Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polar solvents induce terminal differentiation in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The present studies describe the functional changes that accompany the morphologic progression from promyelocytes to bands and poly-morphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) over 9 d of culture in 1.3 percent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). As the HL-60 cells mature, the rate of O(2-) production increase 18-fold, with a progressive shortening of the lag time required for activation. Hexosemonophosphate shunt activity rises concomitantly. Ingestin of paraffin oil droplets opsonized with complement or Ig increases 10-fold over 9 d in DMSO. Latex ingestion per cell by each morphologic type does not change significantly, but total latex ingestion by groups of cells increases with the rise in the proportion of mature cells with greater ingestion capacities. Degranulation, as measured by release of beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and peroxidase, reaches maximum after 3-6 d in DMSO, then declines. HL-60 cells contain no detectable lactoferrin, suggesting that their secondary granules are absent or defective. However, they kill staphylococci by day 6 in DMSO. Morphologically immature cells (days 1-3 in DMSO) are capable of O(2-) generation, hexosemonophosphate shunt activity, ingestion, degranulation, and bacterial killing. Maximal performance of each function by cells incubated in DMSO for longer periods of time is 50-100 percent that of normal PMN. DMSO- induced differentiation of HL-60 cells is a promising model for myeloid development.
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PMID:Functional changes in human leukemic cell line HL-60. A model for myeloid differentiation. 22 36

We studied the effect of hematopoietic growth factors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], granulocyte [G]-CSF, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, and macrophage [M]-CSF) on differentiation and functional activity of human eosinophilic HL-60 cells (Eos-HL-60) and compared them with effects on parental HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Purified biosynthetic GM-CSF and IL-5 enhanced cell proliferation and induced eosinophilic differentiation in the eosinophilic subline in both liquid and agar cultures. IL-3 and IL-6 stimulated cell proliferation but had no effect on cell differentiation, whereas IL-1 and G-CSF affected neither differentiation nor proliferation of Eos-HL-60 cells under the conditions tested. GM-CSF-, IL-3-, and IL-5-treated Eos-HL-60 cells showed increased O2- production in response to phorbol esters (PMA), enhanced phagocytosis of Candida albicans, and release of the enzymes arylsulfatase, beta-glucuronidase and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). The degranulation of eosinophils induced by GM-CSF, IL-5, and IL-3 may have relevance to the potential clinical toxicity of these hematopoietins, which also stimulate eosinophilopoiesis. G-CSF had no effect on enzyme release, oxidative metabolism, or phagocytic capacity of Eos-HL-60 cells. IL-5 did not affect proliferation, differentiation, or enzyme release in promyelocytic HL-60 cells. These results indicate the specificity of IL-5 for the eosinophil lineage, confirm the effects of GM-CSF and IL-3 on eosinophilopoiesis and mature eosinophil function in a model system, and indicate the absence of G-CSF and IL-1 stimulation of eosinophils. The Eos-HL-60 line is a useful model for studying human eosinophil responses to cytokines.
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PMID:Differentiation and functional activity of human eosinophilic cells from an eosinophil HL-60 subline: response to recombinant hematopoietic growth factors. 137 88

After exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cells of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Within 24 h the cells adhere to the surface of the culture flask and increase production of nonspecific esterases. The intracellular concentration of the serine proteases increases two- to threefold within 4 days and continues to increase as the cells develop into mature macrophages. The acid hydrolases, lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, were secreted by the differentiated cells. Both the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of these enzymes continued to increase as the cells matured. The fully differentiated cells readily phagocytized opsonized yeast cells. Phagocytosis had little effect on the secretion of acid hydrolases, while intracellular proteases increased significantly. The fully differentiated HL-60 cells resembled normal macrophages regarding all parameters studied. Viability of the differentiated cells exceeded 50% when cultured for 30 days. Therefore, these cells should prove to be a useful tool for the study of macrophage function with respect to microorganisms that are resistant to destruction by phagocytic cells.
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PMID:Long-term culturing of TPA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells results in increased levels of lytic enzymes. 267 May 94

The biosynthesis of myeloperoxidase in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells was studied by pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation methods and separation of subcellular organelles using Percoll density gradient fractionation. These studies revealed that in control and monensin (1 microM) treated cells, more than 85% of the total immunoprecipitable radiolabeled myeloperoxidase was present predominantly in precursor form (Mr 91,000) and resided in lower density compartments after an initial 3-h labeling period. Using biochemical and ultrastructural techniques, the lower density regions of the gradient were found to contain elements of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Following a 16-h chase period, about 70% of the radiolabeled myeloperoxidase in untreated cells was found predominantly in denser regions of the gradient and was present mainly in the form of the mature large subunit (Mr 63,000). These dense regions were shown to contain azurophilic granules by means of the distribution of beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase activities and by electron microscopy. Processing of myeloperoxidase and its deposition into dense granules were blocked by monensin treatment. Following a 16-h chase period in the presence of monensin, approximately 80% of the radiolabeled myeloperoxidase continued to reside in lower density compartments and was predominantly in precursor (Mr 91,000) and intermediate (Mr 81,000 and 74,000) forms. Only about 10% of the radiolabeled myeloperoxidase was associated with dense azurophilic granules. Monensin treatment produced large, Golgi-derived vacuoles which were isolated using Percoll density centrifugation and identified by electron microscopy. These vacuoles were found to be essentially devoid of peroxidase activity and pulse-labeled, newly synthesized radiolabeled myeloperoxidase species. The effects of monensin on transport and processing were reversible after a 3-h exposure and 16-h chase period in the absence of monensin. Taken together, these data indicate that maturation of myeloperoxidase is closely linked to its deposition into dense azurophilic granules via a monensin-sensitive process(es). The lower density compartments within which immature myeloperoxidase species accumulate in the presence of monensin appear to be functionally related to or associated with Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum structures distinct from the large monensin-induced vacuoles.
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PMID:Biochemical and ultrastructural effects of monensin on the processing, intracellular transport, and packaging of myeloperoxidase into low and high density compartments of human leukemia (HL-60) cells. 282 13