Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucinearylamidase was studies in a carefully selected group of 100 healthy subjects, 50 women and 50 men. Enzyme activities were assayed in 3-h morning samples after gel filtration of the urine. Activities were related to time volume, and to urinary creatinine concentration. Several transforming functions had to be applied to enzyme output data to obtain an approximation to gaussian frequency distribution. Men showed a significantly higher excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,beta-glucuronidase, and leucine arylamidase activity than did women if enzyme activity was related to urinary time volume. Women excreted more lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, trehalase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity than did men, if urinary creatinine was used as the basis of reference. Reference intervals were calculated as 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for both sexes.
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PMID:Normal limits of urinary excretion of eleven enzymes. 1 92

1. Highly sensitive technique are described for the assay of plasma membrane (5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase), microsomal (neutral alpha-glucosidase, leucyl-2-naphthylamidase) and biliary canalicular (gamma-glutamyltransferase) enzymes and for nine acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase) in human liver. 2. Optimum and specific assay systems have been developed which give linear kinetics for all enzymes. 3. The range of enzyme activities in samples of human liver, obtained by closed needle biopsy, and sera have been determined.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in human liver biopsies: assay methods and activities of some lysosomal and membrane-bound enzymes in control tissue and serum. 1 4

Rosetting and non-rosetting lymphocytes collected from normal individuals were stained for the presence of beta-glucuronidase, periodic-acid Schiff activity, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase. Lymphocytes which formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and non-rosette forming lymphocytes contained cytochemical reaction products for all five stains. Beta-glucuronidase (P less than 0-02) and acid phosphatase (P less than 0-01) were more frequently found in rosette forming lymphocytes. However, non-rosetting cells were more frequently periodic-acid Schiff positive (P less than 0-001). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase were present equally in rosette and non-rosette forming lymphocytes. In addition, 33 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied for cell surface markers and cytochemical reactions. In 17 of 19 B cell lymphomas, there was a paucity of lymphocytes containing beta-glucuronidase. However, in three of four T cell proliferations, there were numerous lymphoid cells positive for beta-glucuronidase. The periodic-acid Schiff and acid phosphatase reactions varied greatly within B, T, and null cell lymphomas and thus were of little diagnostic value in determining the cell of origin of these neoplastic lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical reactions of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes. 1 90

The effects of acute and chronic administration of D-Galactosamine (GalN), Ethanol and Phenobarbital were investigated on the activities of lysosomal enzymes, i.e.; acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and others such as gamma-GTP and adenosine triphosphatase. The histochemical distribution of gamma-GTP in the liver was also studied on biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis, and gamma-GTP levels in the serum of patients receiving drugs inductable of hepatic microsomal enzymes. 1) After a single intraperitoneal injection of GalN, the lysosomal enzyme activities were lowered in the necrotic areas, but raised in the perinecrotic areas, the proliferative Kupffer cells and intra- and/or extra-cellular eosine bodies. 2) gamma-GTP activities in rat liver after chronic administration of GalN were markedly increased in bile canalicular membrane of periportal parenchymal cells, the epithelium of bile duct and ductules, and som inflammatory cells of portal fields. Levels of serum gamma-GTP were also elevated. On histochemical studies with biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis showing elevated gamma-GTP activity, the activity was revealed a similar localization to GalN-treated rats. These data suggested that the increased activities might be reflected on the active stage in chronic hepatitis. 3) Chronic ethanol treatment in rats induced clearly-stained lysosomes varied in size, especially large-sized. The activities of hepatic gamma-GTP were slightly increased in the bile canalicular membrane of periportal parenchymal cells and the epithelium of proliferative bile ductules. 4) It has been shown by histochemical and biochemical techniques that hepatic gamma-GTP activity was increased after phenobarbital administration in rats. A significant rise in serum gamma-GTP was observed in patients on long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. These data indicated that the increased activities of serum gamma-GTP might be accompanied with induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental histochemical studies on the activities of liver lysosomal enzymes and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) (author's transl)]. 3 25

The urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucine arylamidase was studied in 68 patients with biopsy-proved glomerular, 54 with interstitial renal disease and in 97 patients suffering from primary hypertension. The enzyme output of these 219 patients was compared to that of a reference population of 100 thoroughly selected healthy subjects. The highest incidence of elevated enzyme excretion was observed for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase with 88% in glomerulopathies and 78% in interstitial disease, followed by beta-galactosidase. 94% of the patients with glomerular kidney disease, 90% of those with interstitial disease and about 60% of the subjects with primary benign hypertension revealed an output of at least one enzyme above upper reference limit. The highest average enzymuria occured in glomerulopathies, particularly high values in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Application of discriminant analysis to the urinary enzyme pattern of glomerular and interstitial renal diseases resulted in an overall correct classification into the appropriate group of 89% of all patients. The discrimination between glomerular and interstitial disease was better in patients with normal renal function than in those with reduced function. Results show, that the analysis of urinary enzyme patterns may be a helpful adjunct for differential diagnosis of kidney diseases.
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PMID:Evaluation of urinary enzyme patterns in patients with kidney diseases and primary benign hypertension. 3 57

