Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distributions of the hydrolases acid and alkaline phosphatase (AP and ALP), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gluc), beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), non-specific esterase (UE), dipeptidylpeptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV), aminopeptidases M and A (APM and APA), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were investigated in the human, pig and Lewis rat normal anterior segment by histochemical methods. The distribution of the above hydrolases, particularly that of proteases, varied between ocular tissues and between the three species. Lysosomal hydrolases together with GGT and ALP were consistently active in the corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium in all three species; the corneal distribution and activity of beta-Gal, APM, APA and DPPIV, however, displayed interspecies variation. The angular tissues showed similarities for most hydrolases with the exceptions of beta-Gal, UE, APM, APA and DPPIV. In all eyes examined strong ciliary epithelial activity for AP, beta-Gal, UE, GGT and ALP was observed in the pars plicata; only the pig eye also displayed strong DPPIV activity in this area. Regional differences in hydrolase distribution in the iris were observed in all species. A post-mortem freezing delay of longer than 24 h resulted in a decrease in hydrolase activity.
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PMID:Hydrolases of anterior segment tissues in the normal human, pig and rat eye: a comparative study. 818 69

The distributions of the lysosomal enzymes [acid phosphatase (AP), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gluc), beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), dipeptidylpeptidase II (DPP II)] and of the membrane-bound proteases [aminopeptidase M (APM), aminopeptidase A (APA), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV)] were investigated in the normal human adult and foetal anterior segment by histochemical methods. The distribution of these hydrolases varied between ocular tissues. The most active enzymes in the adult corneal epithelium and endothelium were AP, beta-Gluc, NAG, beta-Gal and GGT; in the keratocytes, APM, APA, beta-Gluc and GGT predominated. The adult trabecular meshwork cells were stained by AP, beta-Gluc, NAG, APM, GGT, DPP II and DPP IV. The enzymes AP, beta-Gluc, APM and APA, however, displayed greater activity in the endothelium of Schlemm's canal. The adult ciliary epithelium stained strongly for all lysosomal hydrolases; GGT was the most active protease here. Differences in enzyme activity were noted in some tissues when foetal and adult anterior segments were compared. There appeared to be a decrease in the activity of some enzymes with age and post-mortem delay greater than 24 h. The function(s) of each enzyme and their possible roles in the respective tissues are discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical survey of the anterior segment of the normal human foetal and adult eye. 822 58

To learn the reasons for the high incidence of biliary carcinoma in patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct (APBD) mutagenicity of the bile of APBD-modeled dogs that had received a dorsal pancreatico-cholecystostomy was assayed by the Ames Salmonella mutation test. The bile from two out of 18 APBD dogs was mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 under the condition of metabolic activation by rat liver S9 fraction, while the bile from 17 normal dogs was not mutagenic. Furthermore, the bile from five APBD dogs i.p. administered 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which is a typical environmental mutagen, was more mutagenic for strain TA98 than that from 1-NP-treated normal dogs. The bile from the APBD dogs had very high amylase activity, indicating that the bile contained pancreatic juice as a result of the pancreatico-cholecystostomy. When pancreatic juice from a normal dog was added to the bile from 1-NP-treated normal dogs, mutagenicity of the bile increased 1.6- to 2.0-fold. Furthermore, sulfatase increased the mutagenic activity of the bile in the presence of the pancreatic juice. HPLC revealed that the bile from a 1-NP-treated APBD dog contained mutagenic 1-nitro-6/8-hydroxypyrene and 1-nitro-3-hydroxypyrene, while bile from a 1-NP-treated normal dog did not contain these deconjugated products. The pancreatic juice from a normal dog had very high gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminopeptidase activities and low sulfatase activity, but it had no beta-glucuronidase activity. In addition, the bacteria that easily infect the biliary duct of APBD dogs, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, had high beta-glucuronidase activity. In particular, Klebsiella showed a very high sulfatase activity. These results suggest that pancreatic juice enzymes and bacteria infecting the biliary duct deconjugate the detoxified mutagens in the bile and induce mutagenicity of the bile from APBD dogs or APBD patients.
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PMID:Mutagenicity of the bile of dogs with an experimental model of an anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct. 847 41

