Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of orally administered lactobacilli on acute rotavirus diarrhea was tested in 42 well-nourished children ages 5-28 months. After oral rehydration, the patients were randomized to a study group, receiving human Lactobacillus casei strain GG 10(10) colony-forming units twice daily for five days, or a control group not given lactobacilli. Lactobacillus GG was found in the feces in 83% of the study group. The diarrheal phase was shortened in that group. Dietary supplementation with lactobacilli significantly influenced the bacterial enzyme profile: urease activity during diarrhea transiently increased in the control group but not in the study group; F = 8.6, P = 0.01. No intergroup differences were found in beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and glycocholic acid hydrolase levels. We suggest that rotavirus infection gives rise to biphasic diarrhea, the first phase being an osmotic diarrhea and the second associated with overgrowth of specifically urease-producing bacteria. Oral bacteriotherapy appears a promising means to counteract the disturbed microbial balance.
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PMID:Oral bacteriotherapy for viral gastroenteritis. 799 84

The effects of yogurt containing viable Lactobacillus strain GG (L. GG) and/or fiber supplements on fecal enzyme activities (beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, beta-glucosidase, glycocholic acid hydrolase, urease) and on bacterial metabolites in urine (phenol, p-cresol) were studied in 64 females, 20-41 y old. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the first group received L. GG yogurt (2 x 150 mL/d, containing 10(11) colony-forming units (cfu)/L of L. GG), the second group received L. GG yogurt and a rye fiber product (30 g/d, equivalent to 9 g fiber/d), and the third group received placebo yogurt (pasteurized) and fiber. The supplementation period lasted 4 wk, with a preceding 2-wk baseline period and a 2-wk follow-up period. The mean fecal count of L. GG was approximately 10(6) cfu/g feces during the supplementation, and L. GG persisted in the fecal samples of 28% of the subjects for 2 wk after supplementation. L. GG yogurt alone or with fiber significantly decreased fecal beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and glycocholic acid hydrolase activities. These enzyme activities returned to baseline levels during the follow-up period. beta-Glucosidase and urease activities were not altered significantly during the study. The addition of fiber to L. GG and placebo yogurt had no effect on the enzymic activities. Urinary excretion of p-cresol decreased significantly in groups receiving L. GG. These data demonstrate that L. GG can modify the colonic environment with possible health effects.
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PMID:Lactobacillus strain GG supplementation decreases colonic hydrolytic and reductive enzyme activities in healthy female adults. 828 90

We have developed a simple, rapid and sensitive assay for tRNA gene expression in plant cells. A plant tRNA(Leu) gene was site-specifically mutated to encode each of the three anticodon sequences (CUA, UUA and UCA) that recognize, respectively, the amber, ochre and opal stop codons. The suppression activity of these genes was detected by their ability to restore transient beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in tobacco protoplasts electroporated with GUS genes containing premature stop codons. Protoplasts co-electroporated with the amber suppressor tRNA gene and a GUS gene containing a premature amber stop codon showed up to 20-25% of the activity found in protoplasts transfected with the functional control GUS gene. Ochre and opal suppressors presented maximum efficiencies of less than 1%. This system could be adapted to examine transcription, processing or aminoacylation of tRNAs in plant cells. In addition, phenotypically normal, fertile tobacco plants expressing a stably incorporated amber suppressor tRNA gene have been obtained. This suppressor tRNA can be used to transactivate a target gene containing a premature amber stop codon by a factor of at least several hundred-fold.
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PMID:Transfer RNA-mediated suppression of stop codons in protoplasts and transgenic plants. 834 3

The intestinal microflora was indirectly evaluated in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) by analysing enzyme activities--urease, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase--in faeces. In 18 out of 26 JCA patients, the illness had been diagnosed during the past year. The control group was composed of eight age-matched control patients and 18 family members of JCA patients (3-36 yr). The mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] urease activity, but not the activities of beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase, in faeces from the JCA group differed from that in the control group: 32.3 (26.6-38.1) nmol/min/mg protein vs 24.0 (16.8-31.6), P = 0.07. The difference was more marked in a comparison of JCA patients with family members (P = 0.03). In a subgroup of subjects, the effect of 10 days oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG on faecal enzyme activities was then investigated (n = 8 JCA patients, n = 8 control patients). This short-term oral bacteriotherapy reduced the increased urease activity in faeces of JCA patients. Keeping in mind the small number of subjects, it may be inferred from the present results that the increased urease activity in JCA is specific for the disease, suggesting altered intestinal microflora in JCA.
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PMID:Increased bacterial urease activity in faeces in juvenile chronic arthritis: evidence of altered intestinal microflora? 867 Jun 6

The effects of lactulose and lactitol (2 x 10 g/d) were studied in 36 healthy volunteers in comparison to placebo. All parameters studied were affected by both treatments, lactulose in general leading to more pronounced changes compared to lactitol. Probiotic bacteria were increased, and putrefactive bacteria and potential pathogens were significantly reduced. These variations in colonic flora had the following consequences: (i) a reduced activity of pro-carcinogenic enzymes: azoreductase, 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and urease activity; (ii) a global increase of short-chain fatty acids in faeces; (iii) an effect on pH and moisture of faeces, and (iv) also on aromatic compounds such as phenol, cresol, indole and skatol. The findings suggest that lactulose and lactitol are not comparable in their effect on the colonic microflora, its metabolism, and the consequent probiotic effects on human health. The differences found may also be of clinical relevance suggesting that neither compound is equipotent.
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PMID:Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity. 914 45

