Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Macrophages were obtained by pulmonary lavage from normal rabbits or rabbits that had developed pulmonary granulomas after receiving intravenous BCG vaccine 2-3 weeks earlier. The cells were disrupted in iso-osmotic sucrose and a low-speed supernatant was fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on a linear sucrose density gradient. Three populations of hydrolase-containing granules (putative lysosomes) were found in both normal and BCG-induced macrophages. They were distinguished by their different distributions in the gradient and different sensitivities to disruption by digitonin and were termed:type A, containing lysozyme; type B, containing N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glactosidase, beta-glucuronidase and possibly some lysozyme; type C, containing cathepsin D. Acid phosphatase appeared to be about equally distributed between type B and C granules. Type A and B granules from BCG-induced macrophages showed markedly greater equilibrium density than did those from normal macrophages. Beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase had greater specific activity in the induced cells.
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PMID:Analytical subcellular fractionation of alveolar macrophages from normal and BCG-vaccinated rabbits with particular reference to heterogeneity of hydrolase-containing granules. 45 80

The effect of pyran copolymer, injected into mice bearing the M109 Madison lung carcinoma, on serum concentrations of lysozyme, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta, D-glucosaminidase was studied and compared with that of other immunoadjuvants. Increases in lysozyme levels ranging from 50 to 100% were observed after injection of pyran, BCG and Bru-Pel; increases in the levels of the other enzymes were less consistent. Other immunoadjuvants were less effective in raising serum concentrations of lysosomal enzymes. The findings were correlated with the results of previous studies on macrophage activation and antineoplastic action produced by these immunoadjuvants and suggest that serum levels of lysozyme can serve as indices of these effects.
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PMID:Effect of macrophage activation by immunoadjuvants on serum levels of lysosomal hydrolases in mice. 55 9

The effects of a toxic dose of Mycoplasma fermentans on levels of lysosomal enzymes in mice were examined. Washed cell suspensions (approximately 10(10) colony-forming units) of a recent isolate of M. fermentans were injected intraperitoneally into 3- to 4-week-old BALB mice, and levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were monitored in liver, spleen, thymus, and serum. Levels of acid phosphatase remained essentially normal, but levels of beta-glucuronidase were markedly evevated in serum and to a lesser extent in liver and thymus. The peak response of serum beta-glucuronidase was noted at 8 h postinjection, with a level of 30 mug of phenolphthalein released per ml per h, representing a six-fold increase over control levels. Pretreatment with BCG did not potentiate the effect as it did with endotoxin. The implication of this increased lysosomal enzyme activity in "lethal toxicity" is that that the increase may be secondary to some other cytotoxic event, or that the affinity of mycoplasmas for biological membranes may be involved. The data suggest that the role of lysosomal enzymes in other models of mycoplasma-induced disease should be evaluated.
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PMID:Levels of lysosomal enzymes in tissues of mice infected with Mycoplasma fermentans. 109 4

Pulmonary macrophages from BCG-induced granulomas were separated according to their densities into six fractions by the use of discontinuous gradients of Percoll. A comparative study of distribution profiles of lavaged rabbit alveolar cells obtained 16 or 28 days after vaccination revealed that 16 days after vaccination there were small numbers of low-density cells (fractions 1 and 2) and large numbers of high-density cells (fractions 4 and 5). In contrast, 28 days after vaccination there was a marked increase in the numbers of macrophages in fractions 1 and 2 and relatively small numbers of high-density cells in fractions 4 and 5. Macrophages of fractions 1 and 2 (densities of 1.030-1.050) were large and mature in appearance and expressed low levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. Although macrophages in fraction 1 commonly showed signs of degeneration, they were the most active in terms of reducing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Macrophages of fractions 3 and 4 (densities of 1.050-1.068) were smaller, appeared intact and fully mature, showed no signs of degeneration, and expressed the highest levels of the above enzymes, although their ability to reduce NBT was less than that in cells from fractions 1 and 2. The cells of fractions 5 and 6 (densities of 1.068-1.074) were small, expressed low levels of the above enzymes, and their ability to reduce NBT was minimal. These results indicate that density may be a reliable correlate of the maturity of macrophages harvested from BCG-induced granulomas.
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PMID:Characterization and maturation of alveolar macrophages procured from BCG-induced pulmonary granulomas. 407 52

Systemic infection of mice with Mycobacterium BCG leads to focal liver damage by producing many granulomas. By undefined mechanisms, this infection markedly enhances the animal's susceptibility to the lethal effect of endotoxin. Small doses of endotoxin given to BCG-infected mice were found to cause acute hepatic damage, as demonstrated by elevated activities of liver enzymes in serum and by morphologic alterations documented by light and electron microscopy and by histochemical technics. The morphologic alterations caused by endotoxin included glycogen depletion, mitochondrial swelling, disruption of the continuity of sinusoidal endothelium and focal injury characterized by marked vacuolization of hepatocytes and distension and fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Histochemical studies revealed the apparent release of acid phosphatase from granules in the central portions of granulomas, and the release of beta-glucuronidase from the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.
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PMID:Endotoxin-induced hepatic damage in BCG-infected mice. 455 21

Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood responded with increased thromboplastin expression upon stimulation in vitro with three mycobacterial antigens: tuberculin purified protein derivative and sonicates of Mycobacterium boviS BCG and Mycobacterium leprae. The stimulating principle of mycobacteria is probably a cell wall constituent since crude extracts of cell walls were 2.5 to 25 times more potent in stimulating thromboplastin synthesis than were whole sonicates. This thromboplastin response was inhibited by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, dexamethasone, and agents that caused elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP. The presence of lymphocytes did not enhance the monocyte thromboplastin response significantly during the first 24 h of incubation. For M. bovis BCG and M. leprae sonicates, the thromboplastin response correlated with general activating effects measured by determining the release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase. The role of thromboplastin in chronic inflammatory reactions is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of purified protein derivative and sonicates of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium bovis BCG on thromboplastin response in human monocytes in vitro. 618 26

Not only in the experimental leprosy, primary aim to make every experimental model crucial for the medical research has been the simulation of the aspect of disease encountered in human case by the simplest possible way. The present study was conducted to do so making some variations in addition to the experimental lepromata, produced in nude mice by Sasaki et al. and by Hamit, utilizing a leproma-derived and cultivated Mycobacterium HI-75 (HI-75). In this study HI-75, Mycobacterium bovip BCG (BCG) and female SPF ddY(ddY) were utilized to make experimental models. In addition to these combinations, the effect of the immunization of beta-glucuronidase binding protein (BGBP) to the lesion was also examined. The BGBP extracted from pisum sativum and utilized in this study shows cross-immunoreactivity with those of HI-75 and M. leprae. As the results, the lesions caused by HI-75 and BCG were somewhat resembling though HI-75 caused a little more extensive lesions especially in lymphocytic and monocytic infiltration. Also HI-75 caused distinct nerve lesions(NL) in which the bacilli were often encountered in the endoneurium but not in those by BCG. Contrarily in mice immunized with BGBP, the lesions were only a little milder and the affected tissue was a little fibrosed. However, in NL the solid form HI-75 were more often observed in the endoneurium. The results indicated that the effect of BGBP immunization on the HI-75 induced lesion was not very clear by the present study alone, however, the proposed models itself should be and will become very useful, for experimental leprology with only slight modifications.
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PMID:[On the lesions caused by a leproma-derived and cultivated Mycobacterium HI-75 produced in ddY mice. With special reference to a factor influencing the lesions and the differences from those by BCG]. 951 47

Experiments are reported dealing with the increase of lysosomal acid hydrolases induced by BCG infection. Acid hydrolases were determined quantitatively in peritoneal MP, liver homogenate, and plasma of normal and BCG-infected mice. A significant increase of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin was found in MP and liver homogenate of BCG-infected mice. In plasma also a significant increase of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was noticed. The results of the determination of the enzymes in centrifugally separated subcellular fractions of liver homogenate indicated clearly that the acid hydrolases associated mainly with the "large granular" fraction, which consists of mitochondria, lysosomes, and microsomes and that infection with BCG caused significant increase of the enzymes specifically in this fraction. Differences in the pattern of location among centrifugally separated fraction of liver homogenate were observed between acid phosphatase and the other two acid hydrolases. MP cultured in vitro doubled their acid phosphatases content within 24 hours, whereas beta-glucuronidase rather decreased in the same cells.
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PMID:LYSOSOMAL ACID HYDROLASES IN MICE INFECTED WITH BCG. 1427 27

Experiments are reported dealing with the correlation between activities of lysosomal acid hydrolases and hyperreactivity to endotoxin induced by BCG infection. Acid hydrolases were determined quantitatively in peritoneal MP, liver homogenate, and plasma of normal and hyperreactive mice. Mice infected with BCG not only exhibited a hyperreactive state to lethal effect of endotoxin, but also responded to endotoxin by rapid increase of acid hydrolases, especially of beta-glucuronidase, in the plasma; whereas control mice responded to endotoxin by almost no change in plasma acid hydrolases. The extent of increase of beta-glucuronidase in plasma of hyperreactive mice was shown to correlate fairly well with the degree of hyperreactivity to the lethal effect of endotoxin. Desensitization of such animals with endotoxin was found to cause a decreased response of plasma beta-glucuronidase parallel with decreased mortality. A large amount of PPD exerted the similar effect to that of endotoxin in hyperreactive mice. Furthermore, the effect of PPD was decreased by desensitization of such animals with endotoxin, a fact which suggests contamination of PPD with endotoxin.
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PMID:LYSOSOMAL ACID HYDROLASES AND HYPERREACTIVITY TO ENDOTOXIN IN MICE INFECTED WITH BCG. 1427 28