Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential application of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis to periodontal diagnosis has been examined for more than 25 years. Unfortunately, the information available has not provided the clinician with a more sensitive means of diagnosing periodontal disease or an effective means of monitoring periodontal therapy. A careful review of the literature on GCF, however, suggests that discrepancies occur in the method of GCF collection, the use of GCF for analysis from pooled or isolated crevicular locations, the method of analyzing the samples and the way in which the data is reported. Studies in our laboratory have suggested a technique for GCF analysis that collects GCF from individual crevices with a filter paper strip inserted for a standard time, determines the volume of GCF collected with a calibrated electronic meter and elutes the material into a larger volume of diluent. This approach allows for detection of site-to-site and patient-to-patient differences in GCF volume while providing sufficient samples to analyze GCF for multiple constituents. We have used this approach to evaluate GCF for vertebrate forms of the enzymes collagenase (latent and active forms), beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase during the development of experimental gingivitis in man. Interproximal and midradicular areas were studied. Our results indicate that during the 4 weeks of the gingivitis, the absolute amount of active collagenase in GCF increased 550% at the interproximal sites and 190% in the midradicular sites, and the per cent of active collagenase increased from 15 to 71% at the interproximal sites, and from 16 to 36% at the midradicular sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Development of a biochemical profile for gingival crevicular fluid. Methodological considerations and evaluation of collagen-degrading and ground substance-degrading enzyme activity during experimental gingivitis. 300 Dec 65

The purpose of this study was to adduce further evidence for a paracrine role for human decidual relaxin (Rlx) in the remodelling of collagen in the fetal membranes in the peripartal period. The binding of [125I]porcine Rlx to membrane-enriched fractions from fetal membranes as well as from dispersed cells from the fetal membranes was used to demonstrate the presence of specific Rlx receptors. Rlx added in vitro to cultured amnion/chorion cells increased the release of plasminogen activator and collagenase into the medium. Rlx had no effect on the release of beta-glucuronidase. An in vivo correlate of these in vitro results was obtained, the detection of plasminogen activator and collagenase in amniotic fluids. The active fraction of collagenase was increased in amniotic fluids collected after spontaneous rupture of the membranes. PRL, hCG, estrogen, and progesterone added in equimolar amounts to cultured amnion/chorion cells from elective cesarean sections and normal term deliveries also effected the release of plasminogen activator and collagenase. The greatest effects were found in cells from cesarean section tissue, in terms of the stimulation of plasminogen activator release by Rlx and PRL and of collagenase release by prostaglandin F2 alpha and, to a lesser extent, by Rlx, PRL, and hCG. We conclude that human fetal membranes are targets for a number of hormones, including the decidual paracrine hormones Rlx, PRL, and prostaglandin F2 alpha as well as estrogen, progesterone, and hCG. These hormones act to release or inhibit the enzymes involved in collagen breakdown before rupture of the fetal membranes.
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PMID:The human fetal membranes: a target tissue for relaxin. 300 43

Relaxin (Rlx) classically causes uterine quiescence during pregnancy and cervical dilatation prior to parturition. Its actions involve major changes in the components of the extracellular matrix of these tissues. The activities of three enzymes, collagenase, proteoglycanase and beta-glucuronidase, major determinants of the integrity of the extracellular matrix have been measured in the rat uterus and cervix in different reproductive states. The results show that there are marked differences in the changes of these enzymes occurring in the uterus and cervix during the course of pregnancy and the puerperium. It was not possible to directly relate these changes to a single hormonal event over this period of major endocrine fluctuations. Two models have therefore been used in an attempt to delineate the effects of oestrogen and Rlx on the tissue enzyme levels or their secretion into culture medium. In the first model cyclic animals were treated with oestrogen alone or oestrogen followed by Rlx and tissue enzyme levels measured. The addition of Rlx treatment reversed an inhibiting effect of oestrogen alone on both uterine and cervical collagenase and proteoglycanase activities, at the same time as completely obliterating the stimulating effect of oestrogen on uterine and cervical beta-glucuronidase activity. A second model used in vivo oestrogen priming of cyclic rats followed by in vitro Rlx treatment and measurement of the enzymes secreted into the culture medium over 7 days. The results showed as in the first model that Rlx treatment could in particular overcome the inhibiting effect of oestrogen on uterine proteoglycanase secretion without affecting beta-glucuronidase levels. In contrast, the effect of Rlx on the cervix was to decrease collagenase and proteoglycanase secretion whilst not affecting the beta-glucuronidase levels.
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PMID:The effect of oestrogen and relaxin on uterine and cervical enzymes: collagenase, proteoglycanase and beta-glycuronidase. 300 78

