Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several lysosomal acid hydrolases were assayed in peripheral blood leukocytes from a patient with I-cell disease by the method of Hindman, J. and Cotlier, E. ((1972) Clin. Chem. 18, 971--975). The activities of lysosomal hydrolases in polymorphonuclear cells showed no significant differences between the patient, the parents, and normal controls, while lymphocytes from the patient exhibited the reduced activities of alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. After phytohemagglutinin-stimulated culture, lymphocytes from the patient showed a more definite reduction in the activities of these lysosomal enzymes; the activities of beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were reduced to about 20--30% of the activity in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated control cultures, and the activities of alpha- and beta-galactosidases to 10% or less. Lymphocytes from the parents showed no significant difference in the activities of these enzymes from the controls, whether stimulated or not.
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PMID:Lysosomal acid hydrolases in lymphocytes of I-cell disease. 4 4

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam were investigated in five male volunteers using the 14C-labelled drug (position 5). Lormetazepam was administered intravenously and orally, at a dose of 0.2 and 2 mg respectively, to each of the test subjects. Measurements of total radioactivity showed that the drug was absorbed completely and eliminated almost exclusively by the renal route. Maximum plasma level of active ingredient and total radioactivity were observed about 2 hours and 5 hours following oral administration. As early as 30 min following oral administration, concentration of active ingredient amounted to 80% of the maximum values. After both treatments the terminal half-life of total radioactivity and lormetazepam glucuronide in plasma corresponded to the half-life of elimination in urine of about 13 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, an average of 90% of total radioactivity from various urine and plasma samples was extractable with ether. Extracts from plasma contained only unchanged drug, indicating free and conjugated lormetazepam as ingredients of total radioactivity. Extracts from urine could be separated into lormetazepam and its N-demethylation derivative lorazepam. The relative amount of excreted lorazepam conjugate was demonstrated to be time-dependent, probably due to enterohepatic circulation. Since less than 6% of the total dose was demethylated by both routes of administration, it can be assumed that lormetazepam is the active product.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam in humans. I. Absorption, distribution, elimination and metabolism of lormetazepam-5-14C. 4 6

Lorazepam and oxazepam in plasma and urine were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oxazepam was used as an internal standard in the assay of lorazepam and vice versa. After removal of interfering substances with n-hexane, the drugs were extracted with benzene and converted to N1,O3-bistrimethylsilyl derivatives. Glucuronide forms of the drugs were extracted after hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. A common fragment ion at m/e 429 was used to monitor the two drugs. The sensitivity was 2 ng/ml for both drugs, which was sufficient to determine plasma and urine concentrations after therapeutic doses to humans.
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PMID:Simplified determination of lorazepam and oxazepam in biological fluids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 4 99

The following enzymatic activities were measured in serum of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors before treatment: alkaline and acid phosphatases, aspartyl (AspAT) and alanyl (AlAT) aminotransferases, leucyl (LAP) and alanyl (AAP) aminopeptidases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cathepsin, alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) and beta-glucuronidase. It was shown that at least three determinations (phosphatases and LAP) are practically useless in a discrimination between the examined groups. RNase in combination with AspAT (AlAT) or RNase with AAP and LDH were found to give the best results as marker enzymes.
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PMID:Serum enzymes in ovarian carcinoma. 4 48

The ability of Escherichia coli which possess or lack mannose-sensitive adherence factors (adhesins) to associate with human peripheral leukocytes in vitro in the absence of serum was studied. E. coli 19+, which have mannose-sensitive adhesins, were derived from E. coli strain 19 by culturing in static Trypticase soy broth at 37 degrees C. E. coli 19-, which lack mannose-sensitive adhesins, were derived from E. coli 19 by culturing in agitated Trypticase soy broth at 30 degrees C. E. coli 19+ attached to leukocytes and stimulated the release of lysozyme but not beta-glucuronidase or lactate dehydrogenase. In contrast, E. coli 19- showed poor attachment to the leukocytes and failed to stimulate lysosomal enzyme release. During a 60-min incubation with the leukocytes, the number of viable 19+ organisms decreased, whereas the number of viable 19- remained constant. Purified type 1 pili from E. coli 19+ agglutinated the leukocytes but did not stimulate lysosomal enzyme release. Pretreatment of leukocytes with type 1 pili failed to prevent the adherence of E. coli 19+. The association of 19+ with leukocytes and subsequent release of lysozyme could be blocked by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside but not by equivalent concentrations of dextrose and sucrose. These results show that mannose-sensitive adhesins on E. coli mediate association of the organisms with leukocytes in the absence of serum components. The identity of the adhesins involved in leukocyte association has yet to be determined.
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PMID:Mannose-sensitive interaction of Escherichia coli with human peripheral leukocytes in vitro. 4 3

The experiment was performed in order to evaluate the beta-glucuronidase activity in gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats submitted to protein-free diet. A group of 36 young adult male wistar rats was fed a protein-free diet ad libitum for five weeks; a second group of 36 wistar rats ingested a purified isocaloric 12,5% casein diet for the same period. The concentration of proteins in plasma, gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa and the beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa were determined. Protein deficient rats had lower plasma protein concentration and also a lower protein concentration in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. In these animals there was no significant change of beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice, but there was a significant increase of the specific enzimatic activity in the gastric mucosa. The results suggest that protein restriction in young adult rats affects the gastric mucosa. The increase of the specific beta-glucuronidase activity might be due to heightened local catabolism or to a comparatively more severe protein depletion.
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PMID:[Beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats subjected to protein deficiency]. 4 37

