Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The interactions of B16-F1 and B16-F10 tumors with their surrounding tissues in terms of enzyme activities such as cathepsin B, hemoglobin(Hb)-hydrolase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and plasminogen activator were investigated when said tumors proliferated locally and at secondary sites throughout the host's circulatory system. 2. In the case of B16-F1 and B16-F10 tumor cells proliferating under the skin, statistical differences were not detected between the enzyme activities of the skin surrounding the tumors and control skin, nor between B16-F1 and B16-F10 tumors, except for beta-glucuronidase. 3. In the case of B16-F1 and B16-F10 tumor cells metastasizing to lung, statistical differences were detected between numerous enzyme activities of the lung tissues surrounding the tumors and control lung tissue, and also between B16-F1 and B16-F10 tumors. 4. The activities of cathepsin B and acid phosphatase of lung tissue surrounding B16-F1 tumor were lower than those of the control lung. 5. beta-Glucuronidase activity of lung tissue surrounding B16-F10 tumor was higher than that of the control lung. 6. The activities of cathepsin B, Hb-hydrolase and beta-glucuronidase of the B16-F10 tumor were higher than those of the B16-F1 tumor. 7. Results indicate that metastasized B16 melanoma tumor cells interact with surrounding lung tissues, and that cathepsin B, Hb-hydrolase and beta-glucuronidase might play important roles in the metastasis of the malignant tumor.
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PMID:Interaction of tumor and surrounding tissue of mice inoculated B16 melanoma variants in terms of enzyme activity. 266 66

Activities of a cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase have previously been observed to correlate with the malignancy of several animal and human tumors. Plasma membrane fractions of some of these tumors have been found to be enriched in cathepsin B-like activity. We have determined the subcellular distribution of this enzyme and three additional lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin H, beta-hexosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase) in normal murine liver and six metastatic variants of the B16 melanoma. The tissues were fractionated initially by differential centrifugation followed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation of the light mitochondrial fraction. Two fractions were obtained: an L-2 fraction enriched in all four lysosomal hydrolases; and an L-1 fraction enriched in a marker enzyme for the plasma membrane. Cathepsin B-like and beta-hexosaminidase activities, but not the other hydrolase activities, were also found to be enriched in the L-1 fractions of the metastatic B16 tumors. We explored the nature of the association of the cathepsin B-like activity with the plasma membrane using fractions from the spontaneously metastatic B16 amelanotic melanoma. Activity could not be dissociated from the plasma membrane fraction by washing with a physiological salt solution suggesting that it was not adsorbed to this fraction nonspecifically, nor could it be displaced by mannose 6-phosphate or other sugars which compete for binding to the known lysosomal receptors. High salt concentrations, low concentrations of the mild detergent saponin, mild acidification, or phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C did not elute the cathepsin B-like activity. However, activity was eluted by exposure to 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, a detergent used in the purification of integral membrane proteins. The B16 amelanotic melanoma plasma membrane-associated cathepsin B-like activity had a slightly higher pH optimum and was resistant to inactivation by neutral pH and to inhibition by three low molecular weight inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. The Ki values for inhibition by leupeptin and stefin A were 20-fold higher. The presence of a cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase at the surface of metastatic tumor cells, particularly in a form which can retain activity at physiological pH and retain activity in the presence of extracellular proteinase inhibitors, may contribute to the focal dissolution of the extracellular matrix observed at sites of contact with invading tumor cells.
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PMID:Properties of a plasma membrane-associated cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase in metastatic B16 melanoma variants. 282 39