To elucidate the function of the reticuloendothelial system of liver in hepatic injury, we investigated the effect of endotoxins on superoxide anion (O-2) generating capacity and lysosomal enzyme activities of Kupffer cells isolated from rats treated with galactosamine (Gal N), with Gal N supplemented with polymyxin B (Polymyxin B-Gal N), with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and from control rats. After collagenase digestion of the liver and centrifugation over metrizamide gradient, Kupffer cells were prepared by the dish adherence procedure. O-2 production by the cells was examined as chemiluminescence during phagocytosis of latex particles and beta-glucuronidase activities were analyzed. High titers of endotoxemia were detected in LPS and Gal N rats by limulus test, while a low endotoxemia titer was found in Polymyxin B-Gal N rats. Hepatocyte damage was found in Gal N rats, but little was recognized in LPS and Polymyxin B-Gal N rats. In the latter groups, Kupffer cells, activated by endotoxins, showed the enhancement of chemiluminescence and a release of lysosomal enzyme. Though lysosomal enzyme was released from Kupffer cells in Gal N rats, chemiluminescence was slightly suppressed in spite of the high titer of endotoxemia. These results appear to be related to the consumption of O-2 during liver injury. The functional state of Kupffer cells was thus changed by the grade of endotoxemia and hepatic injury.
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PMID:Superoxide anion generating capacity and lysosomal enzyme activities of Kupffer cells in galactosamine induced hepatitis. 301 77

A case of infantile agranulocytosis with survival into adolescence is presented. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte is considered an important source of lysosomal enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid, and evaluation of connective tissue-degrading enzymes in the fluid was performed. The activity of beta-glucuronidase, a ground substance-degrading enzyme that may serve as a marker for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was markedly reduced in the fluid compared to samples from systemically healthy adults with periodontitis. The activities of the ground substance-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase, and collagenase, were in the low-normal range. The plaque microbiology, as characterized by dark-field microscopy and selective culturing, was consistent with advanced periodontitis. A review of the medical history revealed a series of bacterial infections since infancy. Improvement in the systemic health of the patient occurred at about the age of 15, and the intake of antibiotics to control infections was correspondingly reduced after this time. An exacerbation of the patient's periodontal disease, as evaluated by loss of alveolar bone on radiographs, occurred 1 to 2 years later. The progression of periodontal disease observed in this patient was apparently associated with the withdrawal of antibiotics administered for control of systemic (nonoral) infections.
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PMID:Infantile agranulocytosis with survival into adolescence: periodontal manifestations and laboratory findings. A case report. 302 96

Smooth muscle cells were dissociated from normal rabbit aorta by incubating the tissue in Hanks' solution containing elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. The isolated cells contained significant amounts of the following acid hydrolases: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsins C and D. The cells were disrupted and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose density gradients in the Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. Lysosomes with a modal density of 1.16 were identified by the distribution of these acid hydrolases and by the latency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. Other particulate enzymes studied in these sucrose gradients included cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondria), 5'-nucleotidase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (plasma membrane), and catalase (? peroxisome). This microanalytical subcellular fractionation technique is applicable to the study of milligram quantities of many other tissues, both normal and pathological.
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PMID:Lysosomes of the arterial wall. I. Isolation and subcellular fractionation of cells from normal rabbit aorta. 434 42

Rabbit synovial fibroblasts in monolayer culture secrete a specific collagenase and a neutral endopeptidase into their serum-free culture medium. The rate of secretion of these two enzymes is increased after the ingestion and storage of latex particles within the vacuolar system of the cells. The increased rates of secretion of the neutral enzymes are stable for over 2 wk in the absence of a further phagocytic bout. In constrast there is little change in the extracellular levels of two lysosomal hydrolases, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase. The increase in the secretory rates for the two neutral enzymes is related to the number of latex particles ingested by the cells, and increases of up to 12-fold over the nonphagocytosing cultures were observed. A variety of other materials including mycostatin particles and dextran sulfate also induced increases in the secretion of collagenase. These results are discussed in relation to the turnover of connective tissue matrix macromolecules.
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PMID:Stimulation by endocytosis of the secretion of collagenase and neutral proteinase from rabbit synovial fibroblasts. 437 92

