Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as precursors of the peripheral metabolite androstanediol glucuronide (3 alpha diol G) in plasma from normal men was studied. An apparent steady state of both putative precursors and the steroid glucuronides were attained by 8-h constant iv infusions of 3H-labeled steroid after a loading dose. The unconjugated steroids and the steroid glucuronides (after beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis) with 14C indicator were purified by serial microcolumn and paper chromatography steps previously reported to achieve radiochemical purity. The specific activities of 3 alpha diol and 3 alpha diol G in plasma were widely different in each subject, confirming our earlier suggestion that the two peripheral metabolites are formed in different pools. The conversion ratios (CRPre-Prod BB) varied widely. The CRT-3 alpha diol G was generally less than 5%, while the CRDHT-3 alpha diol G was 10 times higher. These results are compatible with the expected model, T----DHT----3 alpha diol G. In some of the studies, T glucuronide (TG) and DHT glucuronide (DHTG) were isolated after T infusions, and DHTG was isolated after DHT infusion. The major conversion product of blood T was DHTG, not TG, and the major conversion product of DHT was 3 alpha diol G. This suggests that metabolism proceeds through a steroid reduction step and glucuronidation. The peripheral pathway to 3 alpha diol G may involve formation of DHTG and then 3 alpha-reduction to 3 alpha diol G. This may also explain why blood levels of unconjugated 3 alpha diol have not been helpful in elucidating disorders of androgen formation, as this androgen mostly arises from sites different from 3 alpha diol G.
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PMID:Origin of plasma androstanediol glucuronide in men. 674 59

In higher plants, a cis-acting element, DRE/CRT, is involved in gene expression responsive to drought and low-temperature stress. To understand signal transduction pathways from the cold stress signal to gene expression, we characterized a gene family for DRE/CRT-binding proteins DREB1A and CBF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. DREB1A and CBF1 were shown to be involved in low-temperature-responsive gene expression. We screened an Arabidopsis genomic DNA library with the cDNA fragment of DREB1A as a probe and isolated DREB1A and 2 related genes, DREB1B (= CBF1) and DREB1C. These were arrayed in the order B, A, C in an 8.7 kb region of Arabidopsis chromosome 4. Northern blot analysis using gene-specific probes showed that the 3 DREB1 genes are induced mainly by cold stress but not by osmotic stress in leaves, roots, and stems. Several conserved sequences were found in the promoter regions of all 3 genes. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the DREB1 promoters was induced at transcriptional level by low temperature in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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PMID:An Arabidopsis gene family encoding DRE/CRT binding proteins involved in low-temperature-responsive gene expression. 973 50

In plants, a cis-acting element, DRE/CRT, is involved in ABA-independent gene expression in response to dehydration and low-temperature stress. To understand signal transduction pathways from perception of the dehydration stress signal to gene expression, we characterized a gene family for DRE/CRT-binding proteins DREB2A and DREB2B in Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern analysis showed that both genes are induced by dehydration and high-salt stress. Organ-specific northern analysis with gene-specific probes showed that these genes are strongly induced in roots by high-salt stress and in stems and roots by dehydration stress. The DREB2A gene is located on chromosome 5, and DREB2B on chromosome 3. We screened an Arabidopsis genomic DNA library with cDNA fragments of DREB2A and DREB2B as probes, and isolated DNA fragments that contained 5'-flanking regions of these genes. Sequence analysis showed that both genes are interrupted by a single intron at identical positions in their leader sequence. Several conserved sequences were found in the promoter regions of both genes. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the DREB2 promoters was induced by dehydration and high-salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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PMID:Organization and expression of two Arabidopsis DREB2 genes encoding DRE-binding proteins involved in dehydration- and high-salinity-responsive gene expression. 1080 11

Cold stress on plants induces changes in the transcription of cold response genes. A cDNA clone encoding C2H2-type zinc finger protein, SCOF-1, was isolated from soybean. The transcription of SCOF-1 is specifically induced by low temperature and abscisic acid (ABA) but not by dehydration or high salinity. Constitutive overexpression of SCOF-1 induced cold-regulated (COR) gene expression and enhanced cold tolerance of non-acclimated transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. SCOF-1 localized to the nucleus but did not bind directly to either C-repeat/dehydration (CRT/DRE) or ABA responsive element (ABRE), cis-acting DNA regulatory elements present in COR gene promoters. However, SCOF-1 greatly enhanced the DNA binding activity of SGBF-1, a soybean G-box binding bZIP transcription factor, to ABRE in vitro. SCOF-1 also interacted with SGBF-1 in a yeast two-hybrid system. The SGBF-1 transactivated the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the ABRE element in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts. Furthermore, the SCOF-1 enhanced ABRE-dependent gene expression mediated by SGBF-1. These results suggest that SCOF-1 may function as a positive regulator of COR gene expression mediated by ABRE via protein-protein interaction, which in turn enhances cold tolerance of plants.
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PMID:A novel cold-inducible zinc finger protein from soybean, SCOF-1, enhances cold tolerance in transgenic plants. 1120 17