Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of zonal centrifugation to the analysis of homogenates of cardiac and skeletal muscle permits selection of fractions that are enriched in markers for lysosomes, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The method of disruption of normal and pathological tissue alters significantly the distribution of total protein and peaks of enzymatic activity on the gradient. Total activities of cathepsin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and para-nitrophenylphosphatase are distributed at different concentrations of sucrose on the gradient. Beta-Glucuronidase appears to "mark" the sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as lysosomes, of skeletal muscle, para-Nitrophenylphosphatase, a common marker of acid phosphatase of lysosomes, is enriched in those fractions of cardiac muscle containing the highest specific activity of ouabain-inhibited Na-K-ATPase. Thus, these two enzymes appear to have a localization in at least two separate organelles. On the other hand, these results may indicate the isolation of several "populations" of lysosomes that are associated constantly with distribution peaks of other organelles. In any event, attempts to correlate changes in structure of organelles of normal and pathological specimens of tissue with functional impairment, e.g., Ca2+ uptake, activity of Na-K-ATPase, etc., must include consideration of dual localization of enzymatic markers or cross contamination by populations of other organelles.
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PMID:Lysosomes of cardiac and skeletal muscle: resolution by zonal centrifugation. 17 16

Twenty-six scirrhous carcinomas of the breast were divided into three histological grades of malignancy; low (Grade I), intermediate (Grade II), and high (Grade III), and the correlation of the grades with histochemical and electron microscopic findings in both tumor cells and host tissues was examined. The tumor cells contained increased amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. This increase was most marked in Grade I and II tumors and the increase was consistent with lysosome-like fine structures. Both intracytoplasmic lumina and microvilli against stroma were characteristic findings of carcinoma cells and they were mostly found in Grade I and II tumors. Segments of intact basal laminae and myoepithelial cells were also found in Grade I and II carcinomas. The stroma contained moderately increased amounts of intracellular acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, independent of tumor grade. The stroma also contained a large amount of acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance, irrespective of the three grades. There was a striking difference in the ultrastructural organization of the stroma between normal and neoplastic tissues. Although fragmented elastic fibers and increased amount of acid mucopolysaccharide granules, and macrophages rich in phagolysosomes were prominent fine structures of the stroma of carcinomas, there was no apparent difference in them among the three grades of malignancy.
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PMID:Histological grading, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of scirrhous carcinoma of the breast. 17 63

The brain area of female rats three months of age was exposed to 2 krd of X-rays, and various biochemical parameters were retermined as well as NAD(H) in vivo fluorescence of the brain surface after time intervals from one day to 18 months. During the early period, an increase in the uptake of alpha-aminobutyrate (AIB) and a temporary depression in beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin activity followed by an activation at one month was seen. Somewhat later, acid phosphatase increases. During the intermediate period, DNA and serotonin content and AIB uptake by brain increase, whereas AIB uptake by heart and muscle decreases. A fall in sialic acid content is also noted at this time. During the late phase collagen increases, AIB uptake by brain and liver decreases. No changes were found with respect to NAD(H) fluorescence and its response to breathing of low oxygen concentrations.
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PMID:Late effects in the central nervous system. A study of biochemical alterations after local exposure of the rat brain to 2 krd. 18 Jun 35

Antishock effect of N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) Was investigated in rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma and compared with effects of hydrocortisone and Trasylol. Results obtained are as follows. 1)Hydrocortisone and Trasylol administered 1 hr before initiating drumming improved the survival rate from traumatic shock with concomitant reducton of levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in circulating blood. DBcAMP administered i.p. immediately after trauma also improved the survival rate to the same extent as did Traylol or hydrocortisone, while no inhibitory effects were observed on acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. 2)The rectal temperature fell significantly after suffering trauma, and the rats with greater fall in rectal temperature had poorer chance for survival. The fall in rectal temperature was considerably prevented by DBcAMP in a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g body weight (b.w.). 3)DBcAMP induced a rise in plasma insulin level (IRI) and insulin/glucose ratio (I/G) in shock rats, and the elevation in blood lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) and excess lactate otherwise observed after trauma were satisfactorily prevented by DBcAMP administration. It is concluded that the antichock effects of DBcAMP primarily resulted from improvements of the intracellular metabolism induced by its easy passage through the cell membrane and its cAMP like action, while any preventive action was not observed against elevation of lysosomal enzymes in the circulating blood.
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PMID:Experimental study of dibutyryl cyclic AMP: its antishock effects observed in traumatic shock rats. 18 67

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid (Flurbiprofen, FP-70) was studied by various analysis in comparison with other drugs. It was found in the test of rat edema induced by various phlogists that carrageenin and yeast-induced edemas were markedly inhibited by FP-70, whereas dextran, formalin, serotonin and bradykinin-induced edemas were scarcely inhibited by FP-70. The action of FP-70 was similar to that of soy bean trypsin inhibitor. However, FP-70 showed no effects on kinin synthetase and kininase. FP-70 showed a marked inhibition on prostaglandin synthesis. The inhibitory effect of FP-70 was 10.1, 96.5 and 2280.6 times as large as indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid, respectively. FP-70 did not inhibit the permeability of dye induced by prostaglandin E2 in the rat skin. FP-70 inhibited the acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities of isolated lysosome of rat liver and also suppressed the release of acid phosphatase from the lysosome. These effects were similar to those of indomethacin. On the other hand, FP-70 suppressed markedly the heat-induced hemolysis of dog erythrocytes. The effect was similar to that of indomethacin and was 10 times stronger than those of ibuprofen, ibufenac and phenylbutazone. Activation of rat liver mitochondrial ATPase by FP-70 at a concentration of 10 muM was 74.7%, while indomethacin showed 37.8% activation at the same concentration. FP-70 as well as ibuprofen and phenylbutazone uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. From the above and previously reported results, it is suggested that the potent anti-inflammatory action of FP-70 is the result of the following effects; inhibition on the protein and leucocyte migration, inhibition on the prostaglandin synthesis, stabilization of the cell membrane and activation of ATPase.
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PMID:[Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid (flurbiprofen)]. 18 38

1. The elution profiles of eleven acid hydrolases from human liver and plasma were directly compared using a system whereby a single salt gradient was simultaneously applied to two DEAE-cellulose chromatographic columns. 2. Plasma alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes were eluted at higher salt concentrations than the corresponding liver isoenzymes whereasbeta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase isoenzymes were eluted at lower salt concentrations. The elution profiles of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase weremore complex. 3. After incubation with neuraminidase most plasma hydrolases were eluted at lower salt concentrations, however the elution patterns of beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase and acid phosphatase were not altered. 4. Preincubation with neuraminidase had no effect on the elution profiles of six liver hydrolases whereas the major isoenzymes of alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase were eluted at markedly lower salt concentrations. Liver alpha-fucosidase and alpha-galactosidase were eluted at slightly lower salt concentrations afterincubation with neuraminidase. 5. The results are discussed in relation to thepathogenesis of Mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease), and the synthesis and packaging of lysosomal enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of neuraminidase on the chromatographic behaviour of eleven acid hydrolases from human liver and plasma. 19 Dec 58

Using cytochemical methods the authors studied the activity of certain lysosomal enzymes and cytochrome oxidase in peripheral blood leucoytes in 22 patients with Wilson's disease. The control group comprised 50 healthy blood donors. It was found that the activity of acid phosphatase in the lymphocytes of patients was higher than in controls, the mean indices being respectively 90.50 +/- 8.95 and 60.38 +/- 3.95. The activity of beta-glucuronidase was found to be lower in the lymphocytes of patients, the mean value was 25.10 +/- 8.59 in patients and 64.91 +/- 5.78 in controls. The activity of cytochrome oxidase was lower in the granulocytes of patients with Wilson's disease than in controls, the mean values being 54.5 +/- 12.14 and 156 +/- 15.41 respectively. The activity of acid phosphatase in granulocytes as well as that of non-specific esterase in lymphocytes was similar in both groups. Decreased antigen degradation in Wilson's disease may be due not only to liver cirrhosis but also to disturbances in the metabolism of white blood cells, including, among others, decreased activity of cytochrome oxidase. The rise of the activity of acid phosphatase and reduced activity of beta-glucuronidase indicate chronic antigenic stimulation of lymphoid system.
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PMID:[Cytochemical studies of peripheral white blood cells in Wilson's disease]. 19 62

The mechanism of laryngotracheitis virus-induced dissolution of chick nasal turbinate cartilage was studied by lysosomal enzyme histochemistry. Five-day-old chicks were infected by intranasal instillation, and changes in lysosomal enzyme distribution were followed at daily intervals through the tissue regeneration stage, Day 28. In the mucosa the lysosomes were activated beginning on Day 1, and glycerol acid phosphatase and a diffuse form of beta-glucuronidase were released concomitant with tissue cell destruction. In the chondrocytes (where glycerol acid phosphatase was absent), beginning on Day 2, particulate (lysosomal) beta-glucuronidase decreased as diffuse beta-glucuronidase increased and extended out into the matrix. The cartilage lost its metachromatic staining properties and became soft and pliable. Regeneration of the mucosa started on Day 6 and gradual reappearance of metachromatic staining of the cartilage began on Day 8 with considerable recovery of original turbinate structure by Day 12. A lysosomal membrane labilizer, vitamin A, exacerbated the cartilage pathology, whereas a stabilizer, cortisone, retarded it.
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PMID:Virus-induced lysosomal enzyme dissolution of nasal turbinate cartilage. 19 85

The effect of cavity preparation, calcium hydroxide and a corticosteroid on pulpal enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, cytochrome oxidase and succinate, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in monkey teeth has been studied by histochemical means. Cavity preparation with an air turbine and sufficient spray apparently did not affect the enzyme activity of the pulp, nor did application of a corticosteroid to the cavity floor. Twenty-four hours after calcium hydroxide application an increase in enzyme activity was found in the ondontoblastic and subodontoblastic cell layers subjacent to the calcium hydroxide-covered dentin. This activity seemed to demonstrate an onset of dentin formation, and 15 days after the application a slight amount of secondary dentin was found subjacent to the cavities in these teeth.
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PMID:Enzyme activity in the pulp following preparation of cavities and insertion of medicaments in cavities in monkey teeth. 20 38


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