The following enzymatic activities were measured in serum of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors before treatment: alkaline and acid phosphatases, aspartyl (AspAT) and alanyl (AlAT) aminotransferases, leucyl (LAP) and alanyl (AAP) aminopeptidases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cathepsin, alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) and beta-glucuronidase. It was shown that at least three determinations (phosphatases and LAP) are practically useless in a discrimination between the examined groups. RNase in combination with AspAT (AlAT) or RNase with AAP and LDH were found to give the best results as marker enzymes.
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PMID:Serum enzymes in ovarian carcinoma. 4 48

The present study investigated the activities of lysosomal enzymes of the liver after administration of Furosemid. 10 weeks and 1-year old male albino rats were treated with 40 mg Furosemid for 4 subsequent days. According to the method devised by de Duve a sediment rich in lysosomes was produced by fractionated centrifugation and subsequently the enzyme activity of beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D and a collagenolytic enzyme was measured in the sediment as well as in the corresponding lysosomal supernatant. The protein content served as a reference for the enzyme activities. In addition, we investigated the activities of cytoplasmic enzymes such as GOT, GPT, gamma-GT and the alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme activity changes were age-dependent. With Furosemid treatment the activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D increased in the lysosomal supernatant and the lysosomal sediment of the 1-year old rats, whereas the activities of the collagenolytic enzyme increased in the lysosomal sediment of the same group. In the lysosomal sediment of the 10-weeks old rats a decrease of beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase and cathepsin D was observed. These results are discussed in the light of reports from the literature.
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PMID:[Age-dependent biochemical studies on the extrarenal effect of furosemid (author's transl)]. 16 81

The separation of bile ductule cells from Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells in a suspension of non-parenchymal cells has been attempted. Bile duct ligation was performed so that a four-fold increase in the total number of non-parenchymal cells isolated from rat liver was attained and the proportions of both Kupffer and bile ductule cells were elevated. Rate zonal centrifugation, through a Ficoll gradient, partially separated the cells into two populations: (1) small cells (4-6 micrometer diameter) probably originating from the sinusoidal endothelium and (2) larger bile ductule and Kupffer cells (8-12 micrometer diameter). A more successful separation was achieved by isopycnic centrifugation through a linear metrizamide gradient. Bile duct ligation (14 days) altered the distribution of cells on the gradient and the peak containing bile ductule and Kupffer cells partially subdivided into the separate cell types. Antiserum raised against the bile ductule fraction was shown to be compatible with that raised against common bile duct tissue. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase activity were preferentially located in the rate zonal fraction containing bile ductule cells. Their specific activity increased after bile duct ligation as did that of beta-glucuronidase, which was raised in all cells.
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PMID:The isolation and characterization of a bile ductule cell population from normal and bile-duct ligated rat livers. 32 90

The activities of several enzymes in urine are masked by the presence of interfering substances in native urine. From several methods proposed for the removal of low molecular mass interferences dilution, dialysis, gel filtration, and ultrafiltration have been successfully applied. Gel filtration seems to be of these most suitable. I is effective, accurate, precise and economical. Scale-down procedures provide for acceptable speed. By this method the complete separation of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and leucine arylamidase from low molecular mass substances, e.g. a heat-stable, competitive inhibitor of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was possible. The preparation and determination of urinary enzymes should be thoroughly standardized and controlled. Acceptable precision (coefficient of variation less than 10% between-day) can be achieved with manual spectrophotometric methods.
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PMID:Preparation of urine for enzyme determinations by gel filtration. 44 74

In this study the causes of organ damage after cardiopulmonary bypass were multifactorial. The concentration of the proteolytic enzyme elastase, which was released from activated granulocytes in the milieu of significantly reduced levels of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (p less than 0.01), increased during cardiopulmonary bypass (p less than 0.01). In addition, bypass initiated platelet aggregation, which both altered the eicosanoid metabolism and caused the level of thromboxane A2 to increase and surpass the level of prostaglandin I2. Because thromboxane A2 dominance subsided immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass, the effect of thromboxane A2 (vasoconstriction) on the development of organ damage may have been influential only during bypass. Both during and after bypass, the increase in endothelin excretion (p less than 0.01 to 0.05) was believed to induce a further vasoconstriction in the microvasculature. On completion of the cardiopulmonary bypass, the elevation of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which is a sensitive indicator of cellular damage, was influenced by the concentrations of elastase (r = 0.8) and endothelin (r = 0.52). As evidenced by leuko-sequestration in the lung after cardiopulmonary bypass, the increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference correlated with the elastase concentration (r = 0.68). Renal damage, which was detected by an increase in renal tubular enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) was affected by the endothelin (r = 0.68, 0.56) and elastase levels (r = 0.58, 0.68), respectively, but not by the ratio of thromboxane B2 to prostaglandin F1 alpha. The elastase level influenced the pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.56). However, neither the cardiac index nor the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were influenced by the endothelin level and the ratio of thromboxane B2 to prostaglandin F1 alpha.
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PMID:Evidence of organ damage after cardiopulmonary bypass. The role of elastase and vasoactive mediators. 135 50


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