Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A substantial production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was induced in primary cultures of rat Kupffer cells by zymosan, calcium ionophore A23187, phorbol ester and arachidonic acid, whereas contact with latex particles, glucan or immunocomplexes led to a minor PGE2 release only. Superoxide generation, on the other hand, was observed after administration of zymosan, glucan and the phorbol ester but not after treatment with the calcium ionophore, arachidonate, latex particles or immunocomplexes. Lysosomal enzymes like beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were detected in the medium of rat Kupffer cells in primary culture after contact with zymosan or calcium ionophore A23187. Other particulate matter, e.g., latex particles, glucan and immunocomplexes, lipopolysaccharides or soluble agents such as phorbol ester, arachidonic acid and gamma-interferon did not provoke the release of lysosomal enzymes. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase found following prolonged exposure to zymosan or to A23187 were accompanied by the appearance of typical cytosolic enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in similar proportions and with the same time course. The release of lysosomal enzymes seen after administration of zymosan or calcium ionophore is thought to be the result of unspecific leakage rather than a specific response of elicited Kupffer cells.
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PMID:Release of lysosomal enzymes is not correlated with superoxide and prostaglandin production by stimulated rat Kupffer cells in primary culture. 284 90

Treatment of human cultured T cells by interferon (IFN), which enhances cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against human K562 cell targets (NK-like activity) induces an activation of cell hydrolases. Treatment of mouse cultured L929 cells by IFN and double strand RNA enhancing cell autolysis induces first an activation of tested hydrolases (hexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases). Polyenzymatic activation of hydrolases induced by IFN is similar to coordinate enzymatic induction described by Hosli which occurs by lack of specific enzyme when non-digestible substrates are absorbed by cells. It is hypothesized that the polyenzymatic activation which accounts for cell lysis is a general defense mechanism which might also explain other actions related to IFN such as antiviral effect, inhibition of cell division, diminution of protein synthesis and cell surface alteration.
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PMID:Polyenzymatic activation of cellular hydrolases induced by interferon; its role in cell lysis and other interferon--related phenomena. 616 78

The degradation of 32P-labelled E. coli and the activity of three lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase, in mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) were tested after cultivation of the cells for 24 or 48 hours with 10(1) - 10(4.7) U per ml of a homologous beta-interferon preparation (IFN-beta). Low to moderate concentrations of IFN-beta did not influence bacterial degradation in MPM. However, a reduction in bacterial degradation by 20 per cent or more was seen when the MPM were pre-treated with 10(4.7) U per ml for 24 hours or 10(3) U per ml of IFN-beta for 48 hours. Cultivation of the MPM with 10(2) U per ml of IFN-beta suppressed the activities of the lysosomal enzymes, provided that the cells were treated for 48 hours. The beta--glucuronidase activity was significantly reduced also after 24 hours. Increased release of beta-glucuronidase from MPM to the medium during cultivation with 10(2) U per ml of IFN-beta was also observed. Specific anti-IFN-beta globulin abolished the suppression by IFN-beta on the lysosomal enzyme activities. A human IFN-alpha preparation did not influence bacterial degradation or lysosomal enzyme activities in MPM.
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PMID:Effect of a homologous beta-interferon preparation on degradation of Escherichia coli and on lysosomal enzyme activities in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 617 90

Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages by gamma (type II, immune) interferon depressed the ingestion of non-opsonized Escherichia coli mediated by the non specific receptor, and also the intracellular degradation of the ingested bacteria. These effects were time and dose-dependent, and sensitive for trypsin and pH 2 treatment. The intracellular concentration of three lysozomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin D, was elevated in gamma interferon-treated macrophages.
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PMID:Effect of gamma interferon preparations on in vitro phagocytosis and degradation of Escherichia coli by mouse peritoneal macrophages. 618 84

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to the generation of macrophage functional diversity. Exposure of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages to beta-1,3-glucan, a particulate inflammatory stimulus, or polyinosinate-polycytidylate (poly[I:C]), a stimulus of macrophage cytocidal activation, induced distinct and stimulus-specific patterns of gene expression. These changes were characterized by an up-regulation of the expression of the acid hydrolase beta-glucuronidase and platelet-derived growth factor B following incubation with beta-1,3-glucan and a stimulation of the expression of the complement component Bf, beta-interferon, and the reactive nitrogen intermediates NO2/NO3 during incubation with poly[I:C]. The induction of Bf expression by poly[I:C] could not be explained on the basis of distinct subpopulations of cells since in situ hybridization with a mouse Bf cRNA probe revealed a uniform and substantial increase in Bf expression by the entire population of cells. Incubation of macrophages with beta-1,3-glucan before stimulation with poly[I:C] was found to strongly attenuate the expression of Bf and beta-interferon. Conversely, incubation with poly[I:C] prior to exposure to beta-1,3-glucan substantially blocked the stimulation of beta-glucuronidase and platelet-derived growth factor B expression, indicating that these two responses were expressed in a mutually antagonistic fashion. However, after removal of either stimulus and following a period in which the primary response was allowed to decay, the cells regained their capacity to subsequently respond to either the same stimulus or to a different stimulus. Collectively, these findings indicate, first, that the heterogeneity of gene expression seen in response to poly[I:C] represents an adaptive response of the entire macrophage population rather than the restricted responses of distinct subpopulations of cells. Second, macrophages respond to these stimuli in a sequential fashion. These findings thus have a significant bearing on our understanding of the regulation of macrophage heterogeneity in host defense.
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PMID:Development of functional diversity in mouse macrophages. Mutual exclusion of two phenotypic states. 834 4

