Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant increase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) was observed when PMN was treated with rat C5ades Arg (r-C5ai), FMLP, opsozined zymosan (STZ) or a calcium ionophore A23487 separately. These stimuli, as well as aggregated IgG (A-IgG), could also cause the release of beta-glucuronidase (beta-g) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) from PMN, on the other hand, elastase (NE) release was not noticed when PMN was treated with r-C5ai and FMLP, which generally stimulated PMN in a cytochalasin B-dependent manner. These results suggest that the kinetics of PMN CL and degranulation vary depending upon the stimulus.
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PMID:[Stimulated chemiluminescence and degranulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: possible involvement in the mechanisms of tissue damage during inflammation]. 165 81

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-deficient neutrophils (PMN) released considerably more beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and vitamin B12-binding activities, when exposed to opsonized zymosan (STZ), than the normal counterpart. Release of the soluble enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was not appreciably changed over the incubation time with particles in either cell type. MPO-deficient PMN and normal PMN ingested STZ particles at a similar rate at early times, but thereafter phagocytosis by MPO-deficient PMN was significantly higher than that by normal PMN. The difference in degranulation between the two cell types greatly exceeded the difference in ingestion and was evident already at early phagocytosis times when no difference in phagocytosis was observed; this suggested that the higher degranulation in MPO-deficient PMN was at least in part independent of the increased ingestion. This was confirmed by experiments with the soluble stimulant N-formyl-L-norleucyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (FNLLP). MPO-deficient PMN and normal PMN exhibited a comparable respiratory burst when exposed to FNLLP plus cytochalasin B, but the defective cells released more azurophilic and specific granule markers than normal PMN. These results indicate that MPO-deficient PMN degranulate more than normal PMN and suggest a role for MPO in the regulation of degranulation.
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PMID:Increased degranulation of human myeloperoxidase-deficient polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 298 89

Basophilic granulocytes were purified from the blood of normal individuals by successive isopyknic centrifugation and elutriation centrifugation. Starting with the leukocyte-rich fraction of 500 ml of blood, we recovered 31 to 80% (mean 51%, n = 20) of the basophils in 45 to 87% purity (mean 69%, n = 23). The contaminating cells were mainly lymphocytes. The basophils were greater than 98% vital (exclusion of ethidium bromide and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate). The histamine content of the basophils was 1.1 to 2 pg/cell (mean 1.6 pg/cell, n = 22). With anti-IgE, 30 to 50% of the histamine was released; with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) or the calcium ionophore A23187, 70 to 100% of the histamine was released. Serum-opsonized zymosan (STZ) did not induce histamine release. Reactions with monoclonal antibodies revealed that the basophils expressed the C3bi receptor (CR3) and the leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA1), but not the gp 150,95 antigen, the C3b receptor (CR1), or the low avidity Fc gamma receptor. Basophils carry class I but not class II HLA antigens. During incubation of the basophils with serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, these bacteria were neither phagocytized nor killed. STZ, PMA, A23187, or anti-IgE did not initiate an "oxidative burst" in the basophils. This was tested with oxygen consumption, cytochrome c reduction, NBT reduction, chemiluminescence, and release of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, we did not detect cytochrome b558, superoxide dismutase, catalase, or peroxidase in the basophils. Of the typical granule-associated enzymes lysozyme, Vitamin B12-binding protein, and beta-glucuronidase, only beta-glucuronidase was present in the basophils in detectable amounts. This enzyme was released, together with histamine, on incubation of the cells with PMA, A23187, or anti-IgE, but not with STZ. We conclude that basophils from normal human blood are not phagocytes and are probably not involved in the oxidative defense of the host against foreign antigens.
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PMID:Metabolic comparison between basophils and other leukocytes from human blood. 300 19

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) exposed to particulate and soluble stimuli secrete lysosomal enzymes. These stimuli cause prompt (less than 10 sec) changes in membrane potential followed 30--45 sec later by superoxide anion (O-2.) production. We describe a new technique utilizing flow dialysis apparatus which monitors the first stages of lysosomal enzyme release with a resolution of approximately 6 sec. Secretion of beta-glucuronidase from cytochalasin B-treated PMN could be detected 19+/-5 sec after exposure to the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). The "lag" times for release of this enzyme were different for other stimuli: 35+/-8 sec (BSA/anti-BSA immune complex); 48+/-8 sec (serum-treated zymosan, "STZ"); 60+/-25 sec (calcium ionophore A23187). The lag times for lysozyme release were less dependent upon the stimulus presented (28+/-16 sec for FMLP, 28+/-8 sec fo BSA/anti-BSA, 32+/-10 sec for STZ, and 38+/-8 seconds for Con A); only A23187 had a long lag period: 74+/-27 sec. Lag periods for the onset of O-2. production (measured by the same mathematical criteria) were comparable to those for beta-glucuronidase release: 21+/-4 sec for FMLP, 43+/-14 sec for BSA/anti-BSA, 62+/-7 sec for Con A, and 50+/-13 sec for A23187. Changes in FMLP dose up to 100-fold affected the magnitudes of O-2. generation and beta-glucuronidase release, but did not alter the time required for the onset of these processes. A variety of agents, such as corticosteroids, colchicine, 2-deoxyglucose, and N-ethyl maleimide, also affected the magnitudes of the responses, but not the lag periods when FMLP was used as the stimulus. When BSA/anti-BSA immune complex was used as the stimulus, 2-deoxyglucose and N-ethyl maleimide increased the lag period for superoxide anion generation, but not for lysosomal enzyme release. This new flow dialysis technique has permitted us to demonstrate the O-2. production and lysosomal enzyme secretion are concurrent but dissociable processes which are subsequent to earlier responses of the granulocyte-to-ligand-receptor interactions as reflected by changes in membrane potential.
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PMID:Initial kinetics of lysosomal enzyme secretion and superoxide anion generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 624 64

ZPT2-related proteins that have two canonical Cys-2/His-2-type zinc-finger motifs in their molecules are members of a family of plant transcription factors. To characterize the role of this type of protein, we analyzed the function of Arabidopsis L. Heynh. genes encoding four different ZPT2-related proteins (AZF1, AZF2, AZF3, and STZ). Gel-shift analysis showed that the AZFs and STZ bind to A(G/C)T repeats within an EP2 sequence, known as a target sequence of some petunia (Petunia hybrida) ZPT2 proteins. Transient expression analysis using synthetic green fluorescent protein fusion genes indicated that the AZFs and STZ are preferentially localized to the nucleus. These four ZPT2-related proteins were shown to act as transcriptional repressors that down-regulate the transactivation activity of other transcription factors. RNA gel-blot analysis showed that expression of AZF2 and STZ was strongly induced by dehydration, high-salt and cold stresses, and abscisic acid treatment. Histochemical analysis of beta-glucuronidase activities driven by the AZF2 or STZ promoters revealed that both genes are induced in leaves rather than roots of rosette plants by the stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing STZ showed growth retardation and tolerance to drought stress. These results suggest that AZF2 and STZ function as transcriptional repressors to increase stress tolerance following growth retardation.
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PMID:Arabidopsis Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins function as transcription repressors under drought, cold, and high-salinity stress conditions. 1533 55