Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genomic clones of human MANB gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-mannosidase, have been isolated, sequenced and analyzed. The human MANB gene spans approximately 22 kb and consists of 24 exons. The 5' flanking region of the gene shows a high G+C content and has two Sp1 and three AP-2 sites. Promoter analysis using deletion constructs of the 5' flanking region fused to the bacterial CAT gene showed that 150 bp of 5' sequence could drive the expression of MANB in COS 7 cells. Determination of the sequence of the 5' end of the alpha-mannosidase mRNA by 5' RACE protocol showed that transcription is initiated from a cluster of sites centered -28 and -20 bp from the first in-frame ATG. These data demonstrate that, like other lysosomal enzyme genes such as those for beta-glucuronidase or beta-hexosaminidase, the human MANB gene is controlled by a short 5' flanking sequence located near the initiation codon.
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PMID:Characterization of the human MANB gene encoding lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidase. 937 Mar 1

The betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (AcBADH) gene of the halophyte Atriplex centralasiatica Iljin is induced by drought, salinity, cold stress and abscisic acid, in parallel with an increase in betaine level. In order to study the molecular basis of its expression and to obtain an effective stress-induced promoter, the 5' flanking region of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (about 1.2 kb) was isolated from the halophyte A. centralasiatica Iljin by screening the genomic library. The transcription start site, which localized at 84 bases upstream of the start ATG, was determined by primer extension and 5'-RACE method. To investigate the molecular mechanism of the stress-induced gene regulation, the AcBADH promoter-beta-glucuronidase chimeric gene constructs containing six deletions were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The AcBADH 5'-flanking region, a promoter strongly induced by salt stress, contains two salt-responsive enhancer regions localized between -1115 and -890, -462 and -230 and one silencer region between -890 and -641.
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PMID:Isolating the promoter of a stress-induced gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from the halophyte Atriplex centralasiatica Iljin. 1235 36

The double-stranded DNA genome of Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV), a member of the family Caulimoviridae, was cloned and sequenced. The genome organization and relationships of the 8303 nt sequence revealed BRRV to be a tentative member of the genus that has been provisionally named "Soybean chlorotic mottle-like viruses", rather than a member of the genus Caulimovirus, in which it had been placed previously. Insertion of the putative 35S promoter homolog of BRRV into promoterless constructs carrying the UidA (beta-glucuronidase) gene resulted in high-level transient expression from cranberry and stable expression from transgenic tobacco. Sequences of 5'-RACE clones derived from transcripts from transgenic tobacco were consistent with the map position of the promoter.
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PMID:Cloning, sequencing, and promoter identification of Blueberry red ringspot virus, a member of the family Caulimoviridae with similarities to the "Soybean chlorotic mottle-like" genus. 1241 51

A line exhibiting expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in the lateral organ junctions and shoot apical meristem (SAM) was identified from a population of T-DNA tagged lines carrying a promoter-less GUS gene. Southern hybridization confirmed the presence of a single T-DNA insertion in this line. The plant sequences flanking the T-DNA were cloned by TAIL PCR and sequenced. The insertion of T-DNA was found to be in the upstream region of a hypothetical gene (At2g39230). This gene, which we term as LOJ to indicate its specific expression in all lateral organ junctions encodes a predicted protein containing pentatricopeptide (PPR) motifs. This gene appears to belong to a group of TATA-less promoters and codes for a long ORF without any intron. The gene apparently codes for a protein of 97.65 kD with a mitochondrial target sequence at the N-terminal. Transcript analysis revealed that the expression of the gene is specifically restricted to the lateral organ junctions throughout the life of the plants. 5' RACE analysis revealed a 95 nucleotide long UTR region for this hypothetical gene. In silico analysis of the upstream region failed to identify a TATA box within -146 nucleotides. GUS expression analysis of the line 149 and the transgenic plants generated with constructs carrying the upstream sequences of this gene fused to uidA identified that the specificity of the expression of this gene resides within -569 to -152 bp region. The specific expression of LOJ at the base of lateral organ and shoot apical meristem (SAM) suggests an important role of LOJ in lateral organ development and boundary demarcation.
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PMID:Cloning and characterization of a pentatricopeptide protein encoding gene (LOJ) that is specifically expressed in lateral organ junctions in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1603 80

Five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in Triticum aestivum. Two full-length genes, named wPR4e and wPR4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wPR4f-b. Two other PR4 genes (wPR4f-a and wPR4f-c) were isolated by PCR, showing very high sequence identity with wPR4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. Transcription start analysis was performed by RLM-RACE, leading to the isolation of a fifth gene, named wPR4g, that is highly homologous to wPR4e; both encode putative vacuolar PR4 proteins (Wheatwin7 and Wheatwin5, respectively). wPR4e and wPR4f sub-family genes are induced by F. culmorum infection, by chemicals that lead to systemic acquired resistance and by wounding, showing different spatial and temporal induction pathways. In silico analysis of the 5' untranslated regions of wPR4e and wPR4f-b revealed the presence of several abiotic and biotic stress-responsive elements. wPR4e and wPR4f-b putative promoters were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and transient and stable expression assays demonstrated that both are able to drive expression of GUS. Characterisation of these new PR4 genes and particularly of their 5' untranslated regions, as well as the determination of their expression patterns, will contribute to our understanding of the responsiveness of this gene family to various stress conditions and of its role in plant defence.
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PMID:Molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat PR4 gene family. 1689 81

Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) is becoming a powerful tool for silencing genes in plants, and several amiRNA vectors have recently been developed based on the natural precursor structures of ath-miR159a, ath-miR164b, ath-miR172a, ath-miR319a and osa-miR528. In this study we generated a simple amiRNA vector (pAmiR169d) based on the structure of Arabidopsis miR169d precursor (pre-miR169d). Two unique restriction sites were created inside the stem region of pre-miR169d, which allows for the artificial miRNA sequences to be cloned as either ~80 bp synthetic oligonucleotides or PCR products. A beta-glucuronidase:green florescent protein fusion gene (GUS-GFP) was efficiently silenced in transient assays using a pAmiR169d-derived construct targeting the GUS-GFP sequence. 5'-RACE showed that the target GUS-GFP transcript was cleaved precisely at the expected position across nucleotides 10 and 11 of the artificial miRNA. Thus, pAmiR169d allows for both easy construction of artificial miRNA constructs and efficient silencing of target genes in plants.
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PMID:A simple artificial microRNA vector based on ath-miR169d precursor from Arabidopsis. 1969 98