Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the presence of a known colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH), the activity of beta-glucuronidase was found to be significantly increased in the distal colon, distal intestine, liver and colon contents and the activity of mucinase was increased in both the colon and fecal contents when compared to control rats. Chilli (Capsicum annum L., Solanaceae) administration also showed an increase when compared to control rats, whereas supplementation with cumin (Cuminum cyminum L., Apiaceae) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L., Piperaceae) in the presence of DMH, showed more or less similar values as that of the control rats. The increase in beta-glucuronidase activity may increase the hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates, liberating the toxins, while the increase in mucinase activity may enhance the hydrolysis of the protective mucins in the colon. Thus cumin and black pepper may protect the colon by decreasing the activity of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase. Histopathological studies also showed lesser infiltration into the submucosa, fewer papillae and lesser changes in the cytoplasm of the cells in the colon in cumin and black pepper groups when compared to the DMH and chilli treated animals.
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PMID:Influence of spices on the bacterial (enzyme) activity in experimental colon cancer. 972 Jun 7

A novel method for selection of transgenic plants utilizing the sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as selection marker and Erwinia carotovora as the selection agent has been developed. An expression vector containing a pflp cDNA driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was successfully transformed into protocorm-like bodies of Oncidium orchid by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, respectively. Erwinia carotovora was used as a selection agent to screen transformants, thereby obtaining transgenic plants without the use of an antibiotic selection agent. A total of 32 independent transgenic orchid lines were obtained, out of which 9 transgenic lines (beta-glucuronidase positive) were randomly selected and confirmed by Southern and northern blot analyses. The transgenic orchid plants showed enhanced resistance to E. carotovora, even when the entire plant was challenged with the pathogen. Our results suggest the novel use of the pflp gene as a resistance selection marker in plant genetic engineering strategies. In the future, the use of the pflp gene as a selection marker may facilitate the use of smaller gene constructs due to removal of bulky antibiotic selection and reporter genes. These constructs can then be used to incorporate additional genes of choice.
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PMID:Sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as a novel selection marker for orchid transformation. 1272 49

In Capsicum, the resistance conferred by the L(2) gene is effective against all of the pepper-infecting tobamoviruses except Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), whereas that conferred by the L(4) gene is effective against them all. These resistances are expressed by a hypersensitive response, manifested through the formation of necrotic local lesions (NLLs) at the primary site of infection. The Capsicum L(2) gene confers resistance to Paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV), while the L(4) gene is effective against both PaMMV and PMMoV. The PaMMV and PMMoV coat proteins (CPs) were expressed in Capsicum frutescens (L(2)L(2)) and Capsicum chacoense (L(4)L(4)) plants using the heterologous Potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system. In C. frutescens (L(2)L(2)) plants, the chimeric PVX virus containing the PaMMV CP was localized in the inoculated leaves and produced NLLs, whereas the chimeric PVX containing the PMMoV CP infected the plants systemically. Thus, the data indicated that the PaMMV CP is the only tobamovirus factor required for the induction of the host response mediated by the Capsicum L(2) resistance gene. In C. chacoense (L(4)L(4)) plants, both chimeric viruses were localized to the inoculated leaves and produced NLLs, indicating that either PaMMV or PMMoV CPs are required to elicit the L(4) gene-mediated host response. In addition, transient expression of PaMMV CP into C. frutescens (L(2)L(2)) leaves and PMMoV CP into C. chacoense (L(4)L(4)) leaves by biolistic co-bombardment with a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene led to the induction of cell death and the expression of host defence genes in both hosts. Thus, the tobamovirus CP is the elicitor of the Capsicum L(2) and L(4) gene-mediated hypersensitive response.
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PMID:The coat protein of tobamovirus acts as elicitor of both L2 and L4 gene-mediated resistance in Capsicum. 1521 93

The 5' flanking region of the CALTPI gene, which encodes a basic lipid transfer protein, was isolated and characterized from the genomic DNA of Capsicum annuum. Four different regions of the promoter sequence of the CALTPI gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region. In an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay, the transcriptional activations of the promoter deletions were examined in tobacco leaves after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, and treatment with ethylene and salicylic acid. The -808 bp region of the CALTPI gene promoter sequence exhibited full promoter activity. The W-box and ERE-box elements, which are essential for induction by all signals, were localized in the region between -555 bp and -391 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. A CALTPI transgene was then introduced under the control of the 35S promoter into the Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the CALTPI gene developed rapidly compared to the wild-type plants, indicating that CALTPI may be involved in plant development. Overexpression of the CALTPI gene enhanced the resistance against infection by P. syringae pv. tomato and Botrytis cinerea. The transgenic plants expressing the CALTPI gene also showed high levels of tolerance to NaCl and drought stresses at various vegetative growth stages. No transcription of the PR-1, PR-2, PR-5, thionin, and RD29A genes was observed in untreated leaf tissues of the transgenic plants. The enhanced resistance to pathogen and environmental stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis correlated with the enhanced expression of the CALTPI gene.
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PMID:Identification of pathogen-responsive regions in the promoter of a pepper lipid transfer protein gene (CALTPI) and the enhanced resistance of the CALTPI transgenic Arabidopsis against pathogen and environmental stresses. 1565 38

The drought-inducible DS2 genes of potatoes are members of the ASR (abscisic acid, stress and ripening) gene family. Previously it was shown that expression of DS2 genes is highly dehydration-specific in potato leaves, is not inducible by cold, heat, salt, hypoxia or oxidative stresses, and is independent of abscisic acid (ABA). Now it is shown that StDS2 does not respond either to sucrose or any plant hormones. Conservation of DS2 genes with this unique mode of regulation was studied in the solanaceous species with different relationships to potatoes. DS2 orthologues were identified by DNA sequence alignment in the closely related Lycopersicon and Capsicum species but not in the more distantly related Nicotiana sp. DNA and RNA gel blot analysis revealed the presence of a gene highly homologous to the potato gene StDS2 in tomato (LeDS2) with the same desiccation-specific expression in leaves and organ-specific expression in flowers and green fruits. The LeDS2 promoter was isolated and found to be almost identical in sequence with the promoter of StDS2, except for a 45-bp insertion in tomato. In contrast, no gene highly similar to StDS2 was detected in Nicotiana species on DNA gel blots. Neither StDS2 nor LeDS2 promoter regions were able to confer expression for the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic tobacco plants indicating that the trans regulatory factors necessary for DS2 expression are not conserved either in Nicotiana tabacum. These data suggest a narrow species-specificity and late evolution of the DS2-type genes within the family Solanaceae.
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PMID:Conservation of the drought-inducible DS2 genes and divergences from their ASR paralogues in solanaceous species. 1585 35