Bernheimer, Alan W. (New York University School of Medicine, New York), and Lois L. Schwartz. Lysosomal disruption by bacterial toxins. J. Bacteriol. 87:1100-1104. 1964.-Seventeen bacterial toxins were examined for capacity (i) to disrupt rabbit leukocyte lysosomes as indicated by decrease in turbidity of lysosomal suspensions, and (ii) to alter rabbit liver lysosomes as measured by release of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, and streptolysins O and S affected lysosomes in both systems. Staphylococcal beta-toxin, leucocidin and enterotoxin, Shiga neurotoxin, Serratia endotoxin, diphtheria toxin, tetanus neurotoxin, C. botulinum type A toxin, and C. perfringens epsilon-toxin were not active in either system. Staphylococcal delta-toxin, C. histolyticum collagenase, crude C. perfringens beta-toxin, and crude anthrax toxin caused lysosomal damage in only one of the test systems. There is a substantial correlation between the hemolytic property of a toxin and its capacity to disrupt lysosomes, lending support to the concept that erythrocytes and lysosomes are bounded by similar membranes.
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PMID:Lysosomal disruption by bacterial toxins. 587 34

Relaxin (Rlx) is shown in vitro to increase the release of plasminogen activator (PA) activity from granulosa cells obtained from 28-day-old rats after priming 48 h before with PMSG. Priming with PMSG was essential for the subsequent marked increase in PA by the addition of Rlx to these cells in vitro. Under the same conditions Rlx also increased the release of both total collagenase and total proteoglycanase activities but not of beta-glucuronidase activity. The total collagenase and proteoglycanase activities of control cells are made up of essentially equal amounts of their respective active and latent enzymes. Rlx stimulation increases the amounts of the respective active enzymes while the latent collagenase and proteoglycanase activities are unchanged or decreased, respectively. The enzyme beta-glucuronidase was not stimulated by Rlx and appears not to be involved in follicular proteoglycan degradation. Granulosa cells harvested from preantral follicles responded most to FSH by PA production whereas cells from antral follicles responded more to LH, reflecting the known changes in concentration of FSH and LH receptors on these cells. The release of PA is maximal by all four hormones studied (FSH, LH, prostaglandin E1, and Rlx) on granulosa cells harvested from rats 48 h after PMSG treatment and this suggests that the follicles at this time are a mixture of both preantral and antral stages. The PA response to FSH is lost by 60 h after PMSG at the same time that the response to prostaglandin E1 is maintained at the same level, whereas that to Rlx and LH, although still significantly higher than controls, were decreased. By 70 h after PMSG, postovulatory, the responses to all hormones studied were lost. Thus, the involvement of PA in ovarian connective tissue alterations appears to be greatest in the period of follicular antrum formation rather than just before ovulation. Rlx is one of a number of hormones involved in the sequence of events culminating in follicle connective tissue remodeling as shown by its action on the release of three intrafollicular enzymes.
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PMID:Relaxin increases the release of plasminogen activator, collagenase, and proteoglycanase from rat granulosa cells in vitro. 608 81

Epithelial-cell enriched primary cultures have been established from rat ventral prostate (RVP). Minced ventral prostates were dissociated with 0.5% collagenase in F12K tissue culture medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. This treatment resulted in the gradual removal of stromal elements from the base of the epithelial cells. After 60 minutes of digestion the aggregates of epithelial cells were washed and plated at high density in F12K plus 10% horse serum. After 48 hours in vitro the unattached cells were removed from the culture dishes, washed, and reinoculated into new culture vessels containing fresh medium. After 96 hours in vitro, the aggregates had attached to the culture vessels and spread out to yield discrete patches of epithelial cells. By 144 hours in vitro the patches of cells had grown and coalesced to form a semi-confluent monolayer of epithelial cells. Ultrastructrual examination of these cultures indicated that adjacent cells were joined by desmosomes and tight junctions and had formed "lumen-like structures" into which projected microvilli. In addition, the cells contained secretory granules and tonofilaments, giving them a morphological appearance similar to prostate epithelial cells in the intact organ. The primary cultures also retained histochemical activities for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and succinic dehydrogenase that were similar to the intact organ.
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PMID:Isolation, culture and characterization of epithelial cells derived from rat ventral prostate. 625 35


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