Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Study of the age-related changes in cardiac muscle of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 months old albino rats showed that the muscle mass decreased by 10% while the ratio of the weight of cardiac muscle to body weight decreased by 30% between 5 and 25 months. Autolytic and proteolytic activity of sarcoplasmic proteins increased remarkably (70% and 200%, respectively) between 5 and 25 months of age. Although the total protein content decreased, the amount of fibrous protein (collagen) increased by 50%. Levels of salt soluble and labile collagen (free hydroxyproline released at 65 degrees C in Ringer solution) decreased by 65% and 50%, respectively, while insoluble collagen increased by 180% with advance in age from 5 to 25 months. Increase in acid soluble collagen was seen only up to 20 months of age. The acid mucopolysaccharide content decreased, whereas the activity of beta-glucuronidase showed an increase from 110-148 units between 10 and 15 months of age. beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase increased by 25% as the age increased from 5 to 25 months.
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PMID:Age-related changes in cardiac muscle of rat. 644 63

Lipid peroxidation has been induced by means of an atherogenic diet causing hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, increased LDL and decreased HDL serum fractions in addition to the fatty degeneration, vacuolization of the liver cells and accumulation of malondialdehyde in the liver. Increased release of acid phosphatase and N-beta-glucuronidase was also observed pointing to cholesterol-induced lysosomal membrane damage. In response to pretreatment with, and simultaneous administration of, 6,6'-methylene bis (2,2-dimethyl-4-methane sulphonic acid sodium salt-1,2-dihydroquinoline) the signs and symptoms of fatty liver degeneration, the tissue, plasma and platelet malondialdehyde concentrations and the LDL serum fraction significantly decreased and HDL serum fraction increased. Lisosomal membrane stability was restored, resulting in physiological acid phosphatase and N-beta-glucuronidase activities. The pathological and clinical aspects of lipid peroxidation in several diseases of the digestive organs and the suggested therapeutic uses of non-toxic radical scavengers have been outlined.
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PMID:Liver lipid peroxidation induced by cholesterol and its treatment with a dihydroquinoline type free radical scavenger in rabbits. 653 29

An assay for beta-glucuronidase is described. The assay uses 1-(beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl)pyridinium hydroxide, inner salt, as substrate and the quantitative determination is performed with headspace gas chromatography, measuring one of the products, pyridine, in the gas phase. The assay has been developed utilizing commercially available beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31.) from Escherichia coli, and has been applied to various sources of beta-glucuronidase. Crude homogenates can be assayed directly with a minimum of manipulative steps and the method is suited for automation.
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PMID:Assay for beta-glucuronidase utilizing headspace gas chromatography. 671 14

We have isolated and characterized a monoglucuronide fraction of 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)triene-1 alpha, 3 beta, 25-triol, 5,6-cis isomer (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) from rat bile. Polar radioactive metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were purified by a sequence of chromatographic procedures which utilized Amberlite XAD-2, diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20, liquid-liquid partition on paper, and reverse phase chromatography on C-18 microparticulate columns. A purified radioactive substance showed maximal absorbance at 264 nm, indicating the presence of a triene in the 5,6-cis configuration. Mass spectrometry by fast atom bombardment of the product demonstrated an ion at m/z 637 atomic mass units that is consistent with a natriated sodium salt of a monoglucuronide of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ([MNa]Na+). Following methylation of the carboxylic acid group and formation of trimethylsilyl ethers of the hydroxyl groups, the fragmentation pattern of the product was compatible with that of a monoglucuronide of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The intact metabolite was treated with beta-glucuronidase and the aglycon was isolated by chromatography on microparticulate silica. The aglycon co-migrated with authentic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 during chromatography and it gave a mass fragmentation pattern consistent with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The aglycon was bound by an intestinal cytosol receptor with essentially the same affinity as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These findings indicate that bile contains a monoglucuronide of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
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PMID:Evidence for a monoglucuronide of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat bile. 689 28

Thirty strains of Propionibacterium acnes were grown in basal salt medium containing lecithin as a lipid substrate and in other media. The cultures were assayed for production of lipase (measured as fatty acid esterase) and other exoenzymes. Lipase was assayed spectrophotometrically; other enzymes were assayed using the API ZYM system (Analytab Products Inc., Plainview, NY). Substance for lipase were alpha- and beta-naphthol esters of propionic, butyric, valeric, caprylic, lauric, myristic, and oleic acids. All strains showed fatty acid esterase activity. Using the API ZYM system 19 enzymes were detected, 8 of which were found frequently and had high activity in most strains. Acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphoamidase, ester lipase, trypsin-chymotrypsin-like proteases, beta-glucuronidase (80%), beta-galactosidase (80%), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were found. Many enzymes of P. acnes appear to be adaptive, dependent on the culture substrate.
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PMID:Exoenzymes of Propionibacterium acnes. 717 37

The protein concentration in bile from several species is reported. The changes in output of protein, bile salts and several enzymes have been followed in rat bile over a 48 h cannulation period. Bile-salt concentration dropped rapidly owing to interruption of the enterohepatic circulation but the output of protein, lysosomal enzymes [acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31)] and plasma-membrane enzymes [5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) and phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1)] was maintained. Liver cell damage, monitored by output of lactate dehydrogenase, was very low throughout. Protein, lysosomal enzymes and plasma-membrane enzymes showed different patterns of output with time, but all showed a net increase between 12 and 24 h. The output of lysosomal and plasma-membrane enzymes was between 1 and 5% of the total liver complement over the first 24 h; if inhibition by biliary components is taken into account the output of some of these enzymes, particularly acid phosphatase, may be greater. Ultracentrifugation of bile showed that as the concentration of bile salts decreases the proportion of plasma-membrane enzymes in a sedimentable form increases. The results are discussed in relation to other studies of biliary proteins and to studies of the perturbation of membranes and cells with bile salts.
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PMID:Enzymes and proteins in bile. Variations in output in rat cannula bile during and after depletion of the bile-salt pool. 730 64