The modifying effects of auraptene isolated from the peel of citrus fruit (Citrus natsudaidai Hayata) on macrophage and lymphocyte functions were investigated in mice. Female BALB/c mice were gavaged with auraptene at a dose of 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg once a day for 10 consecutive days. Glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05-0.001) in auraptene-treated mice at all doses at 24, 48 and 72 h incubation except for mice given 200 mg/kg auraptene at 24 h incubation. Activity of acid phosphatase in peritoneal macrophages was significantly increased in mice treated with auraptene at a dose level of 100 mg/kg (P < 0.001). Activity of beta-glucuronidase in peritoneal macrophages in the auraptene-treated mice at all doses was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in lactate dehydrogenase activity of peritoneal macrophages at any dose. Interleukin (IL)-1beta production of peritoneal macrophages in the auraptene-treated mice at all doses was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05-0.001). Tumor necrosis factor alpha production of peritoneal macrophages in mice gavaged with auraptene at a dose of 200 mg/kg was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Auraptene did not affect proliferation of spontaneous splenic lymphocytes in mice at any dose. Stimulation indices in mice given auraptene at a dose of 200 mg/kg were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). When spleenic lymphocytes were cultured without concanavalin A (Con A), IL-2 and interferon (IFN) gamma productions were not detectable in the supernatant. However, IL-2 and IFN production stimulated by Con A were significantly increased in mice gavaged with auraptene at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg (P 0.05-0.001). Auraptene did not enhance spontaneous IL-4 production by splenocytes. There was no significant difference in IL-4 production of splenic lymphocytes stimulated by Con A in all groups. These findings might suggest that oral administration of citrus auraptene effectively enhanced macrophage and lymphocyte functions in mice.
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PMID:Immunomodulatory action of citrus auraptene on macrophage functions and cytokine production of lymphocytes in female BALB/c mice. 1042 94

Previous studies on a murine model have demonstrated that the administration of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus casei inhibits the development of fibrosarcoma and colon carcinoma, respectively. The aim of this work was to study the beneficial effects of the consumption of milk fermented by L. helveticus on a murine model for mammary carcinoma. Female BALB/c mice were challenged by a single subcutaneous injection of tumoral cells (American Type Culture Collection 4T1) in the left mammary gland. Prior to tumour injection, mice were fed for two, five or seven consecutive days with fermented milk. The following factors were monitored for 2 months: rate of tumour development, histological studies, apoptosis, phagocytic index, peritoneal macrophages, determination of beta-glucuronidase enzyme in peritoneal macrophages, determination of gamma-interferon (INFgamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in blood serum, determination of CD4+, CD8+, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, TNF-alpha and INFgamma by immunoperoxidase, and measurement of beta-glucuronidase activity in intestinal fluid. The administration of L. helveticus delayed the development of the tumour in all cases, a 2- or 7-day feeding period being most effective. This work demonstrates that milk fermented with L. helveticus decreases the growth rate of mammary tumours. The effect was mediated by increased apoptosis and decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6, implicated in oestrogen synthesis.
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PMID:Effect of milk fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus R389(+) proteolytic strain on the immune system and on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice. 1683 Dec 11

The aim of this study is to monitor type I interferon (IFN) activation in the cervical mucosa of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-infected and uninfected women attending a routine gynaecologic clinic. The expression of three IFN-induced genes (MxA coding for human Mixovirus resistance protein A, ISG15 Interferon Stimulated Gene coding for a 15 kDa ubiquitin-like protein and UBP43 coding for the ISG15 isopeptidase) was determined as the mRNA copy number in cervical cells, normalized to the mRNA ones of the beta-glucuronidase gene. Type-specific HPV-DNA load was concurrently determined in the HPV-positive samples. Out of 127 samples tested, 54 were sufficient for both DNA and RNA extraction. The type-specific HPV-DNA copy numbers in the 34 HPV-positive samples varied widely. No significant association was found between copy numbers of MxA, ISG15, UBP43 and HPV status or viral load. However, despite a marked inter-individual variability, ISG15 expression was significantly higher when low-risk HPV infections were compared with HPV-negative samples, while high-risk HPV infections had very low ISG15 levels. The lack of ISG15 activation in high-risk HPV-infected cervical cells could be due to the lack of p53-mediated induction or to HPV-directed specific inhibition of type I IFN pathways. This study approach might be of value in clarifying the role of type I IFN activation in determining the clearance or persistence of HPV infections.
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PMID:Interferon-induced gene expression in cervical mucosa during human papillomavirus infection. 2149 5