Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Nicotiana tabacum gene encoding the basic PR-like protein osmotin was isolated and characterized. The gene is derived from the N. sylvestris parent of N. tabacum. In cell suspension cultures of tobacco, the osmotin gene was shown to be transcriptionally activated by treatment with ABA. Transcriptional activation of the osmotin promoter was further investigated in transformed plants carrying copies of a fusion of the cloned promoter to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. In these plants, the osmotin promoter is transcriptionally activated by the hormones ABA and ethylene. The sensitivity of the osmotin promoter to ABA applied exogenously decreased with age in both roots and shoots of young seedlings. NaCl shock also activated the promoter in plant tissues. The osmotin promoter is much more active in root tissues than in shoot tissues.
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PMID:Analysis of structure and transcriptional activation of an osmotin gene. 138 35

Genomic and cDNA clones have been isolated for an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, ARSK1, that encodes a protein with structural similarities to serine/threonine kinases. Expression of ARSK1 is root specific and is induced by exposing roots to air during growth or by treatment of roots with ABA or NaCl. ARSK1 gene expression in transgenic plants is confined to cells in the tissues of the root as measured by beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression from an ARSK1 gene promoter-GUS gene construct. Transverse sections of the stained roots further defined the tissue-specificity; high levels of expression in the epidermal, endoepidermal and cortex regions, but no or very little expression in the vascular system. Another feature of the expression pattern of the ARSK1 gene was a gradual increase in the expression expression level along the root with the highest level of expression in the region closest to the root meristem. These studies suggest that ARSK1 may have a role in the signal transduction pathway of osmotic stress.
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PMID:An Arabidopsis thaliana root-specific kinase homolog is induced by dehydration, ABA, and NaCl. 765 6

We have isolated three HSP90-family genes from Arabidopsis: HSP81-1 which is heat-inducible, and HSP81-2 and -3 which are highly expressed under normal growth temperatures. Northern blot analysis and RNase protection analysis, using gene specific probes, showed that HSP81-2 and -3 mRNA were present in all tissues and abundant in roots, floral bud clusters, and flowers at 22 degrees C. A small amount of HSP81-1 mRNA was detected only in roots. In situ hybridization and histochemical analysis using transgenic plants carrying chimeric gene fusions, with an HSP81 promoter region fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, confirmed these results. At 22 degrees C, high GUS activity was observed in the root apical meristems, pollen and tapeta in HSP81-2::GUS and HSP81-3::GUS transgenic plants, while only branches of the root in HSP81-1::GUS transgenic plants expressed high GUS activity. After 2 hours of 35 degrees C treatment, extensively high GUS activity was observed in all tissues in HSP81-1::GUS transgenic plants, while elevated but tissue specific expression was observed in HSP81-2 and -3 transgenic plants. Exogenous application of various chemicals such as ABA, GA3, kinetin, IAA, NaCl, and mannitol revealed that 10 mM IAA and 0.1 M NaCl significantly enhanced the accumulation of HSP81-2 and -3 transcripts. Only a slight response to IAA was observed in HSP81-1 mRNA accumulation at 22 degrees C; the increase was possibly caused by a novel pathway other than heat-shock-response pathway.
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PMID:Analysis of tissue-specific expression of Arabidopsis thaliana HSP90-family gene HSP81. 769 94

The genomic clone for BN115, a low-temperature-responsive gene, was isolated from winter Brassica napus and its sequence was determined. A 1.2-kb fragment of the 5' regulatory region (from bp -1107 to +100) was fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and BN115-promoted GUS expression was observed in green tissues of transgenic B. napus plants only after incubation at 2 degrees C. No expression was observed after incubation at 22 degrees C, either in the presence or the absence of ABA. Microprojectile bombardment of winter B. napus leaves with a BN115 promoter/GUS construct yielded similar results and was used to analyze a series of deletions from the 5' end of the promoter. Results obtained from transient expression studies showed that the low-temperature regulation of BN115 expression involves a possible enhancer region between bp -1107 and -802 and a second positive regulatory region located between bp -302 and -274. Deletion analyses and results from replacement with a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter suggest that the minimal size required for any maintenance of low-temperature GUS expression is a -300-bp fragment. Within this fragment are two 8-bp elements with the sequence TGGCCGAC, which are identical to those present in the positive regulatory region of the promoter of the homologous Arabidopsis cor15a gene and to a 5-bp core sequence in the low-temperature- and dehydration-responsive elements identified in the promoter regions of several cold-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana genes.
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PMID:Regulation of BN115, a low-temperature-responsive gene from winter Brassica napus. 782 59

CDeT6-19 is an ABA-regulated gene which has been isolated from Craterostigma plantagineum. The CDeT6-19 gene promoter has been fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and used to stably transform Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. This construct has been shown to be expressed in stomatal guard cells and often in the adjacent epidermal cells of both species in response to both exogenous ABA and drought stress. These results indicate that the stomatal guard cell is competent to relay an ABA signal to the nucleus. In contrast GUS expression directed by the promoter from a predominantly seed-specific, ABA-regulated gene, Em, or the promoter from the ABA-regulated CDeT27-45 gene is not detectable in the epidermal or guard cells of tobacco or Arabidopsis in response to ABA. The fact that not all ABA-regulated gene promoters are active in stomatal guard cells suggests that effective transduction of the signal is dependent upon particular regions within the gene promoter or that guard cells lack all or part of the specific transduction apparatus required to couple the ABA signal to these promoters. This suggests that there are multiple ABA stimulus response coupling pathways. The identification of a regulatory sequence from an ABA-induced gene which is expressed in stomatal guard cells creates the possibility of examining the role of Ca2+ and other second messengers in ABA-induced gene expression.
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PMID:ABA-regulated promoter activity in stomatal guard cells. 789 3

The resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum can recover from severe desiccation within 24 h of contact with water, and it is used as a model system to analyse desiccation tolerance in higher plants. During drying or ABA treatment a specific set of transcripts accumulates rapidly in leaves and other tissues. In order to study transcriptional mechanisms of stress-induced gene expression one gene (CDeT27-45) was selected for promoter analysis. Chimeric gene fusions were constructed of the CDeT27-45 promoter and beta-glucuronidase or luciferase. These constructs were tested in a homologous transient expression system which allowed the identification of promoter elements conferring ABA inducibility. By introducing the chimeric gene fusions into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation we found that the promoter activity is under strict tissue-specific and developmental control. In tobacco the promoter was only active in developing embryos and in mature pollen grains-two tissues which are naturally desiccation tolerant in tobacco. The specific temporal expression pattern was attributed to particular 5' upstream sequences. The promoter analysis presented here should allow the separation of important regulatory components as a first step in dissecting events in the signal transduction chain.
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PMID:Analysis of a desiccation and ABA-responsive promoter isolated from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. 822 Apr 73

In Craterostigma plantagineum the CDeT-6-19 and CDeT-27-45 genes are expressed following desiccation and/or ABA treatment. Their promoters were fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and tested in transgenic Arabidopsis. GUS activity was measured in mature Arabidopsis seeds, and the responsiveness to ABA in vegetative tissue was found to be limited to the early developmental stages. When transgenic plants were crossed with plants over-expressing the ABI3 gene, it was observed that ABI3 is not required for ABA induction of the CDeT-6-19 promoter, whereas it is crucial for expression of the CDeT-27-45 promoter.
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PMID:Differential regulation of two ABA-inducible genes from Craterostigma plantagineum in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. 861 58

DC8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) protein gene isolated from carrot (Daucus carota). Deletion analysis of the DC8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for ABA and seed-specific regulation of DC8 transcription. To investigate the mechanism of DC8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing DC8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (DC8:GUS) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Seed-specific DC8 expression patterns was conserved among the three plant species. However, differences among the species in the patterns of DC8 expression in the embryo and endosperm that correlated with differences in the rates of embryo and endosperm growth were found. Lack of correspondence between DC8 activation and embryo development among the seeds of the three species suggests that DC8 expression, which is associated with seed maturation, is not coupled to the embryo development program. The presence of DC8 activity in carrot callus and endosperm is consistent with the notion that DC8 expression is independent of embryo morphogenesis. A similar DC8 activity time-course during callus induction and seed development suggests that explantation and 2,4-D treatment initiates a course of events similar to that in the carrot ovule. After fertilization, two pathways one leading to embryo development and another to seed maturation are initiated, but they are not closely linked. As a result we find DC8, part of the maturation program, being activated at different embryonic stages in different plant species.
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PMID:Expression of DC8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis. 870 45

The promoter region (-309 to +44) of the Brassica napus storage protein gene napA was studied in transgenic tobacco by successive 5' as well as internal deletions fused to the reporter gene GUS (beta-glucuronidase). The expression in the two main tissues of the seed, the endosperm and the embryo, was shown to be differentially regulated. This tissue-specific regulation within the seed was found to affect the developmental expression during seed development. The region between -309 to -152, which has a large effect on quantitative expression, was shown to harbour four elements regulating embryo and one regulating endosperm expression. This region also displayed enhancer activity. Deletion of eight bp from position -152 to position -144 totally abolished the activity of the napA promoter. This deletion disrupted a cis element with similarity to an ABA-responsive element (ABRE) overlapping with an E-box, demonstrating its crucial importance for quantitative expression. An internal deletion of the region -133 to -120, resulted in increased activity in both leaves and endosperm and a decreased activity in the embryo. Within this region, a cis element similar to the (CA)n element, found in other storage protein promoters, was identified. This suggest that the (CA)n element is important for conferring seed specificity by serving both as an activator and a repressor element.
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PMID:Functional dissection of a napin gene promoter: identification of promoter elements required for embryo and endosperm-specific transcription. 900

In plants, a cis-acting element, DRE/CRT, is involved in ABA-independent gene expression in response to dehydration and low-temperature stress. To understand signal transduction pathways from perception of the dehydration stress signal to gene expression, we characterized a gene family for DRE/CRT-binding proteins DREB2A and DREB2B in Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern analysis showed that both genes are induced by dehydration and high-salt stress. Organ-specific northern analysis with gene-specific probes showed that these genes are strongly induced in roots by high-salt stress and in stems and roots by dehydration stress. The DREB2A gene is located on chromosome 5, and DREB2B on chromosome 3. We screened an Arabidopsis genomic DNA library with cDNA fragments of DREB2A and DREB2B as probes, and isolated DNA fragments that contained 5'-flanking regions of these genes. Sequence analysis showed that both genes are interrupted by a single intron at identical positions in their leader sequence. Several conserved sequences were found in the promoter regions of both genes. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the DREB2 promoters was induced by dehydration and high-salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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PMID:Organization and expression of two Arabidopsis DREB2 genes encoding DRE-binding proteins involved in dehydration- and high-salinity-responsive gene expression. 1080 11


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