After intravenous administration of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to rats, approximately 25% of the administered radioactivity appeared in the bile within 24 h. Instillation of the biliary radioactivity into the duodena of other rats was followed by recovery of 15% of the radioactivity in newly secreted bile within 24 h. The process by which products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were excreted in bile was not saturable in the dose range tested (0.275-650 ng). The metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 present in bile were found to be much more polar than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and were resolved into three fractions on high performance liquid chromatography. 60% of the radioactivity present in bile was retained selectively by DEAE-cellulose; the radioactive material could be eluted from the gel at a low pH or at high salt concentrations. When bile containing the radiolabeled metabolites was incubated at 37 degrees C and pH 5 with beta-glucuronidase, there was an increase in the amount of radioactivity comigrating with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Treatment of the products of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bile with diazomethane, an agent which converts acids into methyl esters, transformed one of the metabolites into a less polar compound. These results demonstrate that there is a quantitatively important enterophepatic circulation of the products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat.
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PMID:Enterohepatic physiology of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 735 79

Seven methods of erythrocyte entrapment--six by hypotonic exchange loading and one by chlorpromazine-induced endocytosis--were evaluted for (1) efficiency of incorporation of beta-glucuronidase, inulin, and glucose; (2) presence of beta-glucuronidase on the erythrocyte surface, as detected by hemagglutination or complement-dependent lysis in the prsence of antibody to beta-glucuronidase; (3) in vitro leakage of entrapped markers; and (4) morphologic alterations by scanning electron microscopy. Dependent on the method of entrapment, the incorporation of markers ranged from 0.7% to 6.2% for beta-glucuronidase, 3.4% to 31% for inulin, and 1.2% to 12.2% for glucose. Maximal incorporation by hypotonic exchange loading occurred when the initial concentration of sodium chloride (150 mM) was reduced to 50 or 75 mM. However, beta-glucuronidase was detected on the erythrocyte surface by hemagglutination for these methods as well as a dialysis method of loading. Essentially no leakage of entrapped enzyme was detected (< 1%) for all methods, although up to 11% of entrapped glucose was released during a 3 hr incubation at 37 degrees C in buffered whole blood. Finally, entrapment methods requiring the greatest reduction in salt concentration resulted in the formation of echinocytes, whereas stomatocytes were observed after entrapment by methods requiring lesser salt dilutions. These results demonstrate the efficiency of entrapment and relative integrity of erythrocytes following various loadng procedures and suggest that in vitro assessment may provide a useful predictor of the imunogenicity and in vivo fate of erythrocyte-entrapped enzymes or other therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Enzyme therapy XIV. Comparison of methods for enzyme entrapment in human erythrocytes. 740 Jun 65

Further experiments are reported on Lincomycin-induced cholelithiasis in guinea-pigs. The biochemical events in the bile and blood, and the chemical composition of gallstones, have been studied. The gallstones resemble human pigment stones in chemical composition. The clear hepatic bile and the normality of the bile salt--phospholipid--cholesterol equilibrium, the rise in beta-glucuronidase and hexosamine levels with the gallbladder, have reaffirmed that epithelial injury is most probably the primary lithogenic factor. Ligation of the cystic duct and the construction of a common hepatic duct-duodenum bypass did not prevent the development of acute cholecystitis, suggesting the lithogenic factor was mediated through the blood circulation and not through the enterohepatic circulation of bile.
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PMID:Further observations in lincomycin-induced cholelithiasis in guinea-pigs. 743 Nov 43

In response to salinity or drought stress, the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum will switch from C3 photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). During this switch, the transcription rates of many genes encoding glycolytic, gluconeoagenic, and malate metabolism enzymes are increased. In particular, transcription of the Ppc1 and Gap1 genes encoding a CAM-specific isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively, is increased by salinity stress. To investigate the molecular basis of salt-induced gene regulation, we examined the Ppc1 and Gap1 promoters for cis-elements and trans-acting factors that may participate in their expression. Ppc1 or Gap1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase chimeric gene constructs containing various deletions were introduced into intact, detached M. crystallinum leaves by microprojectile bombardmen. The Ppc1 5'-flanking region contains several salt-responsive enhancer regions and one silencer region reflecting the complex regulation patterns exhibited by this promoter in vivo. A region localized between nucleotides -977 and -487 relative to the transcriptional start site appears to regulate the magnitude of salt-inducibility. In contrast, the Gap1 promoter contains a single region from -735 to -549 that confers salt-responsive gene expression. Alignment of these 5'-flanking regions reveals several common sequence motifs that resemble consensus binding sites for the Myb class of transcription factors. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays indicate that both the -877 to -679 region of Ppc1 and the -735 to -549 region of Gap1 form a DNA-protein complex unique to nuclear extracts from salt-stressed plants. The appearance of this DNA-protein complex upon salt stress suggests that it may participate in salt-induced transcriptional activation of Ppc1 and Gap1.
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PMID:Identification of enhancer and silencer regions involved in salt-responsive expression of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) genes in the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. 759 7


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