Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Optimal assay conditions are described for 8 hydrolases of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris, SM-L1 (streptomycin-bleached) strain, 7 of which have an acid pH-optimum. Acid-phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, b-fucosidase, cathepsin D, RNase, DNase, and an esterase are active in cell homogenates. Amylase has very low activity, and beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, beta, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, and alpha- and beta-mannosidase are inactive.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolytic enzymes of Euglena gracilis: characterization and activity as a function of culture age and carbon deprivation. 0 4

The enzymatic activity of five acid hydrolases: acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase A, deoxyribonuclease, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, was assayed in fetal (fifteenth and eighteenth days of pregnancy) and neonatal (Days 0, 5, 10, and 15 post-partum) mouse liver. With the exception of cathepsin D, the activity increased around birth to levels varying according to the enzyme. Histochemical observations of other authors appear to justify, at least in part, the present results, which indicate that late days of fetal development and early neonatal life may constitute a transitional stage to full lysosomal enzyme functionality of the adult organ. The livers of the mothers were also assayed for the same enzymes. Each activity showed a peculiar pattern which was, in turn, different from that found in the liver of the litter for the same enzyme, probably as a cause of the metabolic requirement of the gland. The hypothesis that the lysosomes are heterogeneous in their enzyme composition is suggested by the variety of enzymatic patterns found in the liver of the litters and their mothers.
 ...
PMID:The development of lysosomal apparatus. I. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the liver of mice at perinatal stages and those of their mothers. 2 3

Change in beta-glucuronidase activity of six Yoshida ascites hepatomas was examined after treatment of host rats with one of 12 anticancer agents. The hepatomas, AH-66F, AH-130, AH-109A, AH-60C, and AH-44, in decreasing order showed more or less distinct increase in beta-glucuronidase activity after treatment of the rats with Nitromin, Endoxan, 864-T, Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C, Toyomycin, Daunomycin, Neocarzinostatin, vincristine sulfate, 5-fluorouracil, or cytosine arabinoside only when the cytological effect was positive. Moreover, degree of the increase was generally correlated with that of cytological effect. Bleomycin was ineffective either enzymically or cytologically. AH-66 was insensitive to any of the agents tested in increasing beta-glucuronidase activity and showed only a very slight cytological response to some of the agents. Acid deoxyribonuclease behaved like beta-glucuronidase but to a lesser extent. The above order of drug sensitivity of the hepatomas was not in parallel with that of normal beta-glucuronidase level, which also did not correlate with the life span of host rats.
 ...
PMID:Beta-glucuronidase activity of Yoshida ascites hepatomas of different drug-sensitivity and its change after treatment of host rats with various anticancer agents. 5 96

The ascites form of a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, line-10, was resistant to killing in vitro by xenogeneic antibody and guinea pig complement. Pretreatment of line-10 cells with certain proteolytic enzymes rendered tham susceptible to the killing action of antibody and guinea pig complement. The effects of enzyme pretreatment were dependent on enzyme concentration, temperature, and could be blocked by addition of competitive or non-competitive inhibitors. The effect of the enzyme treatment could reversed by incubating the treated cells at 37 degrees C (but not at 0 degrees C), in the absence of the enzyme. Effective enzymes included ficin, bromelain, pronase, elastase, papain, trypsin, collagenase, lipases type I and type VI, and the neuraminidase preparation isolated from Clostridium perfringens. The activity of the lipase preparations and the neuraminidase preparation isolated from Clostridium perfringens appeared to be caused by proteolytic enzyme contamination. Enzyme preparations that proved ineffecitve in rendering the line-10 cells sensitive to killing by antibody and guinea pig complement included DNase, RNase, beta-glucuronidase type 6A or type B10, hyaluronidase type V or type VI, and pectinesterase.
 ...
PMID:Lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. VI. Enhanced killing of enzyme-pretreated tumor cells. 17 70

The activity of certain enzymes of energy metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and of lysosomes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosamindase, arylsuphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin D) was assayed from m. rectus femoris of mice trained 5 days per week, 1 hr per day for 4 weeks according to 4 different programmes: I. running speed 20 m/min, horizontal track, II. 25 m/min, horizontal track, III. 20 m/min 8 degrees uphill inclination, and IV. 25 m/min 8 degrees uphill inclination. Oxidative capacity increased and anaerobic capacity decreased without distinction between the different traning programmes. Of acid hydrolases assayed the activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D were increased independently of training intensity. Simultaneous histochemical observations on beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase activities in the contralateral m. rectus femoris showed more intense staining in red as compared to white muscle fibres. It is suggested that training affected the red fibres and that the applied level of loading was probably too low to cause major involvement of white fibres.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative and lysosomal capacity in skeletal muscle of mice after endurance training of different intensities. 21 99

