Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of volatile anesthetics were assessed in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by surface-scanning electron microscopy and by measuring leakage of cellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase into the surrounding medium. The order of potency in regard to their capacity to produce alterations of these parameters was halothane = methoxyflurane greater than ether = control. The extent of enzyme leakage from hepatocytes exposed to halothane or methoxyflurane was both dose dependent and, for the first 30 minutes, time dependent. Surface scanning of the isolated hepatocytes showed that both halothane and methoxyflurane produced enzyme leakage and morphologic changes in cellular membranes, but ether did not. These studies demonstrate that scanning electron microscopy and enzyme leakage from cells are useful for the evaluation of drug-induced changes in lever cells in vitro. The relation between these drug-induced changes and clinical hepatotoxicity remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Hepatocyte responses to volatile anesthetics: changes in surface scanning and enzyme leakage. 56 86

The specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its M-type (M-LDH), beta-glucuronidase (beta-GR), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined. The specific activities of the enzymes (LDH, beta-GR) in the myometrium were lower and their changes less pronounced than in the endometrium. We, therefore, determined the enzymes in the rat endometrium only in further experiments. All enzymes react sensitively to the changes induced in the endometrium by endogenous hormones in the course of a 4-day cycle: pro-oestrus (P) is characterized by rather low enzyme activities, oestrus (E) by a peak of LDH and M-LDH and a rise of AP. In metoestrus (M) there is a peak of beta-GR, ACP and AP. Dioestrus (D) is characterized by a significant decrease in LDH and M-LDH and by elevated values of all the other enzymes. The values on the individual days of the 4-day cycle were compared with days 4-6 of pregnancy. The reason for this was that if the rats were not mated, they would, respectively, return to pro-oestrus instead of being 4 days pregnant, to oestrus instead of being 5 days pregnant, or to metoestrus instead of being 6 days pregnant. We found the following differences: on day 4 of pregnancy LDH and M-LDH were lower and ACP and AP higher than in P. On day 5 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, beta-GR and AP were lower than in E. On day 6 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, ACP and especially beta-GR, were lower than in M.
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PMID:Rat endometrium enzymes in 4-day oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. 57 74

A pool of acid hydrolases exists within the acellular lining material of the alveoli and distal airways of the lungs. These extracellular hydrolases, obtained using pulmonary lavage procedures, appear to be of a selected variety insofar as some hydrolases (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase) are highly active while others (beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase) are barely detectable. The origins of these hydrolases were investigated. Neither leakage of serum nor cell damage can account for the presence of the extracellular hydrolases in lavage effluents. Electrophoretic mobilities on acrylamide gels indicate that the extracellular hydrolases generally differ from those found in serum. Cytoplasmic soluble enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase were used to monitor cell damage and show that the extracellular hydrolases did not originate from cell leakage during the lavage procedure. Hydrolases similar to those found extracellularly are associated with highly purified lysosome-free lamellar bodies isolated from homogenates of lung. The extracellular hydrolases are probably selected by the type 2 cells of the pulmonary alveolar epithelium during their selection of lamellar bodies.
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PMID:Extracellular hydrolases of the lung. 62 5

The ability of highly purified human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) to induce neutrophil lysosomal protein release is described. Human peripheral blood neutrophils isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque and dextran sedimentation were exposed to purified human LP. The specific granule-associated proteins, lysozyme and lactoferrin were selectively released, whereas primary granule (beta-glucuronidase) and cytoplasmic (lactic dehydrogenase) enzyme markers were not. Optimum release was observed after 45 min in the presence of Ca++ and Mg++. Cytochalasin B (5 microgram/ml) had no effect on LP-induced lysosomal enzyme release. Since the pyrogenicity of LP is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis, the effect of two potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on lysozyme release was studied. Both indomethacin and naproxen failed to inhibit specific granule protein release. These observations suggest that the concommitance of fever, elevated serum or urine lysozyme and hypoferremia may, in part, be explained by the interaction of LP and peripheral blood neutrophils.
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PMID:Human leukocytic pyrogen induces release of specific granule contents from human neutrophils. 65 95

Several nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated for their capacity to modulate phagocytosis by and lysosomal enzyme secretion from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. During cell contact with and phagocytosis of serum-treated zymosan particles, guinea-pig neutrophils demonstrated a selective extracellular release of lysosome granule-associated beta-glucuronidase and acid protease but not cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 inhibited particle uptake by and lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophils incubated with zymosan in Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium containing 7.5 mM glucose, pH 7.4, AT 37 degrees C. Flazalone and sulindac were inactive. In the presence of cytochalasin B, an agent which inhibits phagocytosis while having no effect on the selective discharge of lysosomal enzymes, ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 continued to inhibit the release of beta-glucuronidase and acid protease from neutrophils. An investigation of the properties of guinea-pig neutrophil acid protease activity revealed a pH optimum of 3.5. Activity was inhibited by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. Sulfhydryl inhibitors, chelating agents and soybean trypsin inhibitor had no effect on neutrophil acid protease activity. These studies indicate that certain nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents may function as regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from neutrophils; and that these neutrophils contain an acid protease which resembles an enzyme known to mediate tissue destruction in several inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents: regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from guinea-pig neutrophils. 71 44