Cultures of dissociated brain cells from 15-day-old fetal mice were grown in the presence and absence of 20 or 50 nM triiodothyronine (T3), 30 or 300 nM cortisol, and 30 nM cortisol plus 50 nM T3 added to chemically defined media or in media supplemented with 15% serum from control and hypothyroid calves. The specific activities of five lysosomal enzymes--N-acetyl galactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin B, and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I (DAP-I)--were higher in cells grown in calf serum than in cells grown in defined media. Of these enzymes, only DAP-I was elevated in activity when the cells were grown in hypothyroid calf serum instead of control calf serum. Elevation of DAP-I activity was reversed by addition of 20 nM T3 to hypothyroid calf serum. The enzymatic properties of DAP-I were similar whether the cells were grown in control or hypothyroid calf serum and were similar to those reported for human fibroblasts and the purified enzyme. When the cells were grown in defined media, cortisol decreased the activities of all lysosomal enzymes, with 300 nM cortisol being more effective than 30 nM cortisol. Addition of 50 nM T3 to 30 nM cortisol decreased DAP-I activity more than 30 nM cortisol alone, but 50 nM T3 alone in defined media did not alter DAP-I levels. The reduction of DAP-I activity in these cells by T3 required cortisol, unidentified components in serum, or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and angiotensin converting enzyme activities in cultured murine brain cells by cortisol and thyroid hormone. 302 71

In order to obtain information about the changes in lysosomal enzyme activities in arterial endothelial cells under hypertensive conditions, a biochemical study was performed on 5 lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase), cathepsin B, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase, in endothelial cells isolated by an enzymatic technique from the aorta of spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats, and normotensive control rats. The aortic endothelial cells in the old spontaneously and the renal hypertensive rats showed increased activities of enzymes examined in comparison with those in the age-matched control rats. Endothelial cells in young spontaneously hypertensive rats did not show any elevated enzyme activities compared with those in the controls, and the enzyme activities tended to increase with aging. From this, it is deduced that hypertension activates lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic endothelial cells. The differences in the activities of NAGase, cathepsin B and cathepsin D between hypertensive and control animals increased markedly with advancing age. These activated lysosomal enzymes seem to be involved in the developmental mechanism of arterial endothelial cell injury in hypertension and in further development of hypertensive vascular changes.
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PMID:Effect of hypertension on lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic endothelial cells. 335 16

The subcellular localization of cathepsin B activity (EC 3.4.22.1) in three murine melanomas of increasing metastatic potential (Cloudman less than B16-F1 less than B16 amelanotic) was determined. Cathepsin B activity was localized in the heavy mitochondrial fraction of normal murine liver but in the light mitochondrial fraction of the metastatic melanomas; the localization of three other lysosomal hydrolases did not shift. Further purification of the light mitochondrial fraction into L-1 (density = 1.045 g/ml) and L-2 (density = 1.07 g/ml) fractions was achieved on a 30% iso-osmotic Percoll gradient. The L-1 fraction of liver and melanomas contained Na+, K+-ATPase activity; the L-2 fraction of liver contained four lysosomal hydrolase (cathepsins B and H, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase) and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the L-1 fraction consisted of membrane vesicles and the L-2 fraction of secondary lysosomes. In the B16 melanomas cathepsin B and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities were found in both L-1 and L-2 fractions. Specific activities of the two enzymes in the plasma membrane (L-1) fractions increased in correspondence with metastatic potential. Cathepsin H and beta-glucuronidase activities were not localized in the plasma membrane fractions of the B16 melanomas. Localization of hydrolytic enzymes in the plasma membrane of metastatic tumor cells could result in focal dissolution of the extracellular matrix and thereby invasion and metastasis.
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PMID:Cathepsin B: association with plasma membrane in metastatic tumors. 345 10

The activity of lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (acid CEH, EC 3.1.1.13) in rat liver was determined at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wk following birth. The levels of acid CEH activity showed a marked decrease as rats grew older, whereas those of other lysosomal marker enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin B and D, showed only a slight decrease. On the other hand, acid CEH activity was detected in all subcellular fractions obtained from rat liver, but the enzyme activity in these fractions did not show the age-related decrease observed in the lysosomal fraction. The results presented here suggest that the marked alteration of lysosomal acid CEH activity that accompanies aging may be related to its possible involvement in the regulation of cholesterol concentration in rat liver.
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PMID:The activity and properties of a hepatic acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase obtained from rats of different age groups. 366 30

