Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a plastic and a copper IUD on the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase in the rabbit endo mentrium during early pseudopregnancy was investigated. The activities of the 2 lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were increased in surface epithelial cells in the presence of both types of IUDs. The alkaline phosphatase activity was almost completely abolished in endometrial cells exposed to the copper IUD and in surface and glandular epithelial cells in uterine horns.
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PMID:Effect of a copper and a plastic IUD on the histochemistry of endometrial enzymes in the rabbit during early pseudopregnancy. 93 89

The enzymes acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.133) and beta-glucuronidase (E.C. 3.2.1.31) have been demonstrated in dentin-resorbing cells by means of histochemistry. Addition of specific enzyme inhibitros revealed that the acid phosphatase of these cells was sensitive to fluride, copper, and m?OLYBDATE BUT RESISTANT TO Tartrate. The same pattern of enzyme activity has previously been found in bone-resorbing cells.
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PMID:Histochemical demonstration of acid hydrolase activity in internal dentinal resorption. 106 36

Sodium/copper chlorophyllin (CHL) is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll that exhibits antimutagenic activity in several short-term genotoxicity assays and inhibits carcinogen-DNA binding in vivo. The effect of CHL pretreatment on the excretion of mutagens in the urine and feces of male Sprague-Dawley rats has been studied using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Animals were given 1 percent CHL in the drinking water for 2 days before administering a single dose of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by oral gavage. Rats pretreated with CHL had higher levels of mutagens in the urine and feces compared with animals given IQ alone; 48 hr after IQ administration, the total mutagenic dose excreted was < 4% in controls vs. 18% in rats given CHL. Mutagenicity required the presence of an activation system, was unaffected by treatment with beta-glucuronidase or arylsulfatase, and in both the urine and feces was accounted for by increased elimination of unmetabolized parent compound. The results support the view that CHL may operate in vivo as a "desmutagen" or interceptor molecule, interacting with IQ in the gut and tissues, and reducing carcinogen bioavailability.
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PMID:Chlorophyllin-enhanced excretion of urinary and fecal mutagens in rats given 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline. 139 10

An acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity associated with a fraction containing mitochondria and lysosomes from rat lactating mammary glands was found to have a pH optimum of 5.0. Its sedimentation pattern was closely related to that of the lysosomal enzyme markers acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, suggesting that the activity is associated with the lysosomes. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, but was inhibited little by other divalent metal ions. Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was almost completely abolished by p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate, but this effect was reversed in the presence of an equimolar concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating that the enzyme requires free sulfhydryl groups for activity. These properties are similar to those of acid, lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolases found in other tissues. Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was 8-14 fold higher in mammary tissue from lactating as compared to virgin rats. Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activities associated with the microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions were also increased in lactating glands, but to a lesser extent. In addition, a 2-fold increase in the activities of both the acid and microsomal neutral enzymes was seen during the first few days of lactation, while the cytosolic neutral activity remained constant. These results suggest that mammary gland cholesteryl ester hydrolases have a role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in mammary cells, and in the provision of cholesterol for secretion into milk.
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PMID:Cholesterol metabolism in the rat lactating mammary gland: the role of cholesteryl ester hydrolase. 180 94

The present work deals with the histochemical, histoenzymological and micro-analytical study of the stomach of Littorina Littorea (L.). The results suggest the existence of intracellular digestion within the stomach cells. Thus, the occurrence of lysosomes in the mid-cytoplasm of stomach cells has been revealed by demonstration beta-glucuronidase activity in cryostat sections of frozen tissues. Other enzymatic activities have been proved with the same tissues. Accordingly, the results on lipid and pigment histochemistry indicate a certain digestion in this cell type. Mucocytes show a protective role for the epithelium, their main secretions being acid MPS. The elemental composition of electron dense concretions from the stomach cells indicate the presence of very high amounts of iron associated to lower peaks for sulphur, phosphorous and other cations found as calcium, copper and zinc.
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PMID:Histochemistry and elemental composition of the stomach cells in Littorina littorea (L.). 207 10

The effect of various metals on uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activities in rat liver microsomes was investigated. The presence of Mn2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, V5+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu+ or Ca2+ (20 microM) in the enzyme reaction mixture did not cause a significant alteration of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in hepatic microsomes. Of these metals, Zn2+ and Cd2+ (20 microM) caused a remarkable increase in hepatic microsomal beta-glucuronidase activity. Appreciable effects of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on beta-glucuronidase activity were seen at 5.0 microM, and the effects were saturated at 50 microM. Ca2+ (5.0-50 microM) and/or the Ca2(+)-binding protein regucalcin (2.0 microM) did not have an appreciable effect on UDP-glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activities in hepatic microsomes. Thus, Zn2+ and Cd2+ uniquely increased beta-glucuronidase activity. The Zn2(+)- and Cd2(+)-induced increase in beta-glucuronidase activity was completely reversed by the presence of an SH group-protecting reagent (dithiothreitol). The response of the microsomal enzyme to Zn2+ and Cd2+ (20 microM) was no longer seen after treatment with 0.2% Triton X-100 [polyoxyethylene(10)octylphenyl ether], indicating that the stimulation by these metals is dependent on membrane association. The present study suggests that, of various metals tested, Zn2+ and Cd2+ can uniquely increase hepatic microsomal beta-glucuronidase activity and that their effect is based on binding to membranous SH groups, beside the enzyme protein.
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PMID:Effects of Ca2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ on uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activities in rat liver microsomes. 211 Aug 67

