Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunological relationships have been investigated with acid and alkaline phosphatases, cystine aminopeptidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, catalase and L-glutamate dehydrogenase of human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cattle, sheep, cat, pig, guinea-pig and chicken organ extracts by means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Extensive cross-reactions among the antigens of most of the enzymes were observed. However, enzymic proteins of acid and alkaline phosphatases, cystine aminopeptidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were found to possess primate and/or human-specific antigenic determinants.
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PMID:Species-specific tissue antigens. III. Immunological relationships of enzymic antigens in various species. 5 25

In this study, enzyme activities of the pancreatic appendages of the ductus hepatoPancreas (the so-called "pancreas") in Sepia officinalis L. have been demonstrated by light and electron micicroscopical methods: Malate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, adenosine triphosphatase and carbonic anhydrase were shown by the former, and monoamine oxidase, catalase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, choline esterase (non-specific), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase by the latter technique. The correlation between enzyme activity and distribution, and the presumed function of the two pancreatic epithelia is discussed.
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PMID:The localization of enzyme activities in the pancreatic appendages of Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda). 15 95

To test whether lysosomal degranulation of phagocytes is associated with antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, eggs of Arbacia punctulata were used as targets for blood phagocytes of Mustelus canis. Eggs were coated with heat-aggregated dogfish IgM and exposed to phagocytes, and cytolysis of eggs was observed by Nomarski optics. Phagocytes adhered, degranulated, and raised fertilization membranes resembling those induced by sperm or ionophore A23187. Lysis was then observed as damage radiating from the point of phagocyte-egg contact. By 4 hr, coated eggs exposed to phagocytes released 8.9, 12.3, and 7.4% of total catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) into the medium. Cytotoxic enzyme release significantly exceeded that from uncoated eggs incubated with phagocytes or eggs alone (uncoated or coated). Because activated eggs release a neutral protease, it was considered possible that this enzyme might be responsible for autolysis of eggs. This possibility was excluded because (i) lysis of eggs was not inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) whereas the egg protease was sensitive to SBTI, and (ii) the major trypsin-like activity of phagocytes was not inhibited by SBTI. These experiments demonstrate that Ig-coated cells are first activated, and then killed, when exposed to degranulating phagocytes and suggest that enzymes from attacking phagocytes, and not target cells, are responsible for cell death.
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PMID:Attack of sea urchin eggs by dogfish phagocytes: model of phagocyte-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. 34 48

Blood phagocytes of the dogfish Mustelus canis attack oocytes of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata, first provoking a surrogate fertilization response and then killing the eggs. To test the hypothesis that secretion of lysosomal contents is critical in this model of phagocyte-mediated cell injury, we studied effects of agents that modify lysosomal enzyme secretion. Inhibitors of membrane transport (>0.1 mM) inhibited postphagocytic secretion of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase from dogfish phagocytes: phloretin > ethacrynate > furosemide > 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid >> pyridoxal phosphate > ouabain. The same order of activity was found for inhibition by these agents of killing of Arbacia eggs by phagocytes. Cell activation (fertilization response) and cytotoxicity were quantitated both morphologically and by measurements of enzyme (beta-glucuronidase, catalase) release. The agents neither inhibited fertilization responses of eggs to calcium ionophore A23187 nor impaired their viability. Vital staining demonstrated that ethacrynate prevented phagocytes from degranulating upon contact with zymosan particles. The data not only suggest that agents primarily known for their capacity to inhibit membrane transport systems can inhibit lysosomal enzyme secretion from phagocytes but also support the hypothesis that secretion of lysosomal contents mediates activation and killing of target cells in phagocyte-mediated tissue injury.
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PMID:Inhibitors of membrane transport reduce lysosomal enzyme secretion from dogfish phagocytes and their killing of sea urchin eggs. 37 88

Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis is characterized by pigmentary degeneration of the retina, psychomotor degeneration, epilepsy and intracellular deposition of ceroidlipofuscin. Recent reports have suggested that deficiency of peroxidase is the basic genetic defect. However, deficiency of myeloperoxidase could be demonstrated in some but not all patients; this deficiency was noted only when p-phenylenediamine (PPD) was used as hydrogen donor and could not be confirmed with guaiacol. We found that horseradish peroxidase (HR-P) oxidized PPD in the absence of added H2O2. The oxidative product of PPD showed the same absorption spectrum as the peroxidative product. The oxidation of PPD by HR-P was not inhibited by catalase or superoxide dismutase. In addition, catalase oxidized PPD in the presence of H2O2. Soluble and granular fractions obtained from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) also oxidized PPD in the absence of H2O2. Addition of H2O2 inhibited the oxidation of PPD in some cell fractions. This inhibition could be partially eliminated by dialysis of the cell fractions. Thus, PPD is not a suitable hydrogen donor for the study of peroxidase. This may explain the variable results obtained by the previous investigators. In contrast, guaiacol did not show these undesirable characteristics. The PMN peroxidase (measured with guaiacol), catalase, beta-glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in individuals from three families with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Family 1: an affected boy and healthy parents; all showed normal enzyme activities in both soluble and granular fractions. Family 2: two affected sisters, one healthy sib and mother, and Family 3: one affected boy; all showed reduced peroxidase activities in the granular fractions. Other enzymes were normal. The role of peroxidase deficiency in the pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis is not clear. The basic defect of this syndrome remains uncertain.
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PMID:Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Studies of granulocyte enzyme activities. 65 Feb 51

Assay procedures were developed for a number of enzymes in milk which apparently originate from leucocytes. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, alpha-mannosidase, and catalase. Quarter-milk samples were analysed for enzyme activity and results compared with the electronic cell count and the Wisconsin Mastitis Test. All enzymes measured except acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase showed good correlation with the electronic cell count. Of the other 4 enzymes tested, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase were unsuitable as diagnostic aids owing to the lengthy incubation periods required in their assay procedures. The assay of catalase, which involved the measurement of the initial rate of release of O2 using an O2 analyser apparatus, was rapid, sensitive and reasonably reliable, if fresh milk samples were used. The assay procedure for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was considered to be the most reliable, simple and rapid enzymic method for estimating the number of somatic cells in milk.
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PMID:Enzymic methods for estimation of the somatic cell count in bovine milk. 1. Development of assay techniques and a study of their usefulness in evaluating the somatic cell content of milk. 95 73

"Capacitase," a product combining beta-amylase and beta-glucuronidase, was compatible with survival of bull spermatozoa frozen in whole milk-glycerol extender at final concentrations per ml of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mug of beta-amylase combined with 0, 75, 150, and 300 units of beta-glucuronidase, respectively. Bull semen was frozen in whole milk-glycerol extender containing the three lower concentrations of enzymes tested in the previous trial and used to inseminate 9057 first-service cows within 4 mo of freezing. The 60- to 90-day percent nonreturns were 74.6, 75.6, and 75.0. The same treatments plus a fourth one containing 10 mug of catalase per ml were fertility tested in another trial. Insemination of 16,842 cows resulted in 75.6, 74.1, 74.6, and 74.2% nonreturns. In this trial semen was held immersed in liquid nitrogen and distributed for immediate use each mo for 6 mo. There was no change in fertility during 6 mo of continuous storage at --196 C. Under the conditions tested neither catalase nor beta-amylase with beta-glucuronidase enhanced fertility of frozen bull semen.
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PMID:Fertility of bull semen frozen with beta-amylase, beta-glucuronidase, and catalase. 99 19

In the cytoenzymatic investigations of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with hyperthyroidism there was found the increase of acid phosphatase activity, beta-glucuronidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and catalase moreover there was found the decrease of the activity of alkaline phosphatase. After a two-week treatment with thiamazole (methimazole++) 50 mg in 24-hour dose there was observed the decrease of acid phosphatase activity in neutrophils. During incubation of plasma containing leucocytes, from healthy persons, with L-thyroxine there was observed the increase of the activity for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. In patients with hyperthyroidism there appear many changes of enzymic equipment of neutrophils which are concerned with lysosomal and connected with cell membrane enzymes. The results of cytochemical investigations after application of thiamazole and no difference, with exception of catalase, between patients with Graves-Basedow disease and with toxic goitre and the results of investigations in vitro with L-thyroxin point out, that there is the possibility of connection between the observed changes in the range of enzymic equipment of neutrophils and the hormonal state of the investigated group of patients.
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PMID:[Cytochemical properties of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with hyperthyroidism]. 148 61

Studies in rats indicate that neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs] are associated with areas of tissue damage after treatment with the hepatotoxicant, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). Several synthetic and naturally occurring substances stimulate PMNs to release cytotoxic mediators, such as superoxide (O2-). The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ANIT stimulates the release of O2- from isolated rat PMNs. PMNs derived from rat peritoneum were treated with ANIT in vitro and tested for release of O2-. ANIT caused the release of O2- from PMNs in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal O2- release (10 +/- 1 nmoles/30 minutes/2 x 10(6) cells) was achieved by an ANIT concentration of 110 microM. This ANIT-induced O2- release was significantly reduced or blocked completely by preincubation of PMNs for 10 minutes with 10 microM or 100 microM SKF 525A, respectively. The beta-isomer of ANIT, which does not cause cholestasis in vivo, did not stimulate O2- release. ANIT-stimulated O2- production decreased sharply after 5 minutes of incubation with ANIT and ceased entirely between 10 to 15 minutes. Shortly after this decrease in O2- production was an increase in the extracellular activity of lactate dehydrogenase. PMNs exposed to ANIT also failed to exclude trypan blue dye, either in the presence or in the absence of superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting a direct, oxygen radical-independent, cytotoxic effect of ANIT on PMNs. Release of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, occurred within 5 minutes of incubation of isolated PMNs with ANIT (110 microM). These results indicate that exposure of rat PMNs to the hepatotoxicant, ANIT, causes the release of cytotoxic agents, whereas its less hepatotoxic beta-isomer does not.
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PMID:The cholestatic agent, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate, stimulates superoxide release by rat neutrophils in vitro. 216 98

The first intron of castor bean catalase gene, cat-1 was placed in the N-terminal region of the coding sequence of the beta-glucuronidase gene (gusA) and the intron-containing gusA was used with the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Using this plasmid, pIG221, the effect of the intron on expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was examined in transgenic rice calli and plants (a monocotyledon), and transgenic tobacco plants (a dicotyledon). The intron-containing plasmid increased the level of GUS enzyme activity 10 to 40-fold and 80 to 90-fold compared with the intronless plasmid, pBI221, in transgenic rice protoplasts and transgenic rice tissues, respectively. In contrast, the presence of the intron hardly influenced the expression of the GUS activity in transgenic tobacco plants. Northern blot analysis showed that the catalase intron was efficiently spliced in rice cells while transgenic tobacco plants contained both spliced and unspliced gusA transcripts in equal amounts. Furthermore, the level of the mature gusA transcript in transformed rice calli was greatly increased in the presence of the intron. The catalase intron was removed at the same splice junctions in transgenic rice and tobacco plants. These findings indicate that the stimulating effect of the intron on GUS expression is correlated with an efficient splicing of pre-mRNA and an increased level of mature mRNA.
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PMID:Enhancement of foreign gene expression by a dicot intron in rice but not in tobacco is correlated with an increased level of mRNA and an efficient splicing of the intron. 226 44


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