in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood of rats exposed to a mixture of nitrogen oxides (1.22 mg/m3) and chlorine (1.02 mg/m3) for 12 weeks. The number of lymphocytes was reduced, the activity of BG was depressed and the enzyme was shifted from the lysosomes to the cytoplasm of these cells. A relation between the changes in the lymphocytes at the subcellular level and the immunological responses of the organism are discussed.
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PMID:Changes of beta-glucuronidase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats exposed to a mixture of nitrogen oxides and chlorine. 75 46

"Capacitase," a product combining beta-amylase and beta-glucuronidase, was compatible with survival of bull spermatozoa frozen in whole milk-glycerol extender at final concentrations per ml of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mug of beta-amylase combined with 0, 75, 150, and 300 units of beta-glucuronidase, respectively. Bull semen was frozen in whole milk-glycerol extender containing the three lower concentrations of enzymes tested in the previous trial and used to inseminate 9057 first-service cows within 4 mo of freezing. The 60- to 90-day percent nonreturns were 74.6, 75.6, and 75.0. The same treatments plus a fourth one containing 10 mug of catalase per ml were fertility tested in another trial. Insemination of 16,842 cows resulted in 75.6, 74.1, 74.6, and 74.2% nonreturns. In this trial semen was held immersed in liquid nitrogen and distributed for immediate use each mo for 6 mo. There was no change in fertility during 6 mo of continuous storage at --196 C. Under the conditions tested neither catalase nor beta-amylase with beta-glucuronidase enhanced fertility of frozen bull semen.
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PMID:Fertility of bull semen frozen with beta-amylase, beta-glucuronidase, and catalase. 99 19

1. In previous studies a rat inhalation model was developed to investigate the treatment of acute nitrogen dioxide (NO2) intoxication. 2. Biochemical parameters, which may be important for the evaluation of lung injury and repair, were reviewed and compared with the histology. 3. After exposure to high NO2 concentrations (75 ppm, 125 ppm or 175 for 10 min) the lung injury observed by light microscope was most pronounced after 24 h and became worse with increasing concentration. 4. The most sensitive indicators for lung injury in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were protein and albumin concentrations, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, beta-glucuronidase activity and the presence of neutrophil leucocytes. The changes observed in these variables were dose-dependent. Following exposure to 175 ppm the protein and albumin concentrations and the angiotensin converting enzyme activity showed a 100-fold increase, while the beta-glucuronidase activity showed a 10-fold increase. 5. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase in the supernatant of lung homogenate and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in BAL are likely to be the most practical parameters for monitoring the phase of repair because their activities were maximal at the moment histological changes were reduced in intensity. 6. Repair was almost complete 7 d following exposure.
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PMID:Biochemical and histological alterations in rats after acute nitrogen dioxide intoxication. 135 14

Seven hrp loci that are essential for the hypersensitive reaction elicited by Erwinia amylovora were transcriptionally fused with a derivative of transposon Tn5, containing the promoterless Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The seven hrp fusions were used to monitor expression of the hrp loci in vitro and in planta. No significant expression was detected in rich medium for any of the fusions. However, five of them were expressed highly in planta and in inducing medium that contains mannitol, salts, and 5 mM (NH4)2SO4. Expression of these five hrp loci is regulated by ammonium, nicotinic acid, complex-nitrogen sources, certain carbon sources, temperature, and pH. Under well-defined conditions, i.e., in inducing medium, no specific plant components were required for transcriptional activation of the hrp loci. The high levels of expression detected in vitro were comparable to those determined during the development of the hypersensitive reaction in tobacco. Differential levels of expression of the hrp loci occurred in host and nonhost plants. In pear, a host plant, expression of the hrp loci was delayed and greatly reduced compared with expression in tobacco leaves, a nonhost.
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PMID:Expression of Erwinia amylovora hrp genes in response to environmental stimuli. 137 13


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