Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transient expression of three novel plant amber suppressors derived from a cloned Nicotiana tRNA(Ser)(CGA), an Arabidopsis intron-containing tRNA(Tyr)(GTA) and an Arabidopsis intron-containing tRNA(Met)(CAT) gene, respectively, was studied in a homologous plant system that utilized the Agro bacterium-mediated gene transfer to Arabidopsis hypocotyl explants. This versatile system allows the detection of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity by histochemical and enzymatic analyses. The activity of the suppressors was demonstrated by the ability to suppress a premature amber codon in a modified GUS gene. Co-transformation of Arabidopsis hypocotyls with the amber suppressor tRNA(Ser) gene and the GUS reporter gene resulted in approximately 10% of the GUS activity found in the same tissue transformed solely with the functional control GUS gene. Amber suppressor tRNAs derived from intron-containing tRNA(Tyr) or tRNA(Met) genes were functional in vivo only after some additional gene manipulations. The G3:C70 base pair in the acceptor stem of tRNA(Met)(CUA) had to be converted to a G3:U70 base pair, which is the major determinant for alanine tRNA identity. The inability of amber suppressor tRNA(Tyr) to show any activity in vivo predominantly results from a distorted intron secondary structure of the corresponding pre-tRNA that could be cured by a single nucleotide exchange in the intervening sequence. The improved amber suppressors tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Met) were subsequently employed for studying various aspects of the plant-specific mechanism of pre-tRNA splicing as well as for demonstrating the influence of intron-dependent base modifications on suppressor activity.
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PMID:Translational nonsense codon suppression as indicator for functional pre-tRNA splicing in transformed Arabidopsis hypocotyl-derived calli. 1258 39

One new pterocarpanoid, crotafuran E (1), and three known compounds were isolated from the bark of Crotalaria pallida. The structure of 1 was determined by spectral methods. Two pterocarpanoids, crotafurans A (2) and B (3), previously isolated from this plant, showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, with IC(50) values of 23.0 +/- 1.0 and 19.0 +/- 0.2 microM, respectively. Compound 3 also inhibited the LPS/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated NO production in N9 microglial cells with an IC(50) value of 9.4 +/- 0.9 microM. Moreover, compound 2 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB) with IC(50) values of 7.8 +/- 1.4 and 9.5 +/- 2.1 microM, respectively.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory constituents and new pterocarpanoid of Crotalaria pallida. 1266 1

Four novel phloroglucinol derivatives, garcinielliptones A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), a novel triterpenoid, garcinielliptone E (5), and three known compounds were isolated from the seeds of Garcinia subelliptica. The structures, including relative configurations, were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data. Known compounds garsubellin A (6) and garcinielliptin oxide (7) showed potent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucuronidase and histamine, respectively, from peritoneal mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 15.6+/-2.5, and 18.2+/-3.6 and 20.0+/-2.7 microM, respectively. Compound 7 showed potent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe(fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB) in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 15.7+/-3.0 and 23.9+/-3.2 microM, respectively. Compound 7 also showed potent inhibitory effect on superoxide formation from neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB also in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 17.9+/-1.5 microM.
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PMID:Novel and anti-inflammatory constituents of Garcinia subelliptica. 1274 Aug 42

Three novel phloroglucinol derivatives, garcinielliptones F (1), H (3), and I (4), and two novel terpenoids, garcinielliptones G (2) and J (5), with a new skeleton have been isolated from the seeds of Garcinia subelliptica. Their structures, including relative configurations, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and computer-generated molecular modeling. Compound 1 showed potent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils that had been stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB). This effect was concentration-dependent with IC(50) values of 26.9+/-2.6 and 20.0+/-1.3 microM, respectively. Compound 1 also showed a potent concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on superoxide anion generation in rat neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB, with an IC(50) value of 17.0+/-0.9 microM. Compound 4 showed a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in culture media of N9 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 7.4+/-0.2 microM.
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PMID:Terpenoids with a new skeleton and novel triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects from Garcinia subelliptica. 1463 35

One new isoflavone, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxyisoflavone (3) and seven, and four known compounds were isolated from the barks of Crotalaria pallida and the seeds of C. assamica, respectively. The known compounds, apigenin (1) and 2'-hydroxygenistein (2), isolated from C. pallida, showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB) with IC(50) values of 2.8+/-0.1 and 17.7+/-1.9, and 5.9+/-1.4 and 9.7+/-3.5 microM, respectively. The known compounds, daidzein (4) and 2'-hydroxydaidzein (6), isolated from C. pallida, inhibited of the release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase from rat neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB with IC(50) values of 26.3+/-5.5 and 13.7+/-2.6 microM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 4 also showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation in rat neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB with IC(50) values of 3.4+/-0.3 and 25.1+/-5.0 microM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 5, previously isolated from C. pallida, showed the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and LPS/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated N9 microglial cells with IC(50) values of 10.7+/-0.1 and 13.9+/-1.1 microM, respectively. Flavonoids, suppressed chemical mediators in inflammatory cells, may have value in treatment and prevention of central and peripheral inflammatory diseases associated with excess production of chemical mediators.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory flavonoids and pterocarpanoid from Crotalaria pallida and C. assamica. 1501 12

In an effort to develop potent anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents, a series of chalcones were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of appropriate acetophenones with suitable aromatic aldehyde or prepared with appropriate dihydrochalcone reacted with appropriate alkyl bromide or prepared in one-pot procedure involving acetophenone and convenient aromatic aldehyde using ultrasonic agitation on basic alumina. The synthesized products were tested for their inhibitory effects on the activation of mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and microglial cells. The potent inhibitors of NO production in macrophages and microglial cells were further evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effects against several human cancer cell lines. 2'-Hydroxychalcones 1-3, and 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone 7 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase or lysozyme from rat neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB). Two 2'-hydroxychalcones (1 and 3) showed potent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation in rat neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB. The previously reported chalcone, 5, 6, and 12, exhibited potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated N9 microglial cells or in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. The potent inhibitors 5, 6, and 12 of NO production in macrophages or microglial cells revealed significant or marginal cytotoxic effects against several human cancer lines. Compound 12 manifested potent selective cytotoxicity against human MCF-7 cells and caused cell death by apoptosis. The present results demonstrated that 1-3, and 7 have anti-inflammatory effects and 5, 6, and 12 are potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents.
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PMID:Synthetic chalcones as potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents. 1564 15

One new diterpene, 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-2alpha,3beta,18-triol (1), two new phenylpropane derivatives, i.e., (E)-methyl 2-(3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropenoate (2) and (E)-2-(3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropenoic acid (3), and two known diterpenes, ent-8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-2alpha,18-diol (4) and 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-2alpha,18,19-triol (5), were isolated from the heartwoods and barks of Amentotaxus formosana, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the diterpenes 1, 4, and 5 was assessed in vitro by determining their inhibitory effects on the chemical mediators released from mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and microglial cells. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the release of beta-glucuronidase from rat neutrophils in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB) with IC50 values of 5.5 +/- 1.8, 8.4 +/- 2.9 and 19.2 +/- 3.3 microM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 5 also showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation in rat neutrophils stimulated with fMLP/CB and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with IC50 values of 12.6 +/- 1.2 and 9.4 +/- 1.7, and 10.7 +/- 3.3 and 12.9 +/- 0.9 microM, respectively.
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PMID:New phenylpropane and anti-inflammatory diterpene derivatives from Amentotaxus formosana. 1585 11

The antiinflammatory activities of the isolated flavonoids, including cycloartomunin (1), cyclomorusin (2), dihydrocycloartomunin (3), dihydroisocycloartomunin (4), cudraflavone A (5), cyclocommunin (6), and artomunoxanthone (7), and cycloheterohyllin (8), artonins A (9) and B (10), artocarpanone (11), artocarpanone A (12), and heteroflavanones A (13), B (14), and C (15) from Artocarpus communis and A. heterophyllus, were assessed in vitro by determining their inhibitory effects on the chemical mediators released from mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Compound 4 significantly inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase and histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with P-methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine (compound 48/80). Compound 11 significantly inhibited the release of lysozyme from rat neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Compounds 8, 10, and 11 significantly inhibited superoxide anion formation in fMLP-stimulated rat neutrophils while compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 evoked the stimulation of superoxide anion generation. Compound 11 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on NO production and iNOS protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells. The potent inhibitory effect of compound 11 on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages, probably through the suppression of iNOS protein expression.
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PMID:Antiinflammatory flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus communis. 1588 9

5-[4-Acridin-9-ylamino]phenyl]-5-methyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2-one (CYL-26z) inhibited the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which was assessed by the production of phosphatidylethanol (PEt) in the presence of ethanol, in rat neutrophils (IC50 1.2+/-0.2 microM). CYL-26z caused a slight but significant attenuation of the global protein tyrosine phosphorylation stimulated by fMLP only at concentrations of CYL-26z up to 30 microM. CYL-26z blocked the membrane recruitment of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) at concentrations of CYL-26z > or =3 microM, but failed to affect the membrane association of PKC-betaI and -betaII. The translocation of RhoA to the membrane was attenuated by CYL-26z (IC50 3.8+/-0.8 microM) in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils, whereas CYL-26z caused no significant inhibition of the membrane recruitment of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf). CYL-26z inhibited the activation of RhoA and dissociation of the RhoA-Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) complex in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils (IC50 1.8+/-1.0 microM and 1.8+/-0.9 microM, respectively). In a cell-free system, CYL-26z effectively attenuated the membrane association of RhoA in response to GTPgammaS (IC50 1.3+/-0.5 microM). In contrast, the GTPgammaS-stimulated translocation of Arf to membrane was suppressed only at concentrations of CYL-26z up to 30 microM. CYL-26z inhibited the fMLP-stimulated membrane expression of CD11b, CD45 and CD63, and the release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase. These results indicate that CYL-26z inhibited the fMLP-stimulated PLD activity, mainly through the blockade of RhoA activation, and degranulation in rat neutrophils.
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PMID:Inhibition of phospholipase D activation by CYL-26z in formyl peptide-stimulated neutrophils involves the blockade of RhoA activation. 1602 1

A structural hallmark of lysosomes is heterogeneity of their contents. We describe a method for isolation of particulate materials from human placental lysosomes. After a methionine methyl ester-induced disruption of lysosomes and two density gradient centrifugations we obtained a homogeneous membrane fraction and another one enriched in particulate inclusions. The latter exhibited a yellow-brown coloration and contained bodies lacking a delimiting membrane, which were characterised by a granular pattern and high electron density. The lipofuscin-like inclusion materials were rich in tripeptidyl peptidase I, beta-glucuronidase, acid ceramidase and apolipoprotein D and contained proteins originating from diverse subcellular localisations. Here we show that human term placenta contains lipofuscin-like lysosomal inclusions, a phenomenon usually associated with senescence in postmitotic cells. These findings imply that a simple pelleting of a lysosomal lysate is not appropriate for the isolation of lysosomal membranes, as the inclusions tend to be sedimented with the membranes.
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PMID:Characterisation of lipofuscin-like lysosomal inclusion bodies from human placenta. 1717 55


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