Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the effects of chronic muscle inflammation on indices of antioxidant status and muscle injury after eccentric exercise. Eight subjects each performed 70 maximal voluntary eccentric muscle actions on an isokinetic dynamometer, using the knee extensors of a single leg. Venous blood samples were collected into serum and EDTA tubes 5 and 3 days before exercise, immediately before exercise, and then again on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 12 after the bout. Needle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of six subjects, a week before exercise (baseline), and again on days 4 and 7 post-exercise. The concentrations of malondialdehyde in plasma and muscle were used as markers of lipid peroxidation. Creatine kinase activity, beta-glucuronidase activity and total antioxidant capacity were determined in serum. In muscle, aqueous and bound total antioxidant capacity, the aqueous sulphydryl concentration, and beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were determined. No changes were detected in serum total antioxidant capacity, serum creatine kinase and beta-glucuronidase after the baseline biopsy. After exercise serum creatine kinase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated although other serum measures were unchanged. In muscle, aqueous and bound total antioxidant capacity, sulphydryls, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase were all elevated. Despite evidence of inflammation in this study, muscle antioxidant status was not compromised, and malondialdehyde was unaltered in muscle and plasma. Therefore, this study provides no evidence that chronic muscle inflammation compromises antioxidant status or increases lipid peroxidation.
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PMID:Changes in indices of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in human skeletal muscle after eccentric muscle actions. 985 13

Eccentric muscle contraction causes fibre injury associated with disruption of the myofibrillar cytoskeleton. The medicinal plant Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, known for its therapeutic properties, was studied to explore its protective effects after eccentric contraction. A crude extract and a standardised extract (G115) of different saponin compositions were tested as to their efficacy in reducing lipid peroxidation, inflammation and release of myocellular proteins after the realisation of an eccentric contraction protocol on a rat treadmill. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly reduced by approximately 25% after ingestion of both extracts of ginseng. Both extracts reduced lipid peroxidation by approximately 15% as measured by malondialdehyde levels. beta-Glucuronidase concentrations and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) levels, which can be considered markers of inflammation, were also significantly reduced. The values of beta-glucuronidase were increased from 35.9+/-1.5 to 128.4+/-8.1 in vastus and to 131.1+/-12.1 U x g(-1) in rectus, the protection due to ginseng administration being approximately 40% in both muscles. Both extracts appeared to be equally effective in reducing injuries and inflammation caused by eccentric muscle contractions.
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PMID:Protective effects of Panax ginseng on muscle injury and inflammation after eccentric exercise. 1170 93

To examine the effects of carbofuran on the testis of male rats. The activities of beta-glucuronidase (beta-G), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-x (LDHx) in serum and testis homogenate were determined for the rats given carbofuran at the dises of 0.3, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg orally for 7, 35 and 77 days. The results showed that after 7 days, the activities of beta-G in serum in all exposed groups were lower than those in control (P < 0.05). The activities of beta-G in testis homogenate in 0.3 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg were higher or lower than those in control (P < 0.05), respectively. After 77 days, the activities of G-6-PD in serum both in 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg were lower than those in control (P < 0.05). The activities of LDHx in testis homogenate in 3.0 mg/kg were lower than those in control (P < 0.05). It suggested that exposure to carbofuran could testis damage.
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PMID:[Dynamic observation of carbofuran on symbolic enzymes in testis of rats]. 1273 Dec 74

Adriamycin, which is widely used in the treatment of various neoplastic conditions, exerts toxic effects in many organs. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lipoic acid upon adriamycin induced peroxidative damages in rat kidney. The increase in peroxidated lipids on adriamycin administration was accompanied by alterations in the antioxidant defense systems. The extent of nephrotoxicity induced by adriamycin was evident from the decreased activities of the enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase and beta-glucuronidase in the rat renal tissues. The study was carried out with adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, which comprised of one control and three experimental groups. Group I rats served as controls. Group II rats received adriamycin (1 mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1)) intravenously through the tail vein. Group III rats were given lipoic acid (35 mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1)) intraperitoneally. Group IV rats were given lipoic acid 24 h before the administration of adriamycin. Rats subjected to adriamycin administration showed a decline in the thiol capacity of the cell accompanied by high malondialdehyde levels along with lowered activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione metabolizing enzymes (glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase). Lipoic acid pretreatment also restored the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and beta-glucuronidase nearly to control levels thereby suggesting nephroprotection. The study has highlighted the beneficial effects of lipoic acid pretreatment in reversing the damages caused by adriamycin and thereby bringing about an improvement in the oxidative stress parameters.
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PMID:Protective effect of lipoic acid on adriamycin induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney. 1284 25