The activity of eight acid hydrolases and two energy metabolism enzymes were assayed from homogenates of predominantly red (proximal heads of m. vastus lateralis, m. vastus medialis, and m. vastus intermedius) and predominantly white (distal head of m. vastus lateralis) skeletal muscle of mice belonging to one of the following groups: 1) sedentary controls, never trained or exhausted; 2) exhausted controls, exhausted once by running on a treadmill 5, 10, or 20 days before killing; 3) trained mice, exercising until killed; 4) exhausted trained mice, exercising until exhausted 5, 10 or 20 days before killing, not exercising during that period; and 5) detrained mice, terminating training 5, 10, or 20 days before killing. In untrained but not in trained animals, exhaustive exercise caused, 5 days afterward, fiber necrosis and a marked increase in the activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, cathepsin D, and cathepsin C, especially in red muscle fibers. Training increased the activities of citrate synthase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D in both muscle types and those of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulphatase, and cathepsin C in red muscle. Effects of detraining were minor. Exhaustive exercise causes lethal and evidently also sublethal fiber injuries manifesting themselves as an activation of the lysosomal system of muscle fibers 5 days later. Training affects cellular homeostasis by causing an apparent resistance to the damaging effects of exhaustive exercise. Moderately increased hydrolase activities may reflect increased turnover in endurance-trained muscles.
 ...
PMID:Exhaustive exercise, endurance training, and acid hydrolase activity in skeletal muscle. 22 20

The activities of beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase A and acid DNAase were measured in homogenates from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes prepared from germ-free, monocontaminated and conventional rats. The cells were prepared from a liver cell suspension obtained by treating the perfused liver with collagenase. Kupffer cells from germ-free rats were found to have lower lysosomal enzyme activities than cells obtained from conventional rats. Monocontaminated animals (E. coli or Streptococcus pyogenes) showed intermediate activities. Our data indicate that the level of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages is a function of the endocytic activity of these cells.
 ...
PMID:The influence of infection on the content of lysosomal enzymes in rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. 78 60

The effect of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides mycotoxin (sporofusarin) on the total and non-sedimentary supernatant activity of 13 marker-enzymes of subcellular particles (2 mitochondrial enzymes-cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase; 8 lysosomal enzymes -- acid phosphatase, acid RNAase, acid DNAase, arylsulphatases A and B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase; 2 microsomal enzymes -- glucose-6-phosphatase and acetylesterase; plasma membrane enzyme -- alkaline phosphatase) of the rat liver, kidney, spleen and bone-marrow was studied in in vivo experiments. The latter demonstrated that sporofusarin effects were characterized by a significant organ and organella specificity, viz. the toxin caused a sharply increased activity, mainly of lysosomes enzymes and labilization of the lysosomal membranes, primarily in the spleen and the bone-marrow. A conclusion is drawn that the discovered selective destructive action of sporofusarin on the lysosomes may be regarded as a new phenomenon that, possibly is directly related to the characterization of the mechanism responsible for a specific effect produced by sporofusarin.
 ...
PMID:[Lysosomal component in the mechanism of the toxic effect of sporofusarin]. 94 27

Mediators released from injured human skin that initiate the inflammatory response have not been adequately identified. Organ culture of full-thickness skin explants enables us to do so, because injury to the skin can be made in vitro, eliminating the rapid leakage of serum and infiltration of leukocytes that occur in vivo. In our studies, the military vesicant sulfur mustard (SM) (10 microliters of a 0.01 to 1.0% dilution) was topically applied to injure the epidermis of the explant. Then, the explants were cultured in small Petri dishes, usually for 18 h at 36 degrees C, and the organ-culture fluids were assayed for various inflammatory mediators. We found that the culture fluids from SM-exposed and control explants contained similar amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme, trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, lysozyme, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, interleukin 1, and lactic dehydrogenase. However, the culture fluids from SM-exposed explants contained increased amounts of histamine and plasminogen-activating activity, and often prostaglandin E2, when compared to culture fluids from control explants. After 3 to 4 d in culture, full-thickness human skin explants, when exposed to 0.2% SM (but not when exposed to 1.0% SM), sometimes showed separation of the epidermis and increased collagenase activity (i.e., hydroxyproline release). Thus, histamine (from local mast cells), and prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen-activating activity (probably from both mast cells and epidermal cells) are apparently involved in early mediation of the inflammatory response.
 ...
PMID:Mediators, initiating the inflammatory response, released in organ culture by full-thickness human skin explants exposed to the irritant, sulfur mustard. 171 Jun 39

Highly efficient methods for isolating two hydrolytic granules of neutrophils are described. Neutrophil obtained from guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were washed extensively with isotonic sucrose and then treated with heparin. More than 95 per cent of the cells so treated were disrupted with a Dounce homogenizer. Since nuclei were broken, leaving other organelles intact, homogenates were incubated with DNase to reduce viscosity. Postnuclear supernatants were centrifuged on a discontinuous gradient of Percoll. Azurophil granules, high in beta-glucuronidase activity, sedimented at fractions of d = 1.081 and showed very little activity of other marker enzymes. High neutral alpha-glucosidase activity was observed in granular fractions of d = 1.038 and it is suggested that this is a marker for specific granules of neutrophils.
 ...
PMID:Improved methods for separating hydrolytic granules of neutrophil leucocytes. 319 85


1 2 3 Next >>