Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To analyze the promoter region(s) of divergently transcribed fungal genes, a twin-reporter vector was constructed. This vector contains two divergently oriented reported genes, encoding Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (uidA) and E. coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ). Terminator regions of the Aspergillus nidulans nitrate and nitrite reductase-encoding genes, niaD and niiA, respectively, have been cloned 3' to the reporter genes to ensure proficient transcription termination of the reporter genes. The reporter genes have been separated by a unique NotI restriction site, which can be used for the insertion of expression signals. A mutant argB selection marker has been introduced in order to obtain A. nidulans transformants with a single copy of the vector integrated at the argB locus. The use of the vector was demonstrated by insertion of the A. nidulans niaD-niiA intergenic region and analysis of A. nidulans transformants obtained with this construct. Control of expression of both reporter genes was found to be in accordance with previously published data on control of nitrate assimilation [Cove, Biol. Rev. 54 (1979) 291-327].
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PMID:A twin-reporter vector for simultaneous analysis of expression signals of divergently transcribed, contiguous genes in filamentous fungi. 191 71

The activities of three bacterial biotransformation enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, nitrate reductase) were determined in suspensions of rat caecal contents or human faeces over the pH range 6-8. All three enzymes were influenced by pH, as exemplified by beta-glucosidase activity which diminished as pH increased. In other instances the rat and human flora showed distinct profiles, with nitrate reductase activity undetectable in human faeces below pH 6.6, whereas the rat caecal flora displayed optimal reduction of nitrate around neutrality. The most pronounced host-species difference was found with beta-glucuronidase, which showed maximal activity at pH 6.0 in human faecal bacteria, while the rat caecal flora expressed greatest activity at pH 8.0. All three enzyme activities were associated with that fraction of rat caecal or human faecal material sedimented by centrifugation at 5000 g for 15 min, with little or no metabolism occurring in the 11,000 g supernatant fluid. The results demonstrate that pH has a pronounced effect on the enzymic activity of bacterial preparations from rat and human sources.
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PMID:The influence of incubation pH on the activity of rat and human gut flora enzymes. 250 31

The effects of inhaled alpha emitters on the free cell population of the mouse lung were investigated up to 100 days after exposure. Groups of mice inhaled aerosols of 238PuO2, 239PuO2, or 241Am(NO3)3 to give alveolar deposits resulting in lung-averaged cumulative absorbed doses of about 20 Gy by the end of the study. Initially, with 238Pu most of the activity was associated with relatively few pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM), whereas with 241Am, all pulmonary alveolar macrophages were labeled and a substantial fraction was extracellular. The free cell population of the lung was sampled using bronchoalveolar lavage. The main parameters investigated were (a) the recovery and total numbers of free cells, including PAM, lymphocytes, and neutrophils; (b) the incidence of nuclear abnormalities in PAM (cells with more than one nucleus or with micronuclei); and (c) metabolic activation of PAM from measurements of their size and associated beta-glucuronidase activity. All three actinides produced depletions in total numbers of PAM, increased incidences of nuclear abnormalities, and metabolic activation of PAM, without a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells. Americium-241, which is distributed relatively uniformly in PAM, produced the most marked changes in that population and 238Pu, which gave the most inhomogeneous distribution of activity, produced the least.
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PMID:Effect of inhaled alpha-emitting nuclides on mouse alveolar macrophages. 275 18

The glucuronide of N-1-hydroxy-ethyl flurazepam has been analysed by a direct liquid inlet liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric system using MeOH/H2O (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.7 ml min-1. Urine samples were purified by amberlite XAD-2 chromatography; the glucuronide was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using a counterion (tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate in methanol). Chromatographic results were validated by an enzymatic method: treatment of the samples with beta-glucuronidase and extraction of the parent drug with ethyl ether at pH 9. The biological application of this method was demonstrated by determination of this glucuronide in the urine of healthy human volunteers following a single intravenous administration of 50 mg of N-1-hydroxy-ethyl flurazepam.
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PMID:Direct liquid inlet liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric identification and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a benzodiazepine glucuronide. 276 96

Aspergillus niger transformation frequencies of up to 1,176 transformants per micrograms DNA were achieved using the plasmid vector pSTA10 containing the A. niger nitrate reductase structural gene. Analysis of genomic endonuclease cleaved DNA from nitrate utilising transformants by DNA hybridisation, showed that most integration events are as a result of homologous recombination. The niaD transformation system was used successfully for the introduction of the unselected Escherichia coli fusion genes lacZ, encoding beta-galactosidase, and uidA, for beta-glucuronidase, as well as the Neurospora crassa tub-2 gene, for beta-tubulin. pSTA10 was also capable of transforming niaD mutants of other filamentous fungi such as A.nidulans, A. oryzae and Penicillium chrysogenum.
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PMID:Improved transformation efficiency of Aspergillus niger using the homologous niaD gene for nitrate reductase. 279 Oct 35

