Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of the following enzymes were assessed in cryostat sections of human embryonic and fetal placentae aged 7 to 22 weeks of the intrauterine life using the standard methods recommended by Lojda et al. (1978): alkaline phosphatase (AIP), and acid phosphatase (AcP), non-specific esterase (ANE), ATP-cleaving enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DPP IV), aminopeptidase A and M (APA, APM), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH, SDH). Since week 7 high activity of AIP has been proved in the apical zone of the plasmodiotrophoblast. At the same time the DPP IV activity appeared in the plasmodiotrophoblast, in the stroma of villi, and, latter on, in vascular endothelium. In the fetal placenta the APA activity was pronounced both in the cytotrophoblast and the stroma of villi. The activities of AcP and ANE were relatively weak. In the course of development the activities of most enzymes were gradually increasing.
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PMID:Histochemistry of some enzymes in human embryonic and fetal placentae. 215 Oct 77

The metabolism of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and (-)-trans-[14C]7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) was studied in freshly isolated hepatocytes of the wild benthic fish, brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus). Bullhead hepatocytes incubated with 40 microM [3H]BP for 1 h metabolized BP to water soluble metabolites which were separated on silica gel t.l.c. plates to reveal conjugates with glucuronic acid, glutathione, and sulfate (51%, 14% and 4% of total metabolites, respectively). Additional metabolites that were extractable with ethyl acetate were separated by reversed phase HPLC to reveal only two major metabolites: BP-9,10-dihydrodiol and BP-7,8-diol (13% and 2.6% of total metabolites, respectively). Hepatocytes isolated from individual fish displayed an 11-fold variability in the rates at which they metabolized BP (756 +/- 167 pmol x mg dry wt-1 x h-1), which correlated negatively (r = -0.7, P less than 0.01) with an 18-fold variability in the glycogen content of the cells. Hepatocytes isolated from the same fish, in parallel incubations under the same optimum conditions, metabolized BP-7,8-diol 4.5-fold faster than they metabolized BP. The variability in the rate of BP-7,8-diol metabolism was about 7-fold. Major metabolites included glutathione conjugates, glucuronides and sulfates (35%, 25% and 30% of total metabolites, respectively). These conjugates, like those formed from BP, were degradable with gamma-glutamyltransferase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase, respectively. Ethyl acetate extractable metabolites were predominantly isomeric benzo-ring tetrahydrotetrols (9% of total metabolites). In summary, this study indicates that during short-term incubations bull-head hepatocytes metabolize BP and BP-7,8-diol primarily to conjugated derivatives. The usefulness of thin-layer chromatography for the convenient determination of the rate of BP-7,8-diol metabolism is demonstrated.
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PMID:Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by freshly isolated hepatocytes of brown bullheads. 232 50

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was administered to young male rats by gavage at the doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days. A significant decrease in testes weight was observed at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg doses of DBP. Histopathological examination revealed marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules. The activities of testicular enzymes associated with postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, such as sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase, were decreased significantly, while that of lactate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, coincident with degeneration of spermatogenic cells. The activities of enzymes associated with premeiotic spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells or interstitial cells, beta-glucuronidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased. Thus the alterations in activity of these testicular cell specific enzymes suggest that DBP exposure during early life could affect the testicular functions.
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PMID:Testicular effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP): biochemical and histopathological alterations. 235 Feb 34

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days. A significant decrease in epididymal spermatozoa counts was observed at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of DBP. The activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase was found to be significantly decreased while that of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, significantly increased in the animals exposed to 500 and 1000 mg/kg of DBP. Decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase was also observed at all dose levels. Histopathological studies revealed marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules, further confirming testicular toxicity of DBP. The results suggest that testicular atrophy caused by DBP is associated with an alteration in the activities of enzymes related with specific events of spermatogenesis.
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PMID:Testicular toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in adult rats: effect on marker enzymes of spermatogenesis. 236 10

An extensive bile ductular cell hyperplasia with the formation of well-differentiated bile ductules is the most prominent feature of rat liver at 6 to 15 weeks after bile duct ligation. We have improved our previous cell isolation procedure and are now routinely able to obtain from such livers high yields of viable bile ductular epithelial cells. These cells were characterized with respect to their specific activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and beta-glucuronidase and of select Phase I and Phase II enzymes of biotransformation. At the time of their isolation, only a very small number of the bile ductular epithelial cells were observed to be in DNA synthesis. In addition, in histological sections prepared from intact hyperplastic bile ductular tissue isolates, only the bile ductular epithelial cells exhibited histochemical staining for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Typically, greater than 95% of the cells isolated from this tissue were also found to be histochemically positive for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and no hepatocytes were seen contaminating this cell population. Biochemically, the isolated bile ductular cells exhibited a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase specific activity that was 100 times higher than that of hepatocytes isolated at the same time from the bile duct-ligated rats and more than 300 times higher than the specific activity of the enzyme of freshly isolated normal rat hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzyme profile of rat bile ductular epithelial cells in reference to the resistance phenotype in hepatocarcinogenesis. 256 86

