Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Argininosuccinic aciduria, an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle in humans, is associated with a deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL; L-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase, EC 4.3.2.1). ASL activity was visualized on gels after electrophoresis by a new method, termed bioautography. Bioautography involves the use of mutant bacteria to visualize the location of mammalian enzymes after zone electrophoresis. By this technique, human ASL migrated to a position different from mouse ASL, while a survey of mouse strains, tissues, and tissue culture cell extracts demonstrated the same electrophoretic form and no genetic variants of mouse ASL. Identifying human ASL, by bioautography in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids has made it possible to regionally locate the ASL gene on human chromosome 7. The human ASL phenotype segregated concordantly with the human enzyme beta-glucoronidase (GUS; beta-D-glucoronide glucuronosohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.31) in cell hybrids, but showed discordant segregation with 32 other enzyme markers representing 23 linkage groups. The gene for GUS has been assigned to chromosome 7 in humans, and cosegregation (synteny) of ASL and GUS demonstrates the assignment of ASL to chromosome 7. Regional location of ASL and GUS to the pter to q22 region of chromosome 7 was achieved in hybrids segregating a 7/9 translocation.
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PMID:Argininosuccinic aciduria: assignment of the argininosuccinate lyase gene to the pter to q22 region of human chromosome 7 by bioautography. 28 32

Dogs were given gentamicin (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 8 hr for 10 days. Levels of serum creatinine rose by day 6 (0.91 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.02 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05) and of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 (24.3 +/- 4.80 vs. 16.1 +/- 0.90 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity occurred earlier and was more marked when furosemide (2 mg/kg) was added: the level of serum creatinine by day 6 was 1.62 +/- 0.25 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), and the level of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 was 181 +/- 23.5 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). Elevations in the activities of the urinary enzymes beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and muramidase preceded rises in levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Examination of serial percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed that gentamicin administration was associated with hyaline droplet degeneration, lysosomal changes, and, later, cell necrosis (primarily of the proximal tubules). Changes in renal morphology were more severe and occurred earlier when furosemide was administered concomitantly. In summary, furosemide enhanced gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Enzymuria was an early sign of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Furosemide enhancement of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: comparison of functional and morphological changes with activities of urinary enzymes. 50 Nov 48

Non-latent (free) activities of two lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase) and urea production were measured in purified rat liver parenchymal cells incubated in the presence and absence of insulin. Non-latent enzyme activity was measured by including 0.25M sucrose in the assay mixtures to provide osmotic protection to the lysosomes. Total enzyme activity was estimated with Triton X-100 in the homogenates. Insulin was found to inhibit ureogenesis and to reduce non-latent lysosomal enzyme activity in the hepatocytes in vitro. Our data support the idea that insulin inhibits autophagy in rat liver parenchymal cells. Such an effect of insulin may also explain the inhibitory action of insulin on urea production in the rat liver.
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PMID:Influence of insulin on lysosomal activity and urea production in isolated parenchymal cells from rat liver. 103 39

A study was made of the effect of sporofusarin (mycotoxin produced by Fusarium Sporotrichiella v. Sporotrichoides) on the functional activity and permeability of cell membranes of the isolated perfused rat liver. Sporofusarin (in the end concentration of 5.9 . 10(-5) M) produced a marked depressive effect on the rate of bile, formation, urea synthesis and oxygen consumption, and also caused an early and marked disturbance of permeability of the lysosomal and plasma membranes of hepatocytes (an increase in the activity of the enzymes--beta-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatases A and B, beta-galactosidase in the supernatant fluid of liver homogenate and in the perfusata). It is supposed that depression of the functional activity of the liver under the effect of sporofusarin resulted from damage of the membrane structures of the cell, and, primarily, of lysosomes.
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PMID:[The effect of sporofusarin on the cell membranes of isolated perfused liver]. 122 93

The isoenzymes of rat-liver lysosomal beta-glucuronidase (beta-D-glucuronide glucuronosohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.31)) were inactivated at different rates at 0 degrees C in 3M guanidinium chloride solutions adjusted to pH 5.0 In 4 M urea buffered by 0.01 M glycylglycine, pH 7.0 isoenzymes I, III, and V were reversibly inhibited 80%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.1% in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 irreversibly inhibited at 37 degrees C all five isoenzymes. Sedimentation analysis showed that loss of catalytic activity in these denaturing media is accompanied by dissociation into slower sedimenting subunits. SDS gel electrophoresis revealed that the isoenzymes are apparently tetramers made up of different proportions of subunits alpha, beta, and gamma having apparent molecular weights of 62,900, 60,200, and 58,700, respectively. The three subunits appear to be glycoproteins.
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PMID:Some molecular properties of rat-liver lysosomal beta-glucuronidase isoenzymes. 126 55

The mean values of body mass index, haemoglobin A1, serum protein, total lipids, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and beta-glucuronidase and heart rate and blood pressure and blood urea levels of Libyan diabetic patients with secondary complications are significantly higher than those of the patients without secondary complications. However, the mean values of fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of patients without complications are higher than those of the patients with secondary complications. The duration of diabetes in patients with secondary complications was 10.2 +/- 1 years while that of patients without complications was 5.2 +/- 0.65 years. The significance of these results is discussed.
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PMID:Secondary diabetic complications and biochemical parameters. 209 82

