Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At least two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes (ACS) are implicated in the submergence response of rice (Oryza sativa). Previously, the OS-ACS5 gene has been shown to be induced during short- as well as long-term complete submergence of seedlings and to be controlled by a balance of gibberellin and abscisic acid in both lowland and deepwater rice. This study demonstrates that OS-ACS5 mRNA is localized in specific tissues and cells both during normal development and in response to complete submergence. The temporal and spatial regulation of OS-ACS5 expression is presented by in situ hybridization and histochemical analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic rice carrying an OS-ACS5-gus fusion. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that in air-grown rice seedlings, OS-ACS5 was expressed at a low level in the shoot apex, meristems, leaf, and adventitious root primordia, and in vascular tissues of nonelongated stems and leaf sheaths. In response to complete submergence, the expression in vascular bundles of young stems and leaf sheaths was strongly induced. The results of histochemical GUS assays were consistent with those found by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our findings suggest that OS-ACS5 plays a role in vegetative growth of rice under normal conditions and is also recruited for enhanced growth upon complete submergence. The possible implication of OS-ACS5 in root-shoot communication during submergence stress and its putative role in aerenchyma formation upon low-oxygen stress are discussed.
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PMID:Tissue localization of a submergence-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase in rice. 1201 39

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine ACS polypeptides that form eight functional (ACS2, ACS4-9, and ACS11) homodimers and one nonfunctional (ACS1) homodimer. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines were constructed expressing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter genes from the promoter of each of the gene family members to determine their patterns of expression during plant development. All genes, except ACS9, are expressed in 5-d-old etiolated or light-grown seedlings yielding distinct patterns of GUS staining. ACS9 expression is detected later in development. Unique and overlapping expression patterns were detected for all the family members in various organs of adult plants. ACS11 is uniquely expressed in the trichomes of sepals and ACS1 in the replum. Overlapping expression was observed in hypocotyl, roots, various parts of the flower (sepals, pedicle, style, etc.) and in the stigmatic and abscission zones of the silique. Exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) enhances the constitutive expression of ACS2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 in the root. Wounding of hypocotyl tissue inhibits the constitutive expression of ACS1 and ACS5 and induces the expression of ACS2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Inducers of ethylene production such as cold, heat, anaerobiosis, and Li(+) ions enhance or suppress the expression of various members of the gene family in the root of light-grown seedlings. Examination of GUS expression in transverse sections of cotyledons reveals that all ACS genes, except ACS9, are expressed in the epidermis cell layer, guard cells, and vascular tissue. Similar analysis with root tip tissue treated with IAA reveals unique and overlapping expression patterns in the various cell types of the lateral root cap, cell division, and cell expansion zones. IAA inducibility is gene-specific and cell type-dependent across the root tip zone. This limited comparative exploration of ACS gene family expression reveals constitutive spatial and temporal expression patterns of all gene family members throughout the growth period examined. The unique and overlapping gene activity pattern detected reveals a combinatorial code of spatio-temporal coexpression among the various gene family members during plant development. This raises the prospect that functional ACS heterodimers may be formed in planta.
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PMID:Unique and overlapping expression patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family members. 1546 21