Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Hemolymph from the giant African snail Archachatina marginata has been analyzed for its content of certain lysosomal hydrolases and shown to contain substantial quantities of acid phosphatase (285 units/ml) hexosaminidase (512 units per ml) and beta-glucuronidase (28 units/ml). 2. Hemolymph acid phosphatase can be fractionated into 6 active components by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. 3. Some of the acid phosphatase species can be distinguished on the basis of heat stability, pH dependency and sensitivity to inhibitors including phosphate, L(+) tartrate, fluoride, formaldehyde and 1.10 phenanthroline.
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PMID:Demonstration of multiple forms of acid phosphatase in hemolymph of the African snail, Archachatina marginata. 31 14

We wished to determine if dexamethasome, acting as a lysosome stabilizer, could reduce the release and activation of the lysosomal acid hydrolases, and thus retard autolysis of stored corneas. One cornea (experimental) of a rabbit was soaked in a 2 per cent steroid solution and the other cornea (control) in physiological saline for 3 hours at 23 degrees C. The experimental and control corneas were then processed histochemically to show the localization of the lysosomal marker enzymes beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. Compared to the controls the steroid treated corneas showed reduced enzyme activity suggesting that autolysis during storage had been retarded.
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PMID:The prevention of autolysis in stored corneas by lysosome stabilization. A histochemical study. 32 Nov 4

During the 2 h following the injection of chickens (aged nine to 11 weeks) with endotoxin isolated from a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (O78) there was a transient rise in the activity of acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase and beta-glucuronidase in the plasma, suggesting increased release of these enzymes from lysosomes. This was followed by a fall in their activity which may have been due largely to stabilisation of the lysosomal membrane brought about by increased secretion of adrenocortical hormones and/or accelerated removal of the enzymes from circulation by the reticuloendothelial system.
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PMID:The effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin on lysosomal enzymes in the domestic fowl. 33 28

Incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages (thioglycollate-induced) for 72 hours with the supernatant of a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) between skin allograft donor and recipient results in a decrease of macrophage acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2.) and beta glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31). The alteration of these lysosomal enzymes is not explained by a loss of cell viability.
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PMID:Decrease of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages incubated with supernatants of mixed culture of allograft donor and recipient lymphocytes. 33 8

The pattern of lysosomal enzyme activities in isolated pancreatic islets was studied in 3 different strains of mice, NMRI, CBA, and C-57, and related to the in vivo insulin release following injection of the insulin scretagogues glucose and carbachol. It was observed that the relative specific activities among the islet enzymes studied did not show the same pattern in the different strains although beta-gluc-ronidase always displayed the lowest activity. Comparison between the strains revealed that acid phosphatase activity was of the same magnitude in all 3 strains. Islet activities of acid amyloglucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase, however, were largest in NMRI, intermediate in CBA, and lowest in C-57. This activity pattern roughly correlated with the insulin secretory response to an intravenous injection of glucose, whereas insulin release induced by the cholinergic agonist carbachol was of similar magnitude in all strains.
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PMID:Pattern of islet lysosomal enzyme activities and insulin secretory response. 33 99

The reliability of enzyme histochemical semipermeable membrane techniques for the demonstration of acid hydrolases was investigated with a combined histochemical and biochemical study. In part 1 the histochemical findings were presented. In this communication the biochemical findings are reported and compared with the histochemical findings. In m. soleus, m. plantaris, m. gastrocnemius and diaphragm of vitamin E deficient rabbits the activity of the lysosomal acid hydrolases, cathepsin D, acid maltase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is significantly increased. This increase in activity of the investigated acid hydrolases was equal for muscles with an aerobic or an anaerobic metabolism. By means of statistical calculations the activity of the enzymes demonstrated with histochemical techniques was compared with the enzyme activity determined with biochemical techniques. From the results of this investigation it can be concluded that the histochemical semipermeable membrane techniques for the demonstration of activity of acid hydrolases are very reliable. Considering the fact that these techniques are also tissue-saving, they are therefore extremely suitable for the study of catabolic wasting processes in skeletal muscle tissues of patients with inherited or acquired muscular diseases.
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PMID:Evaluation of histochemical observations of activity of acid hydrolases obtained with semipermeable membrane techniques: a combined histochemical and biochemical investigation 2. The biochemical investigation and comparison with the histochemical observations. 35 51

