Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The specificity and sensitivity of the assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid were evaluated to determine the usefulness of this test for the detection of neoplastic meningitis. The enzyme activity was first measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 131 patients with various disorders and was then prospectively measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 30 patients with cytologic results that were positive for or suggestive of malignant disease. Within the first group, elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase were found only among patients with neoplastic processes in the central nervous system, including neoplastic meningitis. Among 26 patients with neoplastic processes in the central nervous system, including neoplastic meningitis. Among 26 patients with positive cytologic results, 13 had elevated beta-glucuronidase activities. Elevated values were more frequent among patients with adenocarcinoma (75%) and myelogenous leukemia (60%). The patients with these two disorders also had the highest enzyme activities. The correlation of th beta-glucuronidase level with other cerebrospinal fluid values, including total protein, glucose content, and cell count, was not significant. The findings of this study indicate that measurement of beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic test for neoplastic meningitis. The results should be interpreted with caution, however, because of the possibility that the elevated enzyme levels may be due to acute or subacute bacterial or fungal meningitis.
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PMID:Assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid: usefulness for the detection of neoplastic meningitis. 399 Mar 76

The control of differentiation by tumor-promoting phorbol diesters including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was investigated using cells from human myeloid leukemia lines and sublines that were blocked at different stages of maturation. The myeloid leukemia cells that were blocked at the myeloblast-promyelocyte stage of maturation (KG-1, HL-60, and ML-3) had a prominent response when cultured with TPA. The cells became adherent, developed pseudopodia, displayed macrophage characteristics by light microscopy, developed nonspecific acid esterase activity, phagocytized yeast, slightly reduced nitro blue tetrazolium, displayed Fc-immunoglobulin G receptors, and killed bacteria. Lysozyme secretion and enzyme activity for beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase increased 2- to 20-fold concomitant with macrophage differentiation. The myeloid leukemia cells that were blocked at the undifferentiated myeloid blast stage of maturation (KG-1a and K562) were completely resistant to TPA-induced macrophage differentiation. We examined ten macrophage functions in the myeloid cell lines and sublines after exposure to phorbol diesters. The leukemic lines blocked at the myeloblast-promyelocyte stage of maturation expressed almost all the macrophage-specific functions. Phorbol diesters probably induced differentiation through a common cellular mechanism because the macrophage-differentiated events could not be dissociated. In sharp contrast, the early myeloid blast cells (KG-1a and K562) were incapable of acquiring any of the macrophage-specific functions after exposure to phorbol diesters. The KG-1a variant, in particular, should provide a good model to help elucidate the regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of macrophage functions during exposure to phorbol diesters.
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PMID:Phorbol ester effect on differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cell lines blocked at different stages of maturation. 693 77

Crude extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) has cytotoxic effect on human myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60). We invesigated which compound from the crude extract is responsible for the cytotoxic effect on HL-60 cells. We identified 29 compounds from the crude extract using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Two of the compounds, baicalin and wogonoside, are converted to baicalein and wogonin, respectively, after treatment with beta-glucuronidase. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability when cells with either wogonin or aqueous extract of S. baicalensis. Several of the apoptotic features including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation and increased caspase-3 activity were found in cells treated with wogonin and aqueous extract. The changes were associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2, and not Bax. Furthermore, treatment of HL-60 cells with wogonin or S. baicalensis led to the inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), human telomerase-associated protein 1 (hTP1) and c-myc messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) expression. Wogonin and S. baicaleisis down-regulated the telomerase activity. Our findings suggest that wogonin may be the major compound in S. baicalensis responsible for HL-60 growth inhibition in vitro. The inhibition of HL-60 cell growth is mediated partly through the induction of Bax/Bcl-2 apoptosis and by telomerase inhibition through suppression of c-myc, which is a promoter of hTERT.
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PMID:Wogonin, an active compound in Scutellaria baicalensis, induces apoptosis and reduces telomerase activity in the HL-60 leukemia cells. 1957 45