Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 2 to 100 ng/ml) and ionophore A23187 (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) cause human neutrophils to release up to 50% of the granule-associated enzyme lysozyme extracellularly without release of beta-glucuronidase or the cytoplasmic enzyme LDH. When azurophil and specific granules are separated from neutrophil lysates by sucrose density centrifugation, it is found that lysozyme release from neutrophils exposed to PMA or to A23187 reflects a selective disappearance of the small, peroxidase-negative (specific) granules from the cells. These studies demonstrate that neutrophils can mobilize the specific and azurophil granules independently. These studies also demonstrate that under certain conditions the specific granules of human neutrophils behave like the storage granules of secretory cells. Finally, these studies show that techniques of separating neutrophil granules according to their sedimentation characteristics successfully divide these granules into populations that are distinct not only by cytochemical and morphologic criteria but also according to their availability for mobilization and extracellular release. (APM J Pathol 87:273-284, 1977).
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PMID:The differential mobilization of human neutrophil granules. Effects of phorbol myristate acetate and ionophore A23187. 32 7

12 human embryos and fetuses (in weeks 4 to 20 of the intrauterine life) were studied using the methods according to Lojda for the activity of the following enzymes: alkaline and acid phosphatases (AlP, AcP), acid nonspecific esterase (AE), ATP- splitting enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidases A and M (APA, APM), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH). Glycogen content was determined by PAS method. In the youngest embryos, a high activity of DPP IV was recorded in the epithelium of differentiating primitive glandular tubules. Activity of other peptidases was low. The activity of AcP was found in tubular epithelium and mesenchymal cells. After week 7, glycogen was present in the supranuclear zone of tubule epithelium. In older fetuses, especially after week 15 of the intrauterine life, the activity of all studied enzymes gradually intensifies. In acinic anlage, a high activity of DPP IV was observed, activity of APM and GGT increased, activity of APA was lower. A relatively high activity of peptidases was recorded even in the epithelium of ducts. The capillaries showed a high activity of AlP and ATP-ase.
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PMID:Histochemistry of enzymes in the pancreas of human embryos. 183 90

Activities of the following enzymes were assessed in cryostat sections of human embryonic and fetal placentae aged 7 to 22 weeks of the intrauterine life using the standard methods recommended by Lojda et al. (1978): alkaline phosphatase (AIP), and acid phosphatase (AcP), non-specific esterase (ANE), ATP-cleaving enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DPP IV), aminopeptidase A and M (APA, APM), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH, SDH). Since week 7 high activity of AIP has been proved in the apical zone of the plasmodiotrophoblast. At the same time the DPP IV activity appeared in the plasmodiotrophoblast, in the stroma of villi, and, latter on, in vascular endothelium. In the fetal placenta the APA activity was pronounced both in the cytotrophoblast and the stroma of villi. The activities of AcP and ANE were relatively weak. In the course of development the activities of most enzymes were gradually increasing.
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PMID:Histochemistry of some enzymes in human embryonic and fetal placentae. 215 Oct 77

Alterations in the metabolic functions of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In an investigation of this possibility, 30 trabeculectomy specimens from patients with POAG were examined histochemically for 11 lysosomal and membrane-bound enzymes. The patients ranged from 48 to 87 years in age. The degree of enzyme staining was compared with that of 15 age-matched controls obtained from an eye bank at less than 24 h after death. There was no history of eye disease in the controls. The enzymes examined were: dipeptidylpeptidases II and IV (DPPII and IV); beta-glucuronidase (beta-GLUC); acid-beta-galactosidase (s beta-GAL); N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG); nonspecific esterase (UE); acid phosphatase (SP); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); and aminopeptidase A and M (APA and APM). Evaluation of the specimens was performed by two observers and by computer-aided optic densitometry. Results showed increased staining of SP, UE, GGT and APM in the pathological specimens as compared with the controls. SP and UE indicate phagocytic activity, APM is involved in collagen turnover and GGT participates in both drug detoxification and the breakdown of glutathione in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Our observations show different hydrolase activities in the TM cells of human glaucomatous eyes as compared with normal values, suggesting that such metabolic differences may be related to the pathogenesis of POAG.
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PMID:Increased hydrolase activities in the human trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous eyes. 809 35

The distributions of the hydrolases acid and alkaline phosphatase (AP and ALP), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gluc), beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), non-specific esterase (UE), dipeptidylpeptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV), aminopeptidases M and A (APM and APA), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were investigated in the human, pig and Lewis rat normal anterior segment by histochemical methods. The distribution of the above hydrolases, particularly that of proteases, varied between ocular tissues and between the three species. Lysosomal hydrolases together with GGT and ALP were consistently active in the corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium in all three species; the corneal distribution and activity of beta-Gal, APM, APA and DPPIV, however, displayed interspecies variation. The angular tissues showed similarities for most hydrolases with the exceptions of beta-Gal, UE, APM, APA and DPPIV. In all eyes examined strong ciliary epithelial activity for AP, beta-Gal, UE, GGT and ALP was observed in the pars plicata; only the pig eye also displayed strong DPPIV activity in this area. Regional differences in hydrolase distribution in the iris were observed in all species. A post-mortem freezing delay of longer than 24 h resulted in a decrease in hydrolase activity.
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PMID:Hydrolases of anterior segment tissues in the normal human, pig and rat eye: a comparative study. 818 69