Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 85 men aged 18 to 42 years, smoking cigarettes by 2 to 25 years, the intracellular enzymes activity having varying localization, has been determined by the use of semiquantitative histochemical methods. The lymphocytes from subjects smoking not more than 10 years the increased activity of acid phosphatase, leucyl aminopeptidase, and lactic dehydrogenase as well as decreased activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has been stated. In contrast, in subjects smoking more than 10 years the intracellular activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and lactic dehydrogenase in lymphocytes has been diminished. Above enzymatic deficiencies could represent the biochemical basis of functional alterations of lymphocytes from smokers observed by numerous authors.
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PMID:[Enzyme deficiency in the lymphocytes of tobacco smokers]. 259 89

Adler and Martin (1983, Curr. Eye Res. 2, 359-66) found cathepsin D to be present in crude preparations of bovine interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). The purpose of the present study was to determine, by investigating several acid hydrolases in purer IPM samples, whether hydrolytic enzymes abundant in RPE lysosomes were present also as normal components of the IPM. IPM was prepared from bovine eyes by the introduction of a small bleb of buffer between the neural retina and the RPE. These IPM samples were free from significant contamination by surrounding tissues; they contained IRBP as their only major protein, and had negligible amounts of lactate dehydrogenase and ROS-specific proteins. Most acid hydrolases were assayed fluorometrically by measuring the 4-methylumbelliferone released upon hydrolysis of appropriate derivatives; the substrate for cathepsin was hemoglobin. The amounts of the enzymes found in the IPM were far from uniform and could not be correlated with enzyme activities in either RPE or retina homogenates. The hydrolases in the IPM varied in amount from beta-galactosidase (28% of the RPE level), through N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (20%), alpha-fucosidase (15%), beta-glucuronidase (12%), alpha-glucosidase (8%), cathepsin D (7%), alpha-mannosidase (7%), down to beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and acid lipase (trace amounts, less than 1%). These results agree with the relative amounts of enzymes found by Wilcox (1987) to be secreted into the medium by cultured human RPE cells. Furthermore, the rank order of hydrolases in the IPM is the same as that for hydrolases secreted (but not recaptured) by human fibroblasts in I-cell disease. The conclusion from these correlations is that lysosomal enzymes are probably secreted, as a normal process, by the RPE into the IPM, where they may have a role in digesting shed outer segments and in catabolizing IPM components.
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PMID:Selective presence of acid hydrolases in the interphotoreceptor matrix. 261 85

To identify early markers of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy, a study was made of the activity of the specific canalicular enzymes in urine: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with diabetes mellitus without (26) and with (15) proteinuria. Patients without the clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy manifested a significant rise of excretion of lysosomal enzymes of the proximal canaliculi (NAG and beta-G1). Concomitant elevation of the excretion of several enzymes (NAG, beta-Gl, GGT and AP) was observed in 50% of cases. Patients with diabetic nephropathy demonstrated an increase of the excretion of all enzymes under study. Puncture biopsy of the kidneys was made in 4 patients without proteinuria with insignificant duration of diabetes mellitus and concomitant elevation of the excretion of a number of enzymes. Light microscopy revealed minimal changes in the glomeruli, whereas electron microscopy changes both in the glomeruli and in the canaliculi. The morphological changes in renal tissue confirm the diagnostic importance of high concomitant excretion of canalicular enzymes (NAG, beta-Gl, AP) as a marker of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Urinary enzymes as a marker of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy]. 262 51

The biochemical and histopathological response of the lung following acute and repeated (subacute) exposure to nitrogen oxide (NO2) was examined. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, choline kinase, and protease inhibitor were measured in murine pulmonary tissue immediately and two days following exposure. Nonenzymatic parameters, pulmonary protein content, and wet lung weight were also monitored. Immediately following acute exposure to NO2, only the nonenzymatic parameters were elevated. By two days following acute exposure, following subacute exposure; however, the nonenzymatic parameters were attenuated with respect to the enzymatic activities. The lung exhibits a dynamic response following damage by oxidants such as NO2. This response is divided into three distinct phases (exudative, proliferative, and tolerant), which can be characterized both biochemically and histopathologically.
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PMID:Phase-dependent response of the lung to NO2 irritant insult. 263 69

Effect of oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, on certain enzymes, which may be taken as markers for the different stages of spermatogenesis, was studied in male albino rats. Gossypol produced a significant decrease in hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, while no change was observed in beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. A significant increase in the total lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the testis. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of gossypol on few testicular enzymes in mature rats. 263 70

Endothelial injury has been proposed as a feature of a wide variety of vascular diseases, and release of endothelial lysosomal hydrolases could contribute to the pathological changes seen. We have determined the relative activities of 14 glycosidases, two esterases and four peptide hydrolases in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and investigated whether known agonists of endothelial function, or materials known to modulate hydrolase secretion in other phagocytic cells, influenced the activity or secretion of these enzymes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase and alpha-iduronidase accounted for most of the measured glycosidase activity. Acid phosphatase activity greatly exceeded arylsulphatase activity, and most of the measured peptidase activity was due to acid peptidases. Optimum pH and apparent Km values were determined for the most abundant hydrolases. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to bradykinin, thrombin or interleukin-1 resulted in negligible release of either hexosaminidase or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in contrast to phorbol myristate acetate, which caused a parallel, dose-dependent release of both enzymes. Treatment of these cells with calcium ionophore A23187, trypsin or platelet-activating factor, caused less than 10% release of either hexosaminidase or LDH. Agents known to modulate lysosomal enzyme secretion by other phagocytic cells failed to induce selective secretion of lysosomal enzymes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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PMID:Lysosomal hydrolases of human vascular cells: response to agonists of endothelial function. 264 39