Large quantities of the low-molecular-weight natriuretic material (F4), which appears after the salts when fractionated on G-25 Sephadex column, were obtained from the urine of normal man on a normal diet. The natriuretic substance in F4 was (1) untrafiltrable through a membrane with a claimed molecular-weight cut-off of 500 daltons (Amicon UMO5); (2) soluble in more polar organic solvents; (3) totally soluble in 95% acetone when specific activity was doubled; (4) relatively resistant to heating at 100 degrees C for 1 hour at a pH of 10, and to heating at 110 degrees C in 6 N hydrochloric acid for up to 90 hours under anaerobic conditions, and treatment with nitrous acid; it was less resistant to these procedures when extracted into 95% acetone; (5) not destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and subtilysin, nor was it destroyed by pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, subtilysin, carboxypeptidase A and B, and aminopeptidase M, or by monoamine oxidase, aryl sulphatase, and beta-glucuronidase when extracted into 95% acetone. The natriuretic substance in the 95% acetone-soluble F4 was totally destroyed by incubation with prolidase. The least amount of 95% acetone-soluble F4 required to produce a significant natriuresis in the bioassay rat was that derived from a 7-min sample of urine. The maximal response was obtained from a 30-min sample of urine. Continuous i.v. infusion of the 95% acetone-soluble F4 for 40 min produced a sustained natriuresis, whereas a greater amount injected as a bolus produced an effect which was not sustained beyond 20 min.
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PMID:Further observations on a low-molecular-weight natriuretic substance in the urine of normal man. 4 87

In a series of 130 cases of acute leukemia studied by cytochemical staining techniques, 10 cases cytochemically diagnosed as "pure" monocytic leukemia were seen. Cytochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates from these patients revealed all leukemic cells to be Sudan black negative. No positive reactions were observed for peroxidase or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. All cases demonstrated strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity; and fluoride-inhibited naphthol AS-D acetate esterase positivity was observed in 8 of 9 cases tested. The P.A.S. reaction showed diffuse fine to coarse granules. Oil red O stain was positive in 8 of 9 cases, and the beta-glucuronidase activity was strong in 5 of 9 cases. Light microscopy revealed cells with monocytic or histiocytic morphology. Electron microscopic studies in 2 cases demonstrated features consistent with leukemic monocytic or histiocytic morphology; none was suggestive of granulocytic or lymphocytic leukemia. Five of 6 patients treated with drug regimens including prednisone and vincristine entered a complete remission; the other obtained a partial remission. Two patients achieved complete remission after treatment with Adriamycin, 1 following a relapse. Three patients who received cytosine arabinoside as their only therapy died soon after treatment was commenced. It is suggested that the cytochemical similarity but morphological differences in those patients may be objectively used to group them as cases of histiomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:"Pure" monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: a revised concept. 4 89

In order to determine the possible mechanisms whereby interactions between phagocytic cells and crystals of monosodium urate (MSU) lead to cell death with simultaneous release of both cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes, phagocytic leukocytes of the smooth dogfish shart Mustelus canis were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and biochemistry. Lysosomes of these cells can be stained supravitally with toluidine blue and are large enough (0.7-0.8 mu) to be clearly resolved with the light microscope. Light microscopic observations showed that of cells exposed to MSU 87% of those containing visible ingested crystals died within 1 hour, whereas 92% of adjacent cells in the same wet mount without such srystals survived. Cell death occured after a latent period of 10-15 minutes following fusion of lysosomes with crystal-containing phagosomes. Electron microscopic examination of both dogfish and human leukocytes exposed to MSU for more than 1 hour and then fixed in situ revealed occasional discontinuities or ruptures in secondary lysosome membranes. Endogenous peroxidase activity could be cytochemically localized in primary and secondary lysosomes and in the cytoplasm adjacent to such ruptured secondary lysosomes. It was not seen adjacent to primary lysosomes, a result indicating that the cytoplasmic reaction product was not a diffusion artifact. To exclude the possibility that crystals were exercising their affect primarily upon the plasma membrane, suspensions of dogfish buffy coat cells were incubated with cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml, 10 minutes), which inhibits phagocytosis but not exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes by stimulated phagocytes. Whereas cells exposed to MSU crystals released 30% of their content of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase activity and 28% of their cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity within 3 hours, preincubation with cytochalasin B reduced the release of LDH activity within that period to 6% but reduced the release of beta-glucuronidase activity only to 20%. Preincubation with 10-3 M cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and theophylline (10-3 M), which inhibit lysosomal fusion, reduced the release of both LDH and beta-glucuronidase activities to 7% and 6% respectively. Cells that were preincubated with both cytochalasin B and cAMP + theophylline released only 1% LDH activity and 4% beta-blucuronidase activity. These results are compatible with the "suicide sac" hypothesis of lysosomal enzyme release mediated by MSU for the following reasons: a) cell death was seen to follow uptake, not mere exposure to crystals, b) ultrastructural studies indicated that the primary injury was to the secondary lysosome membrane, and c) cell death was reduced when either phagocytosis or lysosomal fusion was inhibited.
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PMID:Mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme release from leukocytes. IV. Interaction of monosodium urate crystals with dogfish and human leukocytes. 4 82

Peripheral blood samples were drawn from 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) with no apparent haematologic disorders. Smears were stained for Periodic Acid-Schiff and beta-glucuronidase reactions. Diffuse to moderate activity was observed in leucocytes for both stains. There was a significant difference in males and females in positive reactions in monocytes stained for beta-glucuronidase and in lymphocytes and granulocytes stained for PAS.
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PMID:Cytochemical differences in leucocytes of normal adult males and females. 4 17


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