Serum enzymes have not proved useful in evaluation of patients with early colon cancer, but certain enzymes such as transpeptidase, phosphohexone isosomerase, or 5'-nucleotidase have been of assistance in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver. Attempts have been made to improve the utility of enzyme analysis in colon cancer by examination of enzyme patterns in colon biopsy specimens, feces, and colon washings. These studies, which will be summarized, are of importance in the possible development of diagnostic tools and as probes in the understanding of the etiology of colon cancer. The technical problems in carrying out these assays in humans, as well as the significance of the activity of aryl sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-p-osphate dehydrogenase, and other enzymes will be considered.
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PMID:Enzymes in colon cancer. General information. 76 57

By exploiting the unique characteristics of three ionophores, experimental conditions were found which permit the dissociation of respiratory stimulation from secretion in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A marked stimulation of respiration was produced by ionophore X537A, which binds and transports both alkali-earth and alkali cations. The stimulatory activity of this ionophore was the same at either high or low Na+/K+ ratios in the medium and was virtually unaffected by extracellular Ca2+. A slight stimulation of oxygen consumption was also caused by the K+-selective ionophore valinomycin and by ionophore A23187, which complexes and transfers bivalent cations. Ionophore X537A and valinomycin were unable to stimulate selective release of granuleassociated beta-glucuronidase and gradually increased cell fragility, as monitored by increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Ionophore A23187 slightly increased exocytosis of beta-glucuronidase. In a Mg2+-free medium, Ca2+, added simultaneously with ionophore A23187, greatly enhanced respiration and secretion of the granule enzyme. If Ca2+ was added a few minutes after the ionophore, exocytosis occurred, but no respiratory burst was observed. If the latter experiment was repeated in the presence of extracellular Mg2+, both secretion and respiration were stimulated. This effect was not produced by Mn2+ or Ba2+. It is proposed that Ca2+ is required for triggering selective secretion of granule enzymes from leucocytes is caused by an intracellular redistribution of cations, which may invovle Mg2+-dependent mechanisms.
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PMID:The dissociation of exocytosis and respiratory stimulation in leucocytes by ionophores. 78 49

The value of certain cytochemical and cytoenzymatic investigations in the management of leukemias is discussed in different types of acute or chronic leukemias. Among the data resulting from cytochemical methods those related to cellular biochemical components such as DNA, RNA, glycogen and lipids are particularly noteworthy. The results of cytoenzymatic investigations have stressed the necessity of knowing the activity of certain enzymes such as peroxidases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a.o. The prospective value of enzymes such as dehydrofolate reductase, DNA and RNA polymerases, DNA and RNA-ases a.o. in the management of leukemias is also mentioned.
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PMID:Cytochemical and cytoenzymatic investigations in the management of leukemias. 79 43

The activity of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) given i.m. to adjuvant-induced polyarthritic rats was studied alone or in combination with active doses of aspirin, indomethacin and hydrocortisone. In addition to paw volume and body weight changes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum albumin/globulin and gold levels as well as plasma activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and lactic acid dehydrogenase were measured. In prophylactic studies the beneficial activity of GST was unaffected by aspirin, suggesting a positive drug interaction, but additive with indomethacin or hydrocortisone for the 1st but not 2nd lesion of the disease. These results were closely correlated with increased serum gold levels. Similar clinical findings were observed in therapeutic studies except that a positive drug interaction occurred between GST and hydrocortisone. Unlike in the prophylactic experiments, serum gold levels were unaffected by any of the agents tested in the therapeutic studies.
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PMID:Effect of concurrent administration of aspirin, indomethacin or hydrocortisone with gold sodium thiomalate against adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. 82

In the presented study the influence of freezing and freeze-drying on enzyme activity is described. Attention is paid to 16 enzymes which can be used for quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques. With the exception of succinate dehydrogenase only, no significant inactivation during freezing and freeze-drying procedures could be demonstrated with lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD+), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADH-oxydoreductase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non specific aryl esterase. Therefore, the results supply a sound foundation for those quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in which tissue specimens are frozen or frozen-dried before enzyme estimations are performed.
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PMID:The influence of freezing and freeze-drying of tissue specimens on enzyme activity. 87 Apr 61


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