A noncharacteristic solute, appearing in gradient elution liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of body fluids of dialyzed renal patients, was isolated and identified by preparative HPLC, beta-glucuronidase induced enzymatic peak shift, and mass spectrometry. The compound was shown to be p-acetylaminophenol ('paracetamol')-glucuronide (PG). Serum and peritoneal dialysate PG concentrations were determined in a number of patients. Cuprophan in vivo dialyzer clearances were calculated. Peritoneal membrane mass transfer coefficients (MTC) of PG were calculated and compared with those of molecular mass markers for peritoneal diffusive mass transport studies (urea, creatinine, uric acid, and inulin). By extrapolation of an MTC versus molecular mass calibration line for urea, creatinine, and uric acid it is shown that PG behaves as expected from its molecular mass. We suggest that PG (Mr = 327) is suitable as a molecular mass marker for the molecular mass range between Mr 200 and 500. It may also be used as a marker for diffusive solute transport in hemodialysis treatment. The HPLC gradient elution technique used here appears to be suitable for the simultaneous analysis of the molecular mass markers creatinine, uric acid, and paracetamolglucuronide.
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PMID:Isolation, identification, and analysis of 4-acetylaminophenol-glucuronide in body fluids of dialyzed renal patients; a molecular mass marker for peritoneal diffusive transport. 234 81

The effects of inoculating an in vitro continuous culture system with primate colon contents compared to fecal material, and the effect of feeding these cultures psyllium husk, a fermentable, or cellulose, a less fermentable, dietary fiber were tested. Modified 500-ml Bellco culture chambers were continuously infused with buffered medium containing vitamin mix, deoxycholate, urea, hemin, casein and mucin. Cultures were fed a mixture of minerals, sucrose, starch and either psyllium husk or cellulose twice daily. Chambers were inoculated with fecal or colonic samples obtained from adult male African green monkeys fed the respective fiber source in a purified diet for more than 3 yr. After a 5-d stabilization period, samples were collected for total viable anaerobe and aerobe counts, microbial beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, dry matter, pH and oxidation-reduction potential. Inoculation with fecal material or colon contents produced similar results for the above mentioned characteristics; major differences were found due to the fiber treatments. Psyllium-fed cultures had lower pH (P less than 0.01) and higher VFA concentration (P less than 0.01) and beta-glucuronidase activity (P less than 0.10) than cellulose-fed cultures. The ratio of anaerobes to aerobes was lower (P less than 0.01) in psyllium-fed than in cellulose-fed cultures. These results indicate that feces can be used as an inoculum source for in vitro studies of changes in colonic microbial metabolism due to diet, and that dietary fiber source affects the colonic microbial population and metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cellulose and psyllium husk on monkey colonic microbial metabolism in continuous culture. 254 37

A group of 30 female albino rats were exposed to mosquito-coil smoke, 8 hours a day, 6 days per week, for 6 months. Another group which was exposed to air served as control. At the end of the experiment, the enzyme activities, total protein and lecithin contents as well as cellular responses in the lung lavage between the control and smoke-exposed rats were compared. Morphological observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the alveolar macrophages of smoke-exposed rats lost their typical ruffled membranes. They possessed small cytoplasmic processes on their smooth cell surfaces, small particles in phagolysosomes and mitochondria with a very electron-dense matrix. The levels of total protein and lecithin and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in the lung-lavage fluid of smoke-exposed rats were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than those of the controls. Increases (P less than 0.05) of serum enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and aldolase, indicated damage of liver tissues, but the levels of serum urea and urea nitrogen remained at the control levels implying normal functions of the kidneys of the mosquito-coil smoke-exposed rats. The level of serum tri-iodothyronine also increased significantly (P less than 0.05), but thyroxine remained at the control level.
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PMID:Biochemical and cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavaged samples from rats after inhalation of mosquito-coil smoke. 256 17

The sensitive parameters of tubular nephrotoxicity during 4-day chemotherapy with new combination schedule of cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil were followed. The determinations of tubular enzymes beta-glucuronidase (GRS) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GMT) in 24 hours urine, the excretion of creatinine and proteinuria were assayed before therapy and during 4 consecutive days of treatment. We recorded the significant increase of protein excretion and only slight increase of GMT and GRS activities after chemotherapy. The decrease of the creatinine excretion on the 3rd day of therapy was not statistically significant. Simultaneously followed serum creatinine and urea levels proved the elevation of creatinine only in 1 patient (the 1st grade according WHO classification). Our results suggest that the performed regime of chemotherapy produces only very low nephrotoxicity comparing to the 1-day administration of cisplatinum. These conclusions are confirmed also by the former examinations of GRS activities in cisplatinum therapy.
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PMID:The excretion of urinary enzymes, proteins and creatinine in patients receiving cisplatinum. 288 65


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