Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acid and alkaline phosphatases, esterases, and beta-glucuronidase were studied histochemically in the colon of a patient with familial polyposis in whom malignant changes had occurred. The acid hydrolases were found to be localized mainly in the supranuclear region of the cells of the epithelium of the normal mucosa. In the polyp epithelium these enzymes were found mainly in the basal areas of the epithelium at the junction between the latter and the lamina propria. In the cancer cells enzyme activity was decreased and distributed randomly. Alkaline phosphatase was present only in the capillaries in the normal and the polypmucosa. In the cancer tissue this enzyme was found in the capillaries, the smooth muscle cells, and the invading cells of epithelial origin.
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PMID:Observations on an unusual enzyme distribution pattern in the colon of a case of familial polyposis with malignant changes. 542 55

Administration of hypocholesterolemic agents to developing rats has been found to selectively induce brain hydrolases. Certain regimes also caused an appreciable increase in total brain protein content. The hypocholesterolemic agents AY-9944 and zuclomiphene were tested individually and in combination. A fourth type of treatment utilized the above drugs in combination with Triparanol. Whenever AY-9944 was used, singly or in combination with other compounds, the beta-glucuronidase activity of developing brain was increased. Acid phosphatase and total brain protein were increased in animals treated with AY-9944 plus zuclomiphene or AY-9944 plus zuclomiphene and Triparanol. Neither AY-9944 nor zuclomiphene alone significantly affected brain total protein or acid phosphatase. Electron microscopic examination of tissue specifically reacted for acid phsophatase demonstrated that the increased enzyme activity was localized in cells in the perivascular spaces. Alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, two other hydrolytic enzymes assayed, seemed to be much less influenced by the drug treatments.
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PMID:The biochemical and morphological response of hydrolytic enzymes in the developing brain to hypocholesterolemic agents. 615 93

Cytochemical reactions were examined in lymph node imprints from a group of 53 previously untreated patients with histologically proven Hodgkin's disease. In 40 of 51 cases investigated, Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells, irrespective of the cytologic appearances and the histologic types, showed moderate to strong reactions with acid phosphatase (ACP). In 12 cases ACP activity was present in more than 25% of the R-S cells. The reaction consisted of formation of small- to medium-sized granules, which were located close to the nuclei on a diffusely positive background or irregularly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In three cases, a coarse granular reaction product with periodic acid-Schiff was present. R-S cells were positive to the naphthol-AS acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase reactions in four and two cases, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase reactions were completely negative. Our results have revealed a pattern of staining in the diagnostic R-S cells similar to that in its morphologic variants; this supports the view that these cells may derive from a common primitive cell. Moreover, the quality and quantity of the ACP reaction product shows that R-S cells differ from both neoplastic histiocytes of malignant histiocytosis and neoplastic lymphocytes of T-cell lymphomas. This study confirms that R-S cells lack definite cytochemical characteristics of each of supposed progenitor cells: histiocytes and T-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Cytochemistry of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph node imprints. 618 66

The enzyme histochemistry of the cells lining and within the marginal and medullary sinuses of twenty human reactive lymph nodes has been studied. The sinuses contain luminal ('reticular') cells which are strongly positive for certain hydrolytic enzymes, including acid-alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. In addition, the lining ('littoral') cells on both sides of the medullary sinuses are positive for these enzymes. In contrast, enzyme-containing lining ('littoral') cells of the marginal (subcapsular) sinuses are observed only on the inner aspect of the sinuses, the outer aspect being negative. Alkaline phosphatase is not present in the sinusoidal cells but 5'-nucleotidase is seen in varying amounts. These findings are supported by an ultrastructural study of three of the nodes, using a staining method for esterase activity. The different enzyme histochemical properties of the littoral cells in the marginal and medullary sinuses closely mirrors that observed when, for example, these structures are stained immunohistochemically for IgA or J chain.
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PMID:An enzyme histochemical study of the sinuses of reactive lymph nodes. 632 11

Nine lysosomal enzymes and alkaline phosphatase have been assayed in human pancreatic juice from controls and patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Specific activities were evaluated by a nonparametric test (Wilcoxon) with a probability of 2 P less than or equal to 0.5. The values of acid phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase are significantly higher in pathological juices; the values of alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucuronidase are also increased in the same patients but at the limit of significance. Alkaline phosphatase, beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase follows the same trend but the values are not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. Studies on skin cultures of four patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis demonstrate that the increased specific activities of lysosomal enzymes in the pathological juices do not correspond to a leakage of these enzymes into the extracellular space as described for cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase and acid lysosomal hydrolases in pancreatic juice and fibroblast cell cultures of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. 680 85

