Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the cytoenzymatic investigations of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with hyperthyroidism there was found the increase of acid phosphatase activity, beta-glucuronidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and catalase moreover there was found the decrease of the activity of alkaline phosphatase. After a two-week treatment with thiamazole (methimazole++) 50 mg in 24-hour dose there was observed the decrease of acid phosphatase activity in neutrophils. During incubation of plasma containing leucocytes, from healthy persons, with L-thyroxine there was observed the increase of the activity for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. In patients with hyperthyroidism there appear many changes of enzymic equipment of neutrophils which are concerned with lysosomal and connected with cell membrane enzymes. The results of cytochemical investigations after application of thiamazole and no difference, with exception of catalase, between patients with Graves-Basedow disease and with toxic goitre and the results of investigations in vitro with L-thyroxin point out, that there is the possibility of connection between the observed changes in the range of enzymic equipment of neutrophils and the hormonal state of the investigated group of patients.
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PMID:[Cytochemical properties of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with hyperthyroidism]. 148 61

The effects of thyroidectomy and of thyroid hormone administration on the hepatic transport of endogenous bilirubin were investigated in the Wistar R/APfd rat. Hypothyroidism resulted in an enhanced hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity and in a decreased p-nitrophenol transferase activity. It caused a cholestatic condition with a 50% decrease in bile flow and bile salt excretion, and an increased proportion of conjugated bilirubin in serum. The biliary output of unconjugated and monoconjugated bilirubins decreased in parallel by about 65%, whereas the excretion rate of the diconjugate dropped by only 47%, resulting in an increased di- to monoconjugate ratio in bile. Hyperthyroidism was characterized by a decreased bilirubin and an increased p-nitrophenol transferase activity, and by an augmented bilirubin output in bile. The output of unconjugated and monoconjugated bilirubins increased in parallel by about 50 or 100%, whereas the excretion of the diconjugate increased by only 20 to 50%, depending on the dose of thyroxine administered; this resulted in a decreased di- to monoconjugate ratio in bile. A linear positive relationship was found between bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity and the ratio of bilirubin di- to monoconjugates present in bile or formed by in vitro incubation of liver homogenates at low concentration of bilirubin (10 to 15 microM), indicating that bile pigment composition is mainly determined by the conjugation activity in the liver. The inverse relationship observed between hepatic beta-glucuronidase activity and the ratio of di- to monoconjugates in bile warrants further investigation to analyze whether this enzyme activity also plays a possible role in the changes in bile pigment composition in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones and the hepatic handling of bilirubin. I. Effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the hepatic transport of bilirubin mono- and diconjugates in the Wistar rat. 253 51

A sensitive and specific RIA has been developed to measure thyronine (To) in urine. The RIA used an anti-To antibody obtained from a rabbit immunized with a L-To-human serum albumin conjugate and [3H]To as the radioligand. The acetic acid analog of To (ToAc), that is the diphenyl structure with an acetic acid side-chain, cross-reacted strongly with the antibody. Relative to To, it cross-reacted 160% in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, and 100% in 0.075 mol/L barbital buffer, pH 8.6, containing sodium salicylate (final concentration, 8 mg/mL). The latter conditions were employed for the RIA, and the results reported thus reflect the presence of To and/or ToAc. 3-Monoiodothyronine, 3'-monoiodothyronine, 3',5'-diiodothyronine, and 3,5-diiodothyronine cross-reacted with the anti-To antibody 1.9%, 1.7%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively; the cross-reactivity of other To derivatives and tyrosine and its derivatives was less than 0.05%. Urinary To and/or ToAc excretion in 12 normal subjects averaged 16 +/- 2 (+/- SE) micrograms/day (59 +/- 9 nmol/day) or 14 +/- 2 micrograms/g creatinine (5.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/mmol creatinine). Treatment of urine from normal subjects with beta-glucuronidase or sulfatase did not significantly alter the To content. Column and thin layer chromatographic studies revealed that 83% and 61%, respectively (range, 37-100%), of urinary To immunoreactivity was attributable to ToAc. The mean daily excretion of To in 20 patients with nonthyroidal illness [NTI; 22 +/- 4 micrograms/day (82 +/- 17 nmol/day)] was similar to that in normal subjects, but was elevated when expressed as nanomoles per mmol creatinine (20 +/- 2; P less than 0.001), because creatinine excretion was reduced in the NTI patients. The mean daily urinary To excretion in 13 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease was slightly elevated [29 +/- 6 micrograms/day (108 +/- 21 nmol/day); P less than 0.1], but was clearly elevated when expressed as nanomoles per mmol creatinine (37 +/- 8; P less than 0.001), again because creatinine excretion was reduced in these patients. The mean urinary To excretion was subnormal in 13 patients with hypothyroidism and was significantly (P less than 0.005) less than that in the NTI patients regardless of the manner in which the results were expressed. Analysis of pronase hydrolysates of thyroid glands obtained at autopsy from euthyroid patients suggested that the To content of the thyroid approximates only 1.2% that of T4, supporting the thesis that prior iodination of tyrosine is critical for the coupling process in the thyroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyronine and its acetic acid analog in urine. 341 Sep 34

In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods.
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PMID:[Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. 636 87

We have investigated the hypothesis that uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs) and beta-glucuronidase are jointly involved in a mechanism for the storage and mobilization of iodothyronine metabolites in liver, kidney, heart and brain. Specifically, we predicted UGT activities to decrease and increase respectively, and beta-glucuronidase activity to increase and decrease respectively in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. To this end we have studied the effects of thyroid status on the activities of different enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism in liver, kidney, heart and brain from adult rats with experimentally induced hypo- and hyperthyroidism. We used whole organ homogenates to determine the specific enzyme activities of phenol- and androsteron-UGT, beta-glucuronidase, as well as iodothyronine deiodinase types I and II. Deiodinase type I activities in liver and kidney were decreased in hypothyroid animals and, in liver only, increased in hyperthyroidism. Deiodinase type II activity was increased in hyperthyroid rat kidney only. Interestingly, in the heart, deiodinase type I-specific activity was increased fourfold, