Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 5'-untranslated leader sequences of several plant RNA viruses, and a portion of the 5'-leader of an animal retrovirus, were tested for their ability to enhance expression of contiguous open reading frames for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) or beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, Escherichia coli and oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Translation of capped or uncapped transcripts was substantially enhanced in almost all systems by the leader sequence of either the U1 or SPS strain of TMV. All leader sequences, except that of TYMV, stimulated expression of 5'-capped GUS mRNA with the native prokaryotic initiation codon context, in electroporated protoplasts. Only the TMV leaders enhanced translation of uncapped GUS mRNAs in protoplasts and increased expression of uncapped CAT mRNA in microinjected X. laevis oocytes. In oocytes, the TYMV leader sequence was inhibitory. In transformed E. coli, the TMV-U1 leader enhanced expression of both the native and eukaryotic context forms of GUS mRNA about 7.5-fold, despite the absence of a Shine-Dalgarno region in any of the transcripts. The absolute levels of GUS activity were all about 6-fold higher with mRNAs containing the native initiation codon context. In E. coli, the leaders of AlMV RNA4 and TYMV were moderately stimulatory whereas those of BMV RNA3, RSV and the SPS strain of TMV enhanced GUS expression by only 2- to 3-fold.
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PMID:A comparison of eukaryotic viral 5'-leader sequences as enhancers of mRNA expression in vivo. 282 17

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase gene (AtIpk2beta) is known to participate in inositol phosphate metabolism. However, little is known about its physiological functions in higher plants. Here, we report that AtIpk2beta regulates Arabidopsis axillary shoot branching. By overexpressing AtIpk2beta in the wild type and mutants, we found that overexpression of AtIpk2beta leads to more axillary shoot branches. Further analysis of AtIpk2beta overexpression lines showed that axillary meristem forms earlier and the bud outgrowth rate is also accelerated, resulting in more axillary shoot branches. The AtIpk2beta promoter/beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion (AtIpk2betaGUS) expression pattern is similar to that of the auxin reporter DR5GUS. Moreover, AtIpk2beta can be induced in response to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments. In addition, AtIpk2beta overexpression plants exhibit IAA-related phenotypes and are more resistant to exogenous IAA treatments. Further analysis employing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction shows that some genes, including auxin-biosynthesis (CYP83B1), auxin-transport (PIN4), and auxin-mediated branching genes (MAX4 and SPS), are regulated by AtIpk2beta. Taken together, our data provide insights into a role for AtIpk2beta in axillary shoot branching through the auxin signaling pathway.
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PMID:Arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase (AtIpk2beta) is involved in axillary shoot branching via auxin signaling. 1743 84