Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronic acid was digested by bovine testicular hyaluronidase, and oligomers were fractionated by gel permeation using AcA 202 Ultrogel, an acrylamide-agarose matrix. Oligosaccharides composed of from two to six disaccharide repeating units were isolated. Two nonasaccharides were prepared by enzymatic or chemical modification of the decasaccharide. Oligosaccharides were compared by a competitive inhibition in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their ability to inhibit the interaction of hyaluronectin (a hyaluronic acid-binding brain glycoprotein) with hyaluronic acid. Among these oligosaccharides, decasaccharides were the smallest fragments that strongly inhibited the interaction. Octasaccharides inhibited with 700-fold lower affinity than decasaccharides. Dodecasaccharides had the same effect as decasaccharides. Nonasaccharides obtained by beta-glucuronidase splitting of decasaccharides inhibited the interaction more than nonasaccharides prepared by an alkaline treatment.
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PMID:Interaction of hyaluronectin with hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides. 240 29

Effect of oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, on certain enzymes, which may be taken as markers for the different stages of spermatogenesis, was studied in male albino rats. Gossypol produced a significant decrease in hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, while no change was observed in beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. A significant increase in the total lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the testis. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of gossypol on few testicular enzymes in mature rats. 263 70

The gubernaculum testis is a loose connective tissue organ that plays an essential mechanical role in testicular descent. In the pig, the first phase of descent (transabdominal migration) is brought about by growth of the gubernaculum through the inguinal canal into the scrotum and simultaneous somatic growth of the fetus. During the second phase the gubernaculum condenses, thus allowing the testis to descend into the scrotum. The nature of gubernaculum development (growth and differentiation) was investigated with respect to cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and acid hydrolases. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was used as a measure of cell number and hydroxyproline (HYP) was an estimate of interstitial collagen. The first phase of gubernaculum development was characterized by rapid cell proliferation and concomitant synthesis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen. During the second phase cell proliferation ceased and DNA concentration increased. The amount of S-GAG remained closely related to the amount of DNA while HYP increased further. However, HA decreased during the second phase and thus HA metabolism seems to play a crucial role in biphasic development of the gubernaculum. The activities of the enzymes that are needed for biodegradation of HA (hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) were measured in gubernaculum homogenate from animals during the first and second phase of testicular descent. These enzymes were detectable in gubernaculum and rose during the second phase of testicular descent. It was concluded that a very distinct dichotomy in the nature of gubernaculum development during the first and second phase could be discerned with respect to cell proliferation rate and ECM synthesis and degradation. These observations provide useful tools for future in vivo and in vitro investigations into the process and regulation of testicular descent.
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PMID:Growth and differentiation of the gubernaculum testis during testicular descent in the pig: changes in the extracellular matrix, DNA content, and hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. 276 82

The relationships between cAMP and hyaluronate hydrolases (HH) activity were studied in the renal tissue. Both the urine osmolality and the HH activity were increased in the papilla tissue of rats treated with cAMP. Incubation of mild homogenized cells prepared from kidney papilla with cAMP, resulted in a significant increase in the total HH activity and that of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, whereas the activity of hyaluronidase remained unchanged. The data obtained suggest that ADH effect on the HH activity is mediated by adenylate cyclase mechanism.
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PMID:[Effect of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate on hyaluronate hydrolase activity in the renal papilla]. 282 25

Daily administration of 2g/kg/day di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) to immature rats was found to cause testicular atrophy and reduce zinc concentration. Specific activities of testicular enzymes associated with postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, such as lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-X, hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, were lower than those of control by day 10, coincident with degeneration of spermatogenic cells. The specific activities of enzymes associated with premeiotic spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells or interstitial cells (beta-glucuronidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and malate dehydrogenase) were higher than those of control by day 10. The specific activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldolase, zinc containing enzymes, increased after DEHP treatment in spite of the decrease in zinc concentration in the testis. In conclusion, changes in several testicular cell-specific enzymes appear to be useful biochemical markers of testicular injury induced by testicular toxicants such as DEHP. However, these changes occurred after or simultaneous with massive histological or morphological changes rather than prior to such changes.
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PMID:Testicular atrophy induced by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: changes in histology, cell specific enzyme activities and zinc concentrations in rat testis. 288 30

Distribution of glycanohydrolases activity (hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase) and glycosaminoglycans in different renal zones (papilla, external medulla, cortex) of homo- and heterozygous Brattleboro rats with hereditary defect of antidiuretic hormone synthesis was studied. Content of the glycosaminoglycans in kidney preparations of homozygotes was shown to be minimal as compared with other rodents; at the same time, the activity of glycanohydrolases in the papilla of diabetic rats was comparatively high. Administration of the antidiuretic hormone at physiological doses was followed by the same increase in the enzymatic activity in renal papilla of homo- and heterozygotes, while certain correlation between the urine osmolality and the degree of the enzymes activation was observed.
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PMID:[Glycosaminoglycans and glycan hydrolases in the kidney of rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus]. 295 7