Daily and inter-individual variations of faecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase activities and their associations with parameters of bowel function were studied in 10 residents of an old people's home during two 1-week periods 2 weeks apart. The effect of sampling method (a spot sample vs an aliquot of the homogenized sample from a total daily collection) on the activities of these enzymes and that of urease was also assessed. Intestinal transit time was determined using the radio-opaque Sitzmark; capsules, and questionnaires on bowel function and intakes of fluids and fibre-containing foods were completed. The mean (95% confidence interval) beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase levels were 3.08 (2.75-3.41) and 11.53 (10.79-12.26) nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Daily variations in enzyme activities within individuals were not significant (P = 0.277 and 0.990, respectively), whilst those between individuals were highly significant (P = 0.000). Faecal frequency correlated negatively with beta-glucuronidase and urease, but no other associations of the enzyme activities with parameters of bowel function and diet were observed. beta-Glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were not affected by the sampling method, while significantly higher urease was obtained by spot sampling as compared with the aliquot representing the total daily collection. Large inter-individual variations in faecal enzyme activities should be taken into consideration when planning experiments and interpreting results on these faecal parameters.
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PMID:Variations in faecal bacterial enzyme activities and associations with bowel function and diet in elderly subjects. 972 54

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from a healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breve K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing lactic acid bacteria of intestinal microflora. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered on mice, fecal harmful enzymes were also inhibited. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had the highest inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from a healthy Korean on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora. 987 15

Cattle arriving for slaughter at a large abattoir in northern Italy between April 1997 and January 1998 were examined for intestinal carriage of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 using an immunomagnetic separation technique. Sixty sorbitol non-fermenting VTEC O157 strains were isolated from 59 (13.1%) of the 450 cattle examined. In particular, VTEC O157 was found in 37 (16.6%) of 223 feedlot cattle and in 22 (16.1%) of 137 dairy cull cows, but not in the 90 veal calves sampled. The isolation rate was higher during warm weather (17.5%), falling to an average of 2.9% during the winter months. VT-negative, O157 latex-agglutinating E. coli strains were isolated from 23 (5.1%) of the 450 animals. PCR analysis showed that all 60 VTEC O157 strains carried the VT2 gene and that 25 strains also carried the VT1 gene. In addition, four of the VT-negative, O157 latex-agglutinating E. coli strains carried the VT2 gene. Atypical biochemical features were observed in some VTEC O157: two strains (3.3%) showed beta-glucuronidase activity, and seven (11.7%) produced urease.
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PMID:Isolation of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle at slaughter in Italy. 1041 74

To evaluate the development of intestinal flora in young infants, and especially to estimate the influence of mode of delivery and type of feeding on the establishment of intestinal microflora, faecal flora was studied indirectly by measuring prospectively the faecal bacterial enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and urease) in 29 full-term, healthy infants during the first 6 months of life. Mode of delivery had no influence on the faecal enzyme activities. In contrast, infants receiving formula feeds were more often urease positive at 1-2 months of age (70% vs 25%, p=0.043) and had higher median activity of beta-glucuronidase at 6 months of age (0.90 and 0.19 nmoles/mg protein x min, p= 0.0043) than exclusively breast-fed infants. Through indirect methods to measure the development of a faecal microflora our results indicate that the type of milk that infants receive during the first months of life may have an important role in the development of intestinal flora.
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PMID:Development of intestinal bacterial enzymes in infants--relationship to mode of delivery and type of feeding. 1044 61

Cereal fiber may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by diluting colonic contents due to increased fecal output, by accelerating intestinal transit, by increasing fecal frequency and by altering bacterial metabolism. The effects of whole-meal rye bread on some putative colon cancer risk markers were investigated in 17 healthy Finnish subjects using a randomized crossover trial with two 4-wk bread consumption periods and a 4-wk washout period between the bread periods. White wheat bread was used as a control. Test breads covered a minimum of 20% of the daily energy intake (range, 4330-14, 033 kJ/d). Intestinal transit time, stool weight, fecal bacterial enzyme activities and short-chain fatty acid, ammonia, diacylglycerol (DAG) and bile acid concentrations in feces (expressed per gram wet feces) were measured. Whole-meal rye bread significantly increased fecal output and fecal frequency and shortened mean intestinal transit time compared with wheat bread in both women and men. Activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase (expressed per gram wet feces) were significantly lower in men and urease activity significantly higher in women during the rye bread period (RBP). Fecal butyrate concentration was higher during the RBP in men. Fecal ammonia and DAG concentrations did not differ between bread periods. Fecal total and secondary bile acid concentrations were significantly lower during RBP in both women and men. This study shows that whole-meal rye bread significantly improves bowel function in healthy adults and may decrease the concentration of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers.
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PMID:Rye bread improves bowel function and decreases the concentrations of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers in middle-aged women and men. 1095 15


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