Several problems have frustrated the isolation of lamellar bodies (LB) from mammalian epidermis. We obtained pellets enriched in intact LB by utilizing the staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin to provide intact, outer epidermal sheets, by controlled homogenization in a cell disrupter, and by passage of homogenates through a graded series of nuclepore filters (Science 221:962, 1983). Such preparations contained more intact LB than did fractions prepared by a variety of differential or sucrose/metrizamide discontinuous centrifugation methods. Initial characterization of the enzymatic content of this fraction revealed it to be enriched in certain hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin B, acid lipase, sphingomyelinase, and phospholipase A), but strikingly depleted in all sulfatases, beta-glucuronidase, and the non-lysosomal protease, plasminogen activator. Thus, LB show some properties of lysosomes, although certain characteristic lysosomal enzymes are strikingly absent. Lamellar body fractions contained 2-3 times more lipid per unit weight than did homogenates, and were enriched in phospholipids, free sterols, and glycosphingolipids, but not in other neutral lipids or ceramides. In summary, whereas some of the enzymes in LB could participate in the metabolism of LB lipid precursors to hydrophobic barrier constituents, others may attack intercellular constituents, ultimately resulting in desquamation. The lipid profile of these organelles suggests that they deliver precursors of permeability barrier lipids to intercellular domains.
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PMID:Lamellar body-enriched fractions from neonatal mice: preparative techniques and partial characterization. 404 17

In the newborn lamb, activities of lysosomal enzymes are lower in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum. In contrast, there are only minor differences, if any, in activities of lysosomal enzymes between the regions of the small intestine of 5-day-old lambs. In the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, activities of hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and phosphodiesterase are greater in newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Only in the distal part of the small intestine are activities of beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin B higher in the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Cathepsin B activity is lower in the duodenum and jejunum of the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in the intestine of the newborn lamb. 609 93

Activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), beta-glucuronidase (GLU) and cathepsin B-like (CB-like) were determined in blind-coded sera from 50 patients with primary liver carcinoma, liver cirrhosis and acute hepatitis, and from 40 control subjects of comparable age range. CB-like activity averaged 700% (p less than 0.01), 1590% (p less than 0.01) and 1600% (p less than 0.01) of control subjects in liver cirrhosis (n = 30), acute hepatitis (n = 5) and primary liver carcinoma (n = 15), respectively. In acute hepatitis group we have found significant correlation between CB-like and GLU activities (r greater than 0.95). This correlation, however, was not observed in primary liver carcinoma suggesting that alteration in CB-like activity is not due to generalized increases in lysosomal membrane instability. The primary liver carcinoma group exhibited also the modest increments in serum ALP, GMT and LD activities (p less than 0.01). This increment, however, was not detected in any of acute hepatitis or liver cirrhosis patients. For the first time the alkaline-stable form of CB-like in human serum is described. This form representing 40% of overall CB-like activity was present in all primary liver carcinoma patients. This form, however, was not present in sera of any of control subjects or in sera of patients with acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with the exception of two men, in whom we have probably dealing with an early stage of primary liver carcinoma. Although the nature of the increment in CB-like activity in cancer remains to be determined, such analyses may help to the early detection of malignant hepatoma (primary liver carcinoma).
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PMID:Serum alkaline-stable acid thiol proteinase--a possible marker for primary liver carcinoma. 614 23

The activities of acid proteolytic enzymes were assayed in the liver and muscular tissues of mice (Mus musculus) 1, 6 and 24 hr after the administration of a protease inhibitor leupeptin (i.p., 15.5 mg/kg body wt). Leupeptin administration induced a strong inhibition of cathepsin B and a moderate inhibition of cathepsin C and acid autolytic rate in mouse liver 1 hr after injection. Thereafter the inhibition reduced and disappeared during 24 hr. The activity of cathepsin D was increased in liver 6 and 24 hr after injection. The activity of beta-glucuronidase was not affected by the leupeptin treatment. The administration of leupeptin did not affect the rate of acid autolysis and the activities of cathepsin C and D in cardiac and skeletal muscles. A slight increase in cathepsin B activity was observed 1 hr after leupeptin treatment in calf muscles. The cause of both tissue and enzyme specific changes after leupeptin treatment is discussed.
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PMID:Acid proteolytic activities in mouse liver and muscle tissues after treatment with protease inhibitor leupeptin. 614 85


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