Three fluorescein-labeled lectins were shown to bind differentially to cell surfaces in different epithelial layers of rat oral mucosa regardless of the age or the site of origin of the tissue. Griffonia simplicifolia (GS-1-B4), specific for alpha-D-galactosyl end groups, labeled basal cells only; Ulex europeus (Ulex 1) specific for alpha-L-fucosyl groups labeled spinous cells; and Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BSII), specific for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, labeled cornified cells. Pretreatment of sections with alpha-galactosidase completely abolished the staining of basal cells by GS-1-B4, but had no effect on the staining of spinous cells by Ulex 1. In contrast, alpha-fucosidase abolished the staining of spinous cells by Ulex 1 and caused staining of both basal and spinous cells by GS-1-B4. Neuraminidase and chondroitinase ABC produced results similar to one another, with staining of basal cells by GS-1-B4 and labeling of both basal and spinous cells with Ulex 1. beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and testicular hyaluronidase did not affect the staining pattern of GS-1-B4 or Ulex 1, whereas chymotrypsin completely abolished any staining with either lectin. The results demonstrate a complex arrangement of cell surface carbohydrates in the epithelium of rat oral mucosa. The findings indicate a possible simplification in the spatial arrangements of cell surface carbohydrates during the differentiation of basal to spinous cells.
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PMID:Preferential lectin binding to specific layers of rat oral epithelium and modification by enzyme pretreatment. 299 51

RU 41740 (Biostim) is an immunomodulator clinically used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and recurrent pulmonary infections. In these diseases large amounts of mucus are produced which congest the bronchi. A major glycosaminoglycan constituent of this mucus is hyaluronic acid, one of the largest molecules in nature; its metabolic degradation is carried out by 3 acid hydrolases: hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase. In the lung these enzymes are especially synthesized and active in alveolar macrophages. It was thus interesting to study the effect of RU 41740 administration on the hyaluronic acid-degrading activity of these cells. This compound was given by gastric gavage to rats and the activities of lung alveolar macrophage and alveolar fluid hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase as a lysosomal marker were determined. The effect on macrophage proliferation was also examined. The results obtained showed that: (1) unstimulated alveolar macrophages display the remarkable property, compared with other cell types, that hyaluronidase activity is about equally distributed between the inside and the outside of the cell; (2) RU 41740 administration increases the total activity of the 4 enzymes studied in the alveolar macrophages without inducing any increase in the number of macrophages; (3) the intracellular activities of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase are markedly increased, whereas intracellular hyaluronidase activity is not changed. However, in the extracellular fluid only hyaluronidase activity is highly increased; (4) even the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase has only its intracellular activity increased. This would suggest the possibility that other lysosomal enzymes may also be increased by this immunomodulator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid-degrading enzymes in rat alveolar macrophages and in alveolar fluid: stimulation of enzyme activity after oral treatment with the immunomodulator RU 41740. 322 14

The role of hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the penetration by mouse spermatozoa through the layers surrounding the oocyte was investigated by in vitro techniques. Myocrisin, fenoprofen, phosphorulated hesperidin and PS53 (a hydroquinone-sulfonic acid-formaldehyde polymer) inhibited fertilization when incubated with capacitated spermatozoa before the treated spermatozoa were mixed with intact oocytes but not when the inhibitor-treated, capacitated spermatozoa were added to oocytes free of follicle cells. The antifertility activity did not appear to be due to an effect on sperm motility or on the oocytes. These 4 compounds are known hyaluronidase inhibitors and, of the acrosomal enzymes tested, only share inhibition of hyaluronidase. Kinetic studies indicated that myocrisin is a reversible inhibitor of mouse sperm hyaluronidase whereas the other three are irreversible inhibitors. Adding saccharolactone, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, or N-acetylglucosaminolactone and N-acetylgalactosaminolactone, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitors, to capacitated spermatozoa under the same conditions as the hyaluronidase inhibitors did not decrease fertilization. This was the case even though the beta-glucuronidase or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities of the spermatozoa were completely inhibited, at least at the time that the inhibitor-treated, capacitated spermatozoa were mixed with the oocytes. The hyaluronidase activity of mouse spermatozoa remained unaltered during the incubation period required for capacitation; however, prolonged incubation caused a significant decrease in hyaluronidase. Untreated mouse spermatozoa caused hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid more effectively than did sperm extracts obtained by detergent extraction. These results are consistent with the theory of an essential role of hyaluronidase in mouse fertilization. At least in this species, the enzyme appears to be specifically involved in sperm penetration through the follicle cell layer. The data do not support an essential role for beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the penetration by mouse spermatozoa through the oocyte's investments. In contrast to some other species, sperm capacitation in mice does not result in a loss of hyaluronidase although part of the enzyme activity is lost on prolonged incubation. Mouse spermatozoa appear to be able to digest substrate (hyaluronic acid) even though hyaluronidase is not released.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitors on sperm penetration of the mouse oocyte. 376 57

Smooth muscle cells were dissociated from normal rabbit aorta by incubating the tissue in Hanks' solution containing elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. The isolated cells contained significant amounts of the following acid hydrolases: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsins C and D. The cells were disrupted and fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose density gradients in the Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. Lysosomes with a modal density of 1.16 were identified by the distribution of these acid hydrolases and by the latency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. Other particulate enzymes studied in these sucrose gradients included cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase (mitochondria), 5'-nucleotidase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (plasma membrane), and catalase (? peroxisome). This microanalytical subcellular fractionation technique is applicable to the study of milligram quantities of many other tissues, both normal and pathological.
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PMID:Lysosomes of the arterial wall. I. Isolation and subcellular fractionation of cells from normal rabbit aorta. 434 42


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