This study examined the effects of estrogen supplementation on markers of neutrophil infiltration and damage in skeletal muscle of rats following ischemia. Male and female gonad-intact rats, with or without 14 days of estrogen supplementation were subjected to two hours of hind-limb ischemia and sacrificed at 24, 48 or 72 hours post-ischemia. Control animals were sacrificed without ischemia. Plantaris and red and white gastrocneimus muscles were removed and assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and beta-glucuronidase (betaGLU), as markers of muscle damage. Significant elevations of MPO, G6PD and betaGLU activities were observed at various time points post-ischemia. No systematic differences between genders were noted in any of the measures. Estrogen supplementation in both male and female animals failed to significantly attenuate post-ischemia increases in MPO, G6PD and betaGLU activities in any of the muscles studied and in some cases accentuated activities of some of these measures. Unlike previous findings following exercise in skeletal muscle, this study failed to demonstrate estrogen-induced attenuation of indices of neutrophil infiltration or damage in skeletal muscles of rats up to 72 hours following ischemia. This demonstrates that estrogen may not consistently attenuate neutrophil infiltration and that a number of variables including damage modality, tissue or estrogen level may influence this.
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PMID:Estrogen supplementation failed to attenuate biochemical indices of neutrophil infiltration or damage in rat skeletal muscles following ischemia. 1623

Lysosomal changes of mouse skeletal muscle during the repair of exercise injuries were studied with biochemical, histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. Treadmill running for 4 hours and 9 hours increased the activities of cathepsin C and beta-glucuronidase, but not that of beta-glycerophosphatase in mouse quadriceps femoris muscle. The highest activities occurred 3 days after exertion and were higher after the longer duration of exertion. Similar changes that were highly correlated with the activities of lysosomal enzymes occurred in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and in the concentration of DNA. The activities of lysosomal enzymes correlated significantly with the severity of histopathologic injuries. Histochemical stainings of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase showed a strong increase in the staining intensity 3 and 5 days after exertion, both in inflammatory phagocytes and in surviving muscle fibers in the injured area, and staining intensities increased in parallel with the severity of injuries. Electron microscopy showed an increased number of autophagic vacuoles, lysosome-like bodies, and Golgi complexes in the fibers adjacent to necrotic foci, coinciding with the highest histochemical staining pattern. Lysosomal changes in surviving muscle fibers in close proximity to injured muscle fibers could, by autophagic degradation, provide structural elements for the regeneration of injured muscle fibers.
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PMID:Lysosomal changes in mouse skeletal muscle during the repair of exercise injuries. 1675 92

Obtaining reliable gene expression data using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is highly dependent on the choice of normalization method. We tested the expression stability of multiple candidate genes in the salivary glands (SG) and synganglia (SYN) of female Ixodes scapularis (Say) ticks in multiple blood-feeding phases. We found that the amount of total RNA in both the SG and SYN increases dramatically during tick feeding, with 34x and 5.8x increases from 62 and 7.1 ng of unfed tick, respectively. We tested candidate genes that were predicted from I. scapularis genome data to encode glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), ribosomal protein L13A (l13a), TATA box-binding protein (tbp), ribosomal protein S4 (rps4), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh), and beta-glucuronidase (gusb). The geNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to analyze data from different feeding phases (i.e., daily samples from unfed to fully engorged females over a 7-d period in three replicate experiments). We found that the rps4 and l13a genes showed highly stable expression patterns over the feeding duration in both the SG and SYN. Furthermore, the highly expressed rps4 gene makes it useful as a normalization factor when we perform studies using minute amounts of dissected tissue for qPCR. We conclude that rps4 and l13a, whether individually or as a pair, serve as suitable internal reference genes for qRT-PCR studies in the SG and SYN of I. scapularis.
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PMID:Validation of internal reference genes for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies in the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). 2342 55


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