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes were isolated from pig blood relatively free from other cells and were characterised biochemically and morphologically and compared with human PMNLs. The activities of 16 enzymes of porcine and human PMNLs were measured and compared. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, malate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase had higher specific activities in procine than in human cells. Alkaline phosphatase has an 87-fold higher specific activity in porcine than in human cells. beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, myeloperoxidase and catalase had higher specific activities in human than in porcine cells. beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase showed over a 1000- and a 13-fold higher specific activity, respectively, in human than in porcine cells. Porcine PMNLs are readily available in large numbers and are recommended for studies of phagocytosis, chemotaxis and membrane biochemistry.
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PMID:Biochemical characterisation of porcine polymorphonuclear leucocytes: comparison with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 687 22

Left kidneys of rats were made ischemic for 25 minutes and proximal tubule brush border alterations studied in the S1 and S2 segments. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that brush border microvilli became unstable, fused with one another, and were interiorized into proximal tubule cytoplasm soon after reflow of blood following ischemia. Rapid regeneration followed; scanning electron microscopy showed that regeneration occurred in a fashion whereby clusters of microvilli in flower-like configurations were extruded from the cell interior toward the surface. Such unique patterns of microvillus formation have not been reported before. Activity of the brush border enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and maltase, were not significantly depressed throughout the cycle of brush border loss and regeneration. Likewise, there were no alterations in the activity of beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry showed that microvillus membranes that were interiorized into the cell cytoplasm retained enzyme activity on their surfaces during the early period of brush border loss as well as during regeneration. These results strongly suggest that in reversibly injured proximal tubule cells regeneration of the brush border occurs primarily by a process of recycling of damaged, previously incorporated membrane. The nature of the initial membrane damage and the mechanism of recycling remain unknown.
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PMID:Mechanism of proximal tubule brush border loss and regeneration following mild renal ischemia. 730 Feb 48

Estimation of activity of five hydrolytic enzymes was made in foru histologically different types of human meningiomas derived from surgery. The hydrolytic enzymes examined in 13 tumors included four lysosomal enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (hexosaminidase), beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase. The fifth enzyme studied was alkaline phosphatase. The one papillary-type meningioma examined appeared to contain generally greater activities of the lysosomal enzymes than the other tumor types. Alkaline phosphatase was decidedly greater in transitional type meningiomas. The correlation of histological types with alkaline phosphatase activity is discussed with regard to previous observations.
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PMID:Hydrolytic enzymes in meningiomal subtypes. 735 74

When bone is cultured in acidic medium produced by a reduced bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3-)]), a model of metabolic acidosis, there is greater net calcium efflux than when the same decrement in pH is produced by an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a model of respiratory acidosis. To determine the effects of metabolic and respiratory acidosis on bone cell function we cultured neonatal mouse calvariae for 48 h under control conditions (pH approximately 7.40, PCO2 approximately 41 mmHg, [HCO(3-)] approximately 25 meq/l) or under isohydric acidic conditions simulating metabolic (pH approximately 7.09, [HCO(3-)] approximately 12) or respiratory (pH approximately 7.10, PCO2 approximately 86) acidosis and measured osteoblastic collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoclastic beta-glucuronidase activity. Collagen synthesis was inhibited by metabolic (23.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 30.3 +/- 1.0% in control) but was not altered by respiratory (32.3 +/- 0.6) acidosis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by metabolic (402 +/- 16 vs. 471 +/- 15 nmol P.min-1.mg protein-1 in control) but not altered by respiratory (437 +/- 25) acidosis. beta-Glucuronidase activity was stimulated by metabolic (1.02 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.05 micrograms phenolphthalein released.bone-1.h-1 in control) but not altered by respiratory (0.73 +/- 0.06) acidosis. Net calcium efflux in control was increased by metabolic (783 +/- 57 vs. 20 +/- 57 nmol.bone-1.48 h-1 in control) and by respiratory (213 +/- 45) acidosis; however, calcium efflux with metabolic was greater than with respiratory acidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Stimulated osteoclastic and suppressed osteoblastic activity in metabolic but not respiratory acidosis. 784 Jan 63


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