The reliability of enzyme histochemical observations of activities of acid hydrolases was investigated with a combined histochemical and biochemical study. Specimens of m. soleus, m. plantaris, m. gastrocnemius and diaphragm of normal and of vitamin E deficient rabbits were used. For the histochemical investigation, activity and localization of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, leucine aminopeptidase and E600 resistant non-specific arylesterase were examined with semipermeable membrane techniques. For the biochemical investigation, activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, acid maltase and neutral maltase was determined. By means of stastical calculations the enzyme activities demonstrated with histochemical techniques were compared with the enzyme activities determined with biochemical techniques. In the present communication the histochemical findings are reported and discussed. From the histochemical findings it appeared that activity of the acid hydrolases investigated is strongly increased in both a granular and a diffuse pattern in skeletal muscle of vitamin E deficient rabbits. The statistical calculations of the histochemical findings clearly reveal that the increased activity of one acid hydrolase was highly significantly paralleled by an increased activity of a second acid hydrolase. Moreover the probability that the activity of all other histochemically studied acid hydrolases was significantly increased was rather high. The increase in activity of the acid hydrolases studied was the same in muscles with an aerobic or an anaerobic metabolism. Moreover there was no difference in activity and localization of the acid hydrolases in aerobic type I and anaerobic type II fibres. The localization of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity muscle fibres mostly coincided. In cases where these enzymes were localized both centrally and in the subsarcolemnal areas of the muscle fibres, the activity of E600 resistant naphtholesterase was usually, and the activity of leucine aminopeptidase was exclusively located in the subsarcolemnal areas. All of the examined acid hydrolases were found to be present in the inflammatory exudate and in the connective tissue.
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PMID:Evaluation of histochemical observations of activity of acid hydrolases obtained with semipermeable membrane techniques: a combined histochemical and biochemical investigation 1. The histochemical investigation. 35 53

The activity of cathepsin B was assayed in murine resident peritoneal macrophages, and after stimulation of the cells in vivo and in vitro. The resident cells showed a very low activity of the enzyme, compared to the activities of three other lysosomal enzymes: cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase which were tested simultaneously. Endocytosis of carrageenan, latex, or carbon particles in vitro induced a prominent rise in intracellular cathepsin B activity. Addition of endotoxin from Escherichia coli in vivo or in vitro, or cell wall products from streptococci in vitro caused no change in cathepsin B activity. There was a release of enzyme activity to the medium after a 72-hour culture of macrophages. However, the release, calculated as a percentage of total activity, was not influenced by any treatments mentioned. All significant rises in enzyme activity could be inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide, and it was concluded that increased enzyme activity was dependent on new protein synthesis.
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PMID:Cathepsin B activity in stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. 38 72

Morphology, lysosomal enzyme activities, and phagocytosis via immunological receptors were tested in peritoneal macrophages from germfree and conventional mice. Nonstimulated macrophages from germfree mice showed less spreading and were more easily detached when seeded on glass than conventional macrophages. The activities of the lysosomal acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were similar in the two cell groups, whereas beta-glucuronidase showed higher activity in macrophages from germfree mice. F(c) receptor-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes was equally effective in germfree and conventional macrophages, and both cell types attached but did not internalize erythrocytes via the C(3)b receptor. Intraperitoneal injections of mineral oil caused a significantly higher influx of macrophages in conventional mice than in germfree mice, whereas the influx of polymorphonuclear cells was enhanced in both animals. Stimulation in vivo with oil or Escherichia coli endotoxin increased cell size, spreading ability, membrane ruffling, and lysosomal enzyme activities in macrophages from both conventional and germfree mice. The Fc-mediated phagocytosis was not influenced by stimulation, whereas the capacity to internalize via C(3)b receptor was triggered in macrophages from conventional mice, but not in corresponding cells from germfree mice. Similar results were obtained after stimulation with endotoxin in vitro. Culture in fetal calf serum for 72 h caused intracellular rises in all three enzyme activities tested in macrophages from conventional mice, whereas only the activity of acid phosphatase was increased in macrophages from germfree mice. Stimulation with zymosan in vitro caused selective release of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages from both animal groups. We conclude that peritoneal macrophages from germfree mice share several properties with cells from conventional mice, however, unstimulated beta-glucuronidase activity was increased, whereas spreading on glass, chemotactic response, in vitro induction of lysosomal enzymes, and the capacity to internalize via the C(3)b receptor after stimulation were reduced or absent.
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PMID:Comparison of peritoneal macrophages from germfree and conventional mice. 39 29

Lymphoblasts from 61 untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) morphologic classification, were studied for cytochemical characteristics and membrane surface markers. Seventy-three % (eight of 11) of patients with E-rosette positive lymphoblasts (T ALL) had strong focal paranuclear acid phosphatase (AcP) activity in more than 75% of their lymphoblasts; lymphoblasts from only 6% (three of 48) (p = 0.005) of patients with E-rosette negative, surface immunoglobulin negative lymphoblasts (non-T, non-B ALL) exhibited this characteristic AcP activity. The non-T, non-B ALL cases that manifested focal paranuclear AcP activity had clinical features more characteristic of the T ALL cases. The distribution of beta-glucuronidase activity in the lymphoblast cytoplasm was similar to that of AcP for T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but the stain was generally more difficult to interpret THan the AcP and was a less reliable indicator of immunologic type of ALL. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and nonspecific esterase stains were not useful in distinguishing between T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but PAS negativity was associated with certain clinical features within the non-T, non-B ALL group. Cytochemical evaluation of the lymphoblasts at diagnosis in patients with ALL may be useful in identifying subsets of ALL that have distinct immunologic and clinical characteristics and important therapeutic and prognostic implications.
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PMID:Cycochemical profiles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 39


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