Tissue kallikrein is an enzyme that forms the vasoactive peptide kallidin from an endogenous substrate L-kininogen. Tissue kallikrein has been identified in joint fluids and in inflammatory infiltrates within synovial membranes. It is suggested that tissue kallikrein and kinins have an important role in synovitis and joint damage. Immunoreactive tissue kallikrein and amidase activity were both measured in the synovial fluid of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 12 with osteoarthritis (OA). Active enzyme concentrations were higher in RA than in OA and correlated well with the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase. Both total immunoreactive tissue kallikrein and the proenzyme values were similar in RA and OA. Tissue kallikrein was localised by immunocytochemistry to the polymorphonuclear leucocytes present in the synovial fluid and membranes of patients with RA.
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PMID:A tissue kallikrein in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 264 23

Examining the relationships among indicators of the acute inflammatory response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and specific bacterial species in subgingival plaque may provide indications of which bacterial species or groups of species may be associated with potentially destructive host-derived processes. Here we report on the relationship of the subgingival plaque flora to the activity of mammalian forms of the enzymes beta-glucuronidase (beta G), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and arylsulfatase (AS) in GCF from a total of 54 4-6 mm periodontal sites from 13 periodontitis patients. Sites were scored for probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing, and GCF was collected using filter paper strips inserted into the sulcus for 30 s, eluted in buffer and assayed for enzyme activity. 1 week later, the patients were again evaluated for PD and bleeding, and subgingival plaque was removed with a curette oriented toward the pocket epithelium. Plaque samples were examined by darkfield microscopy and cultured anaerobically on selective and non-selective media. Various groups of bacteria, including species of black pigmenting Bacteroides (BPB), Fusobacterium sp., Capnocytophaga sp, Streptococcus sanguis, and total facultative organisms were enumerated. Relationships among the enzymes and bacterial groups expressed as colony-forming unit (CFU) counts or as a % of the total cultivable flora were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. beta G levels were significantly correlated with populations of spirochetes, B. intermedius, B. gingivalis, and total lactose negative BPB's. Correlation between beta G and F. nucleatum sp. or Capnocytophaga sp. approached but did not reach statistically significant levels. In contrast, LDH activity showed a significant positive correlation with levels of B. gingivalis and total lactose negative BPB's. AS levels were significantly correlated only with B. gingivalis. beta G and LDH showed a significant negative correlation with levels of coccoid forms. Thus, beta G, an acid hydrolase which can serve as a marker for primary granule release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was most closely correlated with the micro-organisms found in other studies to be associated with chronic adult periodontitis.
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PMID:Relationship of subgingival plaque flora to lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid. 265 65

Biochemical and cytological responses in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid were investigated after instillation of cadmium oxide (CdO) or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) into the rat lung. Although biochemical responses of the lung to CdO were similar to the CdCl2-exposed lung, cytological response was more sensitive to CdO than CdCl2. Increases of lactate dehydrogenase, protein content and number of cells in the lavage fluid were proportional to the dose over the range of 0.5-10 micrograms Cd/rat. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the fluid increased with dose at low doses of Cd, but the activity did not continue to increase above 2 micrograms Cd/rat. A dose-response profile of phosphorus content in the lavage fluid, which might indicate amount of surfactant produced by Type II cells was similar to that observed for beta-glucuronidase in CdO-treated rats. Thus, tolerable level of instilled CdO for the rat lung was about 2 micrograms Cd/rat.
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PMID:Toxicity of cadmium oxide instilled into the rat lung. II. Inflammatory responses in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. 271 4

Cardiotoxin, isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra, was found to cause rat hind-paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. This edematous response was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with diphenhydramine, methysergide or compound 48/80, which reduced the tissue histamine content. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte infiltration appeared within 1 h and had accumulated markedly in the rat paw 3-6 h after subplantar injection of cardiotoxin. Methotrexate pretreatment significantly reduced not only the peripheral leukocyte count but also cardiotoxin-induced paw edema. Captopril, a kininase inhibitor, potentiated the edematous response caused by a low dose of cardiotoxin. The initial phase, occurring within 3 h, of paw edema induced by cardiotoxin was suppressed by trasylol, [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]bradykinin, or by cellulose sulfate pretreatment which greatly reduced plasma kininogen levels. Both mast cells and PMN leukocytes possess kinin-forming activities, but with different properties. The kinin-forming activity of mast cells but not of PMN leukocytes was inhibited by trasylol. In isolated mast cells, cardiotoxin caused a dose-dependent release of histamine, beta-glucuronidase, lactate dehydrogenase and kinin-forming activity. These observations suggest that mast cells and PMN leukocytes are involved in cardiotoxin-induced paw edema, and that inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin and kinins were supplied directly or indirectly by mast cells, at least in the initial phase.
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PMID:Roles of mast cells and PMN leukocytes in cardiotoxin-induced rat paw edema. 272 49


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