To elucidate the effects of the intestinal microflora on absorption and activation of glutathione conjugates of 4,5-epoxy-4,5-dihydro-1-nitropyrene (1-NP 4,5-oxide) and 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydro-1-nitropyrene (1-NP 9,10-oxide), we investigated the biological activities of the microflora in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice and SPF mice treated with various antibiotics and established the methodology of antibiotic treatment to eliminate the intestinal microflora. Mice were given various kinds of antibiotics by intragastric gavage twice a day for five days. A mixture of antibiotics bacitracin (BC), neomycin (NM) and streptomycin (SM) was the most effective in reducing the various activities of the intestinal microflora. The treatment decreased the bacterial counts and the activities of enzymes of the intestinal contents cysteine conjugate beta-lyase (beta-lyase), beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase which were derived from the intestinal microflora, but did not affect the activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase and aminopeptidase which were derived from host tissue cells. Furthermore, the treatment did not affect absorption of glucose from the intestinal tract, body weight or liver enzyme activities. The treatment with only an aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin or NM, decreased neither the number of anaerobes in the intestine nor the beta-lyase or nitroreductase activities from the intestinal contents. Glutathione conjugates of [3H]-1-NP oxides were administered to two groups of ICR mice that had been treated with antibiotics (BC, NM, SM) or saline (control group) orally. The radioactivity in the blood increased and reached the maximum level 2 or 3 h after administration of the conjugates in the control group; however, that in the antibiotic-treated group was only slightly increased if at all. Excretion of [3H]-labeled metabolites into the urine was approximately 20% of the total dose in the control group, but it was < 2% in the antibiotic-treated group during 48 h. After 48 h, DNA in the lower intestinal mucosa was extracted and the DNA adducts were analyzed by the 32P-postlabeling method. Three new DNA adducts were detected in the lower intestinal mucosa of the control group but not of the antibiotic-treated group. These results suggest that the intestinal microflora plays an important role in absorption of the metabolites of glutathione conjugates of 1-NP oxides from the intestinal tract and activation of the metabolites in the intestine.
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PMID:Biological activities of the intestinal microflora in mice treated with antibiotics or untreated and the effects of the microflora on absorption and metabolic activation of orally administered glutathione conjugates of K-region epoxides of 1-nitropyrene. 850 79

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of changes in the enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant daily dosage (drug score) to variations in urinary D-glucaric acid excretion and gamma-glutamyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase serum activities. These biochemical determinations were carried out before and after a mean period of 5.0 years in 16 adult epileptic patients (8 men and 8 women) treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin and/or carbamazepine and with a good therapeutic compliance. A significant correlation between D-glucaric acid excretion and drug score was obtained (r=0.508, p<0.001). When the interindividual variation was diminished by assessing the changes of these variables in the same subjects, the correlation was better (r=0.836, p<0.001). However, a statistical significance was not attained between the gamma-glutamyltransferase or beta-glucuronidase and drug score changes. Therefore the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid appears to be more sensitive to changes in anticonvulsant drug score than serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase.
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PMID:Relationship between changes in drug score, D-glucaric acid excretion, and gamma-glutamyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase serum activities during anticonvulsant treatment. 1214 76

The effect of amphotericin B application on urinary renal tubule enzyme excretion was investigated in rats treated with amphotericin B (1.5 mg kg-1 b.i.d., i.v.) for 4 days. Application of amphotericin B induced a significant higher daily urinary enzyme activity of the renal tubular enzymes N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (GRS), alanine-aminopeptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in comparison with controls and sodium deoxycholate treated animals as well. A significant increase in the renal excretion of NAG, GRS, AAP and GGT occurred after the first day of amphotericin B treatment and continued until the fourth day. Following treatment for 4 days with amphotericin B urine AAP activity amounted to 69 +/- 19 U g-1 creatinine, control: 39 +/- 7 U g-1 creatinine (P < 0.05). After 4 days GGT excretion increased to 803 +/- 238 U g-1 creatinine, control: 445 +/- 106 U g-1 creatinine (P < 0.05). At the fourth day NAG excretion was 80 +/- 39 U g-1 creatinine, control: 23 +/- 5 U g-1 creatinine (P < 0.05) and GRS 724 +/- 604 U g-1 creatinine (amphotericin B), control: 276 +/- 158 U g-1 creatinine (P < 0.05). Treatment with amphotericin B decreased the creatinine clearance significantly: 0.94 +/- 0.16 ml-1 min-1 vs. control 1.35 +/- 0.29 ml-1min-1 (P < 0.05). Fractional sodium and potassium excretion was not influenced by amphotericin B. The application of sodium deoxycholate had no influence on urinary renal tubular enzyme activity. The results show that amphotericin B application induces early enzymuria of renal tubule enzymes suggesting damage of proximal renal tubules.
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PMID:Enzymuria following amphotericin B application in the rat. 1280 57


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