Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In porcine areolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Of the dehydrogenases, the diaphorases as well as succinate and lactate dehydrogenase demonstrated generally an intensive activity within the epithelia. The activity of the other dehydrogenases was only low. The activity of unspecific esterase was very intensive within the uterine epithelia but remarkably low within chorionic epithelia. Contrarily, the reaction of adenosine triphosphatase was more intensive within chorionic than uterine epithelia. All investigated glucosidases reacted distinctly positive within chorionic epithelia, but only beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in uterine epithelia. The high activity of acid phosphatase, especially within the chorionic epithelium, seems to be connected with uteroferrin, an iron-binding protein. The histochemical results are discussed in context with the function of the areolae in histiotrophic nutrition and iron transport.
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PMID:[Enzyme-histochemical studies of the pig placenta. II. Histotopics of enzymes in the areolar placenta epithelium]. 392 41

Macrophages carry receptors on their surface for acetylated low density lipoprotein (ac-LDL). Receptor-mediated endocytosis of ac-LDL is followed by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. We investigated whether occupation of these binding sites evokes the release of hydrolytic enzymes from mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured for up to 48 h. ac-LDL at concentrations ranging from 25-250 micrograms protein/ml was noted to promote in a dose-dependent fashion secretion of the neutral proteinase elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) and the lysosomal acid hydrolases N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) and cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5). This stimulatory effect was non-cytotoxic. LDL modified by treatment with malondialdehyde was also capable of augmenting enzyme liberation into culture supernates. These findings may have implications for some aspects of the atherosclerotic process.
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PMID:Chemically modified low density lipoproteins as inducers of enzyme release from macrophages. 400 64

Biochemical studies of middle ear effusions (MEE) from patients with chronic or recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) have demonstrated the presence of significant levels of certain hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. We have examined MEE from patients with acute OME for the content of a number of lysosomal hydrolases and find no significant differences in the mean values for acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, and neuraminidase between purulent and serous effusions. In every case, the mean activities of these enzymes were greater in culture-positive than in culture-negative effusions although this difference was significant only in the case of neuraminidase. Neuraminidase activity was detected in 78% of those MEEs from which Streptococcus pneumoniae could be cultured and in only 32% to 64% of all other effusions. No correlation was observed between the level of neuraminidase released into the extracellular growth medium and the infectivity of various strains of S pneumoniae.
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PMID:Hydrolase activity in acute otitis media with effusion. 404 Jul 28

Smooth muscle cells were dissociated from normal rabbit aorta by incubating the tissue in Hanks' solution containing elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. The isolated cells contained significant amounts of the following acid hydrolases: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsins C and D. The cells were disrupted and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose density gradients in the Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. Lysosomes with a modal density of 1.16 were identified by the distribution of these acid hydrolases and by the latency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. Other particulate enzymes studied in these sucrose gradients included cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondria), 5'-nucleotidase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (plasma membrane), and catalase (? peroxisome). This microanalytical subcellular fractionation technique is applicable to the study of milligram quantities of many other tissues, both normal and pathological.
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PMID:Lysosomes of the arterial wall. I. Isolation and subcellular fractionation of cells from normal rabbit aorta. 434 42

In the newborn lamb, activities of lysosomal enzymes are lower in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum. In contrast, there are only minor differences, if any, in activities of lysosomal enzymes between the regions of the small intestine of 5-day-old lambs. In the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, activities of hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and phosphodiesterase are greater in newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Only in the distal part of the small intestine are activities of beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin B higher in the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs. Cathepsin B activity is lower in the duodenum and jejunum of the newborn than in 5-day-old lambs.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in the intestine of the newborn lamb. 609 93

Lysosomal enzyme activities were studied in cells derived from the following types of leukaemia: chronic myeloid, acute myeloid, acute myelomonocytic, acute monocytic, non-T, non-B cell acute lymphoblastic, T-cell acute lymphoblastic, B-cell chronic lymphocytic and T-cell chronic lymphocytic. Activities of beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase were significantly higher in cells from acute monocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukaemias, and somewhat higher in the other myeloid leukaemias, when compared with control granulocytes. Activities of beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were markedly lower in B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia when compared with control or other leukaemic lymphoid cells. On isoelectric focusing abnormal patterns of beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucuronidase activities were commonly found in myeloid and non-T, non-B cell leukaemias. All patients with acute myeloid leukaemia exhibited a relative decrease in the B form of beta-hexosaminidase activity. The results described show that studies on lysosomal enzymes may assist in the classification of different types of leukaemia.
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PMID:Correlation of lysosomal enzyme abnormalities in various forms of adult leukaemia. 622 22

The activity and isoenzyme pattern in plasma of beta-hexosaminidase (abbreviated Hex) and four other lysosomal hydrolases (alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase) were studied in 50 women at term and in 10 women at various intervals during the first 6 days after parturition. All hydrolases had elevated activity at term, compared with controls. After parturition the activity of alpha-mannosidase returned to the normal level within 2 days and that of Hex, beta-glucuronidase, and alpha-hexosaminidase within 6 days; alpha-fucosidase having a slightly elevated activity even at the end of this period. Isoenzyme analysis by isoelectric focusing was informative only in the case of Hex. Thus, the increased activity of Hex at term was mainly due to an increase in the isoenzyme form(s), with pI(s) between 5.6 and 6.8. The enzyme pattern of Hex during pregnancy and post partum observed in this study seems to have certain similarities to the previously noted enzyme pattern of Hex in acute ethanol intoxication and following withdrawal of ethanol. As lysosomal membranes are labilized by elevated levels of steroids, it is of interest to note that high levels of these hormones are found in plasma both at term and in chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Activity of lysosomal hydrolases in plasma at term and post partum. 623 75

Nine lysosomal enzyme activities were examined in granulocytes and lymphocytes from two unrelated patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) in "accelerated phase" and from their family members. In CHS granulocytes, there was a marked reduction of alpha-mannosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.24), alpha-galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.22), and alpha-fucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.51) activities, which were below 21, 24, and 43% of mean control values, respectively. In CHS lymphocytes, beta-glucuronidase (E.C. 3.2.1.31) and alpha-mannosidase activities were also decreased. In granulocytes of family members, the activities of acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30), aryl sulphatase (E.C. 3.1.6.1), and beta-glucuronidase were significantly higher than the control values (P < 0.001), which were 262, 218, 414, and 180% of mean control values. Neither the inhibitor in CHS granulocytes nor the activator in the heterozygous granulocytes to those enzymes could be found by mixing experiments with normal ones.
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PMID:Chediak-Higashi syndrome: abnormal lysosomal enzyme levels in granulocytes of patients and family members. 625 36

The condition for maximal activity (pH, buffer, saturating substrate concentration, range of linear relationships between enzyme activity versus incubation time, and versus enzyme concentration) in the fluorimetric assay of several glycohydrolases of lysosomal origin in human plasma and serum have been established. The following enzymes were studied: alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase. All examined enzymes turned out to be more or less unstable upon storage at 37 degrees C, 4 degrees c, and -20 degrees C in both serum and plasma. The only exceptions were beta-glucuronidase, which was stable in plasma and serum, and alpha-fucosidase which was stable only in plasma. Generally the degree of instability was greater in serum than in plasma. The levels of some enzymes (alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta=glucuronidase) were markedly higher in serum than in plasma; conversely the levels of the same enzymes in "platelet free" serum equalled those in plasma. This stresses the necessity to use freshly prepared plasma for lysosomal glycohydrolase assay. Under the procedural conditions recommended for the assay the methods for the determination of lysosomal glycohydrolases in plasma appeared to be simple, sensitive and reproducible.
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PMID:Enzymes of lysosomal origin in human plasma and serum: assay conditions and parameters influencing the assay. 625 26

The enzyme activities of alpha-fucosidase (pH 4.0 and pH 5.5), alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase (pH 4.5 and pH 6.0), beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-hexosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase (pH 4.5 and pH 5.5) were investigated in sera from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Several of these activities were significantly increased in sera from patients compared to age-matched control children. CF-patients in a more advanced stage of the disease had a tendency to higher values of some of these hydrolases than those in better condition. No new isoenzymes of these hydrolases were found. Only minor differences could be detected in the pH-profiles of alpha-mannosidase and acid phosphatase from age-matched normal controls, heterozygotes and homozygotes for CF. With our technique, alpha-mannosidase and acid phosphatase showed the same thermostability in CF-patients. CF-heterozygotes and age-matched controls, except at 56 degrees C, when the activity of acid-phosphatase in the plasma from adult CF-heterozygotes decreased more than that from adult controls
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PMID:Acid hydrolases in sera and plasma from patients with cystic fibrosis. 626 20


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