Trapping by magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules was utilized to investigate the influence in male rats of dose, human dietary composition and time-dependence on reactive metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; also, PEI microcapsules modified with copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid (CPTS) were tested in vivo for trapping of endogenous mutagens having planar molecular structure. In a preliminary experiment the PEI microcapsules were administered by gavage at 0, 24 and 48 h, with [14C]B[a]P at 2 h to chow-fed BDVI rats; microcapsules were recovered from faeces collected at 24, 48 and 72 h, and then subjected to an extraction sequence showing that the trapped B[a]P metabolites were inconsistent with B[a]P diol epoxide trapping (as previously found) and unaltered by elapsed time or 5-fold dose alteration of B[a]P. Then five groups of F344 rats were fed isocalorically either one of four low-fat human diets or rat chow; in order to investigate influences of diet both on B[a]P and endogenous mutagens, half of each group was tested at 2 weeks with this PEI microcapsule/[14C]B[a]P protocol and then at 3 weeks, PEI-CPTS microcapsules (two gavages). So as to provide a cross-over comparison, the other half of each group was first tested with PEI-CPTS microcapsules followed by PEI microcapsules/[14C]B[a]P 1 week later. The human diets were prepared from cooked British foods so as to simulate the adequate intake of all nutrients required by humans; but with 3-fold differences in intake levels of beef and dietary fibre non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), while ensuring the same intake of available energy, protein, fat and calcium. They gave very similar body-weight gains in the four groups but greatly reduced faecal weight, protein and total faecal enzyme activity compared with chow; the extraction pattern of microcapsule-trapped B[a]P metabolite radioactivity was not significantly altered. However, human diet consumption caused a 2- to 6-fold increase in B[a]P metabolite binding to microcapsules and reductions in microcapsule recovery, net 70-h B[a]P excretion, faecal protein and total activities for beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase; these effects were more pronounced after 3 weeks, presumably due to prolonged dietary adaptation. Increased NSP in human diets significantly increased the B[a]P metabolite excretion and marginally reduced the microcapsule binding. The increase in microcapsule binding of B[a]P metabolites, interpreted as reflecting an increased amount of reactive metabolites encountered, was related to the dietary intake weight ratio of beef/NSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Modulating effects in human diets of dietary fibre and beef, and of time and dose on the reactive microcapsule trapping of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in the rat gastrointestinal tract. 215 56

Genes encoding helianthinin, the major seed protein in sunflower, are highly regulated. We have identified putative cis-acting and trans-acting elements that may function in the control of helianthinin expression. A 404-base pair DNA fragment on the sunflower helianthinin gene HaG3D, located 322 base pairs from the transcriptional start site, enhanced beta-glucuronidase expression in transgenic tobacco embryos. Sequences within this fragment were found to bind nuclear proteins present in both sunflower embryo and hypocotyl nuclear extracts. The binding site was localized by phenanthroline-copper ion footprinting experiments to A/T-rich sequences located from -705 to -654. Binding competition experiments revealed that these sunflower proteins also bind to upstream promoter sequences from another helianthinin gene (HaG3A) and two other plant embryo-specific genes, carrot DcG3 and French bean phaseolin. However, sequences of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter/enhancer complex failed to compete for its binding. Phenanthroline-copper ion footprinting experiments showed that the binding sites for the sunflower proteins in HaG3A (-1463 to -1514 and -702 to -653) and in phaseolin (-671 to -627) are also very A/T-rich, have similar sizes, and are located at similar distances from their respective promoters.
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PMID:A sunflower helianthinin gene upstream sequence ensemble contains an enhancer and sites of nuclear protein interaction. 253 27

The effect of copper on the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites from starch elicited, rat, peritoneal macrophages was investigated. Copper sulphate, in the range 10(-6)-10(-5) M, inhibited the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and thromboxane (Tx) B2, the stable metabolite of TxA2, in a dose dependent manner but had no effect on the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable product of prostacyclin. At higher concentrations (5 x 10(-5) and 10(-4) M) the synthesis of all three metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) was stimulated as was the release of radioactivity from macrophages prelabelled with 14C AA. Copper had no effect on the metabolism of exogenous AA however. At 10(-4) M copper also stimulated secretion of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (GUR). Copper nitrate (10(-4) M), but not zinc sulphate, also stimulated eicosanoid formation and lysosomal enzyme release. Our results are consistent with the idea that copper stimulates eicosanoid formation via an effect on PL activity.
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PMID:Copper modulation of macrophage cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis. 312 17

Liver injury was induced by one subcutaneous administration of thioacetamide (200 mg/kg b.wt.) and studied 24 and 48 hrs later. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) increased after 24 and 48 hrs. The lysosomal enzymes beta-hexosaminidase (beta-NAG) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-GLU) increased significantly after 24 hrs, while the level of beta-GLU returned to normal after 48 hrs, but the activity of beta-NAG remained significantly high even after 48 hrs. Histopathological examination showed necrotic hepatocytes around the central vein with infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. The plasma zinc level decreased after 24 hrs and returned to normal after 48 hrs. Liver zinc content increased simultaneously at 24 hrs, returning to normal after 48 hrs. No alterations of plasma copper were observed after 24 and 48 hrs. Copper content of the liver increased significantly after 24 and 48 hrs. The present study thus shows that one dose of thioacetamide results in profound liver injury and supplementation of zinc prior to and simultaneously with thioacetamide normalized plasma zinc, increased liver zinc content and reduced the increase of beta-NAG, but did not influence the histological changes.
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PMID:Early biochemical and histological changes in rats exposed to a single injection of thioacetamide. 358 11


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