The expression of a number of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, membrane function etc. was compared in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat bladder and in human bladder tumours. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in both rat and Man were characterized by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), succinate dehydrogenase (SD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, binding for antibodies specific for different cytochrome P-450 species (UT50, PB3a, MC1, MC2) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) was elevated in both murine and human tumours. Comparison of the enzyme phenotype in hyperplastic lesions induced by freeze ulceration or uracil administration with that in preneoplastic papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PNH) and TCC suggested, however, that most of the alteration in enzyme content or activity was non-specific and related to requirements for epithelial cell proliferation. On the other hand, the decreased ALP, and increased GGT and beta-G1 activity appeared more directly related to neoplastic transformation. The results suggested that qualitative differences exist between reactive hyperplasia and preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder. The finding of increased cytochrome P-450, in clear contrast to the reduction characteristic of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, may be important with regard to the observed difference in neoplastic transformation between the bladder and liver in response to drug metabolising enzyme inducers.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme phenotypes in human bladder tumours and experimentally induced hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat urinary bladder. A combined histochemical and immunohistochemical approach. 256 27

The urinary secretion of two lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-glucuronidase (GLR, EC 3.2.1.31), and two brush border enzymes, alanine aminopeptidase (AAP, EC 3.4.11.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2), was examined in apparently healthy individuals and in patients before and after renovascular surgery for treatment of hypertension. Eight out of nine patients had elevated levels of at least one enzyme before surgery. The ranking in their frequency of elevation was NAG greater than AAP greater than GLR greater than GGT. In comparing the release of any two enzymes in apparently healthy individuals, the release was coordinated except for GGT and GLR. In individual patients following surgery the excretion of the lysosomal enzymes was highly coordinated whereas the release of the brush border enzymes was less coordinated. Comparisons of lysosomal to brush border enzyme activities revealed dissimilar release patterns between these two classes of enzymes. Analysis of variance over the entire hospitalization period showed that NAG/GLR (p = 0.42) and AAP/GGT (p = 0.12) did not vary significantly whereas all comparisons of lysosomal to brush border enzymes varied significantly (p less than or equal to 0.03). These results indicate that enzymes derived from different subcellular organelles, lysosomes or brush borders, have similar release patterns. However, the lack of a significant correlation between lysosomal and brush border enzyme excretion implies that the two processes are not interdependent. These studies further suggest that the transient pathophysiological changes that occur within renal cells following renovascular surgery affect these cellular components in different ways.
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PMID:A lack of coordination in the release of urinary lysosomal and brush border enzymes following renovascular surgery. 257 67

The biochemical hepatic profile analysis was performed in 252 neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves, aged from 1 to 10 days. The activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase as well as beta-glucuronidase were estimated in blood serum and in faeces. A significant decrease in glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase as well as gamma-glutamyltransferase was observed in the blood serum while in the faeces the peak of activity took place between 4-5 days for beta-glucuronidase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase and 7-8 days for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. No significant relation was found between activities of the examined enzymes in blood serum and faeces. Determination of GOT and GPT, AP, GGTP in serum may be used to describe liver function in neonatal calves. No changes in total bilirubin and total protein levels in blood serum and faeces were observed during the first 10 days of calf life.
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PMID:[Biochemical profile of the liver of calves aged 1 to 10 days]. 257 37

Renal toxicity is the major side effect of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) and it develops renal tubular damage. In the present study, the acute changes of urinary beta-glucuronidase (beta-GL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities following CDDP administration as indicators of its toxicity were studied in 5 patients with urological malignant tumors. The activities were measured for 11 days continuously from the day before CDDP administration. In all cases, both urinary enzyme activities increased with CDDP administration. Increase patterns of urinary beta-GL activities were similar to those of urinary NAG, but remarkably-high values of beta-GL activities were found in cases of urothelial tumors probably because urinary beta-GL derives from the kidney (lysosomes of tubular cells) and from the epithelial cells of urinary tract. Urinary ALP activities changed corresponding well with urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP). This study shows that the determination of urinary beta-GL is not a significant marker of CDDP renal toxicity, especially in cases with urological malignancies, in contrast to results for urinary brush border enzyme activities such as ALP or gamma-GTP.
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PMID:[Study on urinary beta-glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase activities as indicators of CDDP renal toxicity]. 272 12

Five different enzyme activities were estimated in ejaculates obtained from 96 men visiting our infertility clinic. Sperm count showed a significant positive correlation with aspartate-aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine-aminotransferase (GPT). Acid phosphatase was positively correlated with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and citrate and negatively with fructose. GGTP showed similar relationships with citrate and fructose. For beta-glucuronidase a low positive correlation with GGTP and GOT was detected. The enzyme activities of 27 ejaculates with a high viscosity were not significantly different from the activities of ejaculates with normal liquefaction. The conclusion is reached that insufficient prostatic enzyme secretion is not the cause of abnormal liquefaction in these patients.
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PMID:Enzyme activity of human ejaculates, relation with abnormal liquefaction. 285 13


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