Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven genes encoding putative nuclear LIM interactor-interacting factors (NIFs) from Phytophthora infestans were characterized. Four exhibited spore-specific expression and clustered within 20kb, and three hyphal forms were also identified. Pi-nifS mRNA accumulated during sporulation, and Pi-nifC1, Pi-nifC2, and Pi-nifC3 mRNA during zoosporogenesis. By expressing fusions with the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in transformants, promoter fragments determining patterns of transcription specific to sporangia formation or zoosporogenesis were identified. Such studies also indicated that Pi-nifS was expressed at a late stage of sporulation. Pi-nifC1, Pi-nifC2, and Pi-nifC3 induction involved inositol-trisphosphate signaling based on studies with 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate and U-73122, was independent of verapamil-sensitive signals, and required the same cool temperatures that trigger zoosporogenesis. In contrast, warmer temperatures favoring direct sporangial germination caused Pi-nifS mRNA to rapidly decay, while verapamil increased mRNA levels. The divergent expression and clustering of the spore-specific genes may help reveal how genomes and developmental pathways evolved within the genus.
 ...
PMID:A cluster of NIF transcriptional regulators with divergent patterns of spore-specific expression in Phytophthora infestans. 1558 95

Infections of plants by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans typically result from zoospores, which develop from sporangia at cold temperatures. To help understand the relevant cold-induced signaling pathway, factors regulating the transcription of the zoosporogenesis-specific NIF (nuclear LIM-interactor-interacting factor) gene family were examined. Sequences required for inducing PinifC3 were identified by analyzing truncated and mutated promoters using the beta-glucuronidase reporter in stable transformants. A 7-nucleotide (nt) sequence located 139 bases upstream of the major transcription start point (GGACGAG) proved essential for the induction of PinifC3 when sporangia were shifted from ambient to cold temperatures. The motif, named the cold box, also conferred cold inducibility to a promoter normally activated only during sexual development. An identical motif was detected in the two other zoosporogenesis-specific NIF genes from P. infestans and three Phytophthora sojae orthologues, and a closely related sequence was found in Phytophthora ramorum orthologues. The 7-nt motif was also found in the promoters of other zoosporogenesis-induced genes. The presence of a cold box-interacting protein in nuclear extracts of P. infestans sporangia was demonstrated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Furthermore, zoospore release and cold box-regulated transcription were stimulated by the membrane rigidizer dimethyl sulfoxide and inhibited by the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol. The data therefore delineate a pathway in which sporangia perceive cold temperatures through membrane rigidity, which activates signals that drive both zoosporogenesis and cold-box-mediated transcription.
 ...
PMID:Activation of zoosporogenesis-specific genes in Phytophthora infestans involves a 7-nucleotide promoter motif and cold-induced membrane rigidity. 1660 21