Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is discussed as being a signaling molecule in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf senescence. Intracellular H(2)O(2) levels are controlled by the H(2)O(2)-scavenging enzyme catalase in concert with other scavenging and producing systems. Catalases are encoded by a small gene family, and the expression of all three Arabidopsis catalase genes is regulated in a senescence-associated manner. CATALASE2 (CAT2) expression is down-regulated during bolting time at the onset of leaf senescence and appears to be involved in the elevation of the H(2)O(2) level at this time point. To understand the role of CAT2 in senescence regulation in more detail, we used CAT2 promoter fragments in a yeast one-hybrid screen to isolate upstream regulatory factors. Among others, we could identify G-Box Binding Factor1 (GBF1) as a DNA-binding protein of the CAT2 promoter. Transient overexpression of GBF1 together with a CAT2:beta-glucuronidase construct in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants and Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed a negative effect of GBF1 on CAT2 expression. In gbf1 mutant plants, the CAT2 decrease in expression and activity at bolting time and the increase in H(2)O(2) could no longer be observed. Consequently, the onset of leaf senescence and the expression of senescence-associated genes were delayed in gbf1 plants, clearly indicating a regulatory function of GBF1 in leaf senescence, most likely via regulation of the intracellular H(2)O(2) content.
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PMID:G-Box binding factor1 reduces CATALASE2 expression and regulates the onset of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. 2835 46

This study is reporting an outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta-hemolytic group L streptococci in an Austrian dairy herd with a history of high somatic cell count. At the first survey 16 of 33 lactating cows (28 quarters of 132) were cultured positive for beta-hemolytic, CAMP and esculin negative cocci that grew on Columbia blood agar with small grey catalase negative colonies. With the commercial API 20 Strep system (bioMerieux, F) isolates were classified as members of streptococci group L. All tested strains (eight of 28) produced acid from ribose, lactose, trehalose, amidon and glycogen; they hydrolysed hippurate and showed beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase and arginindehydrolase activity. Isolates were sensitive to bacitracin but resistant to tetracycline. Using phenotypic characterisation as well as sequence analysis of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of a representative strain, recovered isolates were identified as Streptococcus (S.) dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis. Mastitis was characterized by normal milk secretions and absence of clinical abnormalities but high elevations of somatic cell count. Based on the characteristics of the strains and on the observations during the first herd survey, contagious transmission during milking as a result of poor milking hygiene was assumed. The mastitis was controlled through implementation of a strict hygiene protocol including use of single-use udder towels, post milking teat desinfection and cluster disinfection between milking cows in combination with antibiotic treatment of infected udders.
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PMID:[Outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta hemolytic group L streptococci (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) in an Austrian dairy herd]. 2205 92

The active compounds in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, are mainly flavonoids which have anti-inflammatory, antitumour, and anti-HIV activity, respectively. The increasing annual average temperature has rendered the S. baicalensis plants grown in some ancient producing regions no longer suitable for their medicinal usage. Hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in root responses to abnormal temperature in S. baicalensis. Baicalin and baicalein and antioxidative enzymes were anticipated to detoxify H2O2 in S. baicalensis. Here, we show that abnormal temperatures (10 and 40 degrees C) decreased the content of flavonoids as compared with the normal temperature (30 degrees C), and the transcripts of UDP-glucuronate:baicalein 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase involved in the interconversion between baicalin and baicalein were affected by the 40-degrees C treatment. High temperature also increased the activities of catalase and peroxidase. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the transcript levels of peroxidase 2, peroxidase 3, monodehydroascorbate reductase 2, and dehydroascorbate reductase were significantly increased under high-temperature conditions. The respective genes would be candidates for improvement of the adaptation of S. baicalensis plants to abnormal temperatures and for regulation of the contents of the active compounds.
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PMID:Flavonoids and antioxidative enzymes in temperature-challenged roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. 2248 44

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of lycopene (LYC) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced oxidative stress and heart lysosomal damage in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with LYC (4mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 21 days. After the treatment period, ISO (85mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously, once daily, to rats for 2 days. Hemodynamic parameters, cardiac marker enzymes, antioxidant, and oxidative stress parameters in serum and heart tissues were measured. ISO treated rats showed significant changes in heart rates, heart weights and serum lipid profiles. The activity of aspartate aminotranferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were increased significantly (p<0.01) in the serum of ISO rats. The levels of lipid peroxides (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and neutrophil infiltration marker; myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly (p<0.01) increased. In addition, the activities of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and cathepsin-d) in the serum and heart of ISO rats were increased significantly. Furthermore, a marked decrease in the levels of serum and cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and cardiac enzymatic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were observed. In vitro study confirmed the strong antioxidant effect of LYC on total antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that LYC supplementation to ISO rats significantly ameliorated lysosomal membrane damage as well as the alterations in cardiac enzymes, lipid profile and oxidative stress markers. These findings revealed the cardioprotective effects of LYC against ISO-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity in rats. These observed effects are mediated via antioxidant power and free radical scavenging activity of LYC.
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PMID:Lycopene attenuates oxidative stress and heart lysosomal damage in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A biochemical study. 2264 Jul 23

At high altitude (HA) hypobaric hypoxic environment manifested several pathophysiological consequences of which gastrointestinal (GI) disorder are very common phenomena. To explore the most possible clue behind this disorder intestinal flora, the major player of the GI functions, were subjected following simulated hypobaric hypoxic treatment in model animal. For this, male albino rats were exposed to 55 kPa (approximately 4872.9 m) air pressure consecutively for 30 days for 8 h/day and its small intestinal microflora, their secreted digestive enzymes and stress induced marker protein were investigated of the luminal epithelia. It was observed that population density of total aerobes significantly decreased, but the quantity of total anaerobes and Escherichia coli increased significantly after 30 days of hypoxic stress. The population density of strict anaerobes like Bifidobacterium sp., Bacteroides sp. and Lactobacillus sp. and obligate anaerobes like Clostridium perfringens and Peptostreptococcus sp. were expanded along with their positive growth direction index (GDI). In relation to the huge multiplication of anaerobes the amount of gas formation as well as content of IgA and IgG increased in duration dependent manner. The activity of some luminal enzymes from microbial origin like a-amylase, gluco-amylase, proteinase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were also elevated in hypoxic condition. Besides, hypoxia induced in formation of malondialdehyde along with significant attenuation of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and lowered GSH/GSSG pool in the intestinal epithelia. Histological study revealed disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier with higher infiltration of lymphocytes in lamina propia and atrophic structure. It can be concluded that hypoxia at HA modified GI microbial imprint and subsequently causes epithelial barrier dysfunction which may relate to the small intestinal dysfunction at HA.
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PMID:Modulation of small intestinal homeostasis along with its microflora during acclimatization at simulated hypobaric hypoxia. 2543 5


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