Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inclusion of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1-S(Adh 1-S) intron 1 in the transcription unit of maize gene constructs has been shown to increase gene expression in cultured maize cells. We have extended these studies with Adh1-S intron 1 using the firefly luciferase, Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes adjoined to different plant promoters and find enhancement of transient gene expression in all cases but one. We also show that the enhancement phenomenon can be mediated by the third intron of the maize actin gene. In all cases tested, the inclusion of an intron results in increased levels of steady-state RNA. The degree of enhancement depends on the exon sequences flanking the intron; flanking exons also influence the efficiency of intron splicing. Unexpectedly, unspliced RNAs accumulate during the transient assay.
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PMID:Intron enhancement of gene expression and the splicing efficiency of introns in maize cells. 200 94

Bacterial beta-glucuronidase (GUS) has been described as a useful reporter enzyme for gene fusion studies in bacteria and plants. Here we report the expression of GUS in yeast to illustrate further applications of this enzyme as a quantitative tool for measuring gene activity, as a colour selection marker and as a versatile system for protein targeting studies. There is no intrinsic GUS activity in any yeast strain tested. GUS was expressed in transgenic yeast on a multiple-copy vector under the control of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) promoter. The enzyme is stable in yeast and its activity may be monitored by very sensitive colorimetric or fluorometric methods in extracts, or by the histochemical reagent 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylglucuronide (X-Gluc) on plates. To test the efficacy of GUS as a reporter for targeting proteins into different subcellular compartments in vivo, we fused the presequence of the mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase gene (MSW) to the amino terminus of GUS. The activity of the fusion protein is not substantially impaired and it is imported efficiently into yeast mitochondria.
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PMID:Application of the beta-glucuronidase gene fusion system to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 218 24

To define the regions of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) promoter that confer tissue-specific expression, a series of 5' promoter deletions and substitution mutations were linked to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase A (uidA) reporter gene and introduced into rice plants. A region between -140 and -99 not only conferred anaerobically inducible expression in the roots of transgenic plants but was also required for expression in the root cap, embryo, and in endosperm under aerobic conditions. GC-rich (GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3) or GT-rich (GT-1 and GT-2) sequence motifs in this region were necessary for expression in these tissues, as they were in anaerobic expression. Expression in the root cap under aerobic conditions required all the GC- and GT-rich motifs. The GT-1, GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3 motifs, and to a lesser extent the GT-2 motif, were also required for anaerobic responsiveness in rice roots. All elements except the GC-3 motif were needed for endosperm-specific expression. The GC-2 motif and perhaps the GT-1 motif appeared to be the only elements required for high-level expression in the embryos of rice seeds. Promoter regions important for shoot-, embryo-, and pollen-specific expression were proximal to -99, and nucleotides required for shoot-specific expression occurred between positions -72 and -43. Pollen-specific expression required a sequence element outside the promoter region, between +54 and +106 of the untranslated leader, as well as a silencer element in the promoter between -72 and -43.
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PMID:Promoter elements required for developmental expression of the maize Adh1 gene in transgenic rice. 806 18