For 30 days, male weanling rats were fed a semipurified, fiber-free diet or a diet that contained 5, 15, or 30% (wt/wt) wheat bran. The activities of four cecal microbial enzymes were determined. Wheat bran significantly increased the wet weight content of the cecum and total bacterial count per cecum at the intermediate- and high-treatment levels, but it had no effect on bacterial concentration per gram wet weight of cecal contents. Total beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activities per cecum were generally increased. Wheat bran decreased total nitrate reductase activity, but there was no change in total nitroreductase activity. Wheat bran significantly decreased enzyme activities for nitro-and nitrate reduction per gram of cecal contents but increased beta-glucosidase activity. The activities of the enzymes per 10(11) bacteria followed a similar pattern to that noted per gram of cecal contents. Such fiber-dependent changes in enzyme activity may alter the steady-state concentration of toxic and genotoxic chemicals in the lumen of the hindgut.
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PMID:Influence of wheat bran on some reductive and hydrolytic activities of the rat cecal flora. 301 Feb 50

The effect of copper on the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites from starch elicited, rat, peritoneal macrophages was investigated. Copper sulphate, in the range 10(-6)-10(-5) M, inhibited the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and thromboxane (Tx) B2, the stable metabolite of TxA2, in a dose dependent manner but had no effect on the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable product of prostacyclin. At higher concentrations (5 x 10(-5) and 10(-4) M) the synthesis of all three metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) was stimulated as was the release of radioactivity from macrophages prelabelled with 14C AA. Copper had no effect on the metabolism of exogenous AA however. At 10(-4) M copper also stimulated secretion of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (GUR). Copper nitrate (10(-4) M), but not zinc sulphate, also stimulated eicosanoid formation and lysosomal enzyme release. Our results are consistent with the idea that copper stimulates eicosanoid formation via an effect on PL activity.
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PMID:Copper modulation of macrophage cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis. 312 17

1. The activities of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl, beta-glucosaminidase were estimated in normal and pathological rat urine, with 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides as substrates. 2. Kidney damage induced by injections of uranium nitrate, mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate or 4-nitrophenylarsonic acid causes a marked increase in the urinary excretion of all four enzymes. 3. The rise in beta-glucosidase activity was associated with the appearance of a new urinary enzyme species, which was examined by starch-gel electrophoresis, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and filtration on Sephadex G-75 and G-200. 4. This enzyme appears to be identical with its counterpart in the kidney, and it is suggested that it arises in the urine as a result of renal tubular breakdown. 5. The other glycosidases examined also show some physical similarities to the corresponding enzymes of the rat kidney.
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PMID:Rat-urine glycosidases and kidney damage. 602 12

All of the common cytochalasins activate superoxide anion release and exocytosis of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and lysozyme from guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) incubated in a buffered sucrose medium. Half-maximal activation of both processes is produced by approx. 0.2 microM cytochalasin A, C greater than 2 microM cytochalasin B greater than or equal to 4-5 microM cytochalasin D, E. While maximal rates of O2- release and extents of exocytosis require extracellular calcium (1-2 mM), replacing sucrose with monovalent cation chlorides is inhibitory to neutrophil activation by cytochalasins. Na+, K+ or choline inhibit either cytochalasin B- or E-stimulated O2- production with IC50 values of 5-10 mM and inhibition occurs whether Cl-, NO3- or SCN- is the anion added with Na+ or K+. Release of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in control or cytochalasin B-stimulated cells is inhibited by NaCl(IC50 approximately 10 mM), while cytochalasin E-stimulated exocytosis is reduced less and K+ or choline chloride are ineffective in inhibiting either cytochalasin B- or E-stimulated exocytosis. Release of beta-glucuronidase, myeloperoxidase or acid phosphatase from neutrophils incubated in buffered sucrose is not stimulated by cytochalasin B. Stimulation of either O2- or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase release by low concentrations of cytochalasin A is followed by inhibition of each at higher concentrations. It appears that all cytochalasins can activate both NAD(P)H oxidase and selective degranulation of neutrophils incubated in salt-restricted media and that differential inhibition of these two processes by monovalent cations and/or anions is produced at some step(s) subsequent to cytochalasin interaction with the cell.
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PMID:Activation of superoxide production and differential exocytosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cytochalasins A, B, C, D and E. Effects of various ions. 627 16

We studied 12 coryneform isolates having similar biochemical profiles which did not permit their assignment to any recognized taxa. Human semen was the source for seven of these strains, whereas the other strains were isolated from urethra, urine, and blood specimens of adult male patients. These bacteria were found in significant quantities (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml) in semen specimens from infertile male patients with the diagnosis of prostatitis. These strains had characteristics of the genus Corynebacterium, such as 60 mol% G + C in the DNA and corynemycolic acids, meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose in the cell wall. Quantitative DNA-DNA hybridizations (S1 nuclease procedure) and phylogenies based on comparisons of almost-complete small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed that these strains constitute a single new species within the genus Corynebacterium. All 12 strains showed similar phenotypic features, i.e., good growth on sheep blood agar in contrast with poor growth on the same medium supplemented with 1% Tween 80, a positive CAMP test in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, glucose and sucrose fermentation, and the presence of beta-glucuronidase. Some strains reduced nitrate and hydrolyzed urea or esculin. These features allowed us to distinguish these strains from members of any other coryneform taxon, and the proposed name is Corynebacterium seminale with strain IBS B12915 (CIP 104297) as the type strain. The description and delineation of these strains as a new species should be useful for further studies, including evaluations of their prevalence among the normal flora and their clinical implications.
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PMID:Corynebacterium seminale sp. nov., a new species associated with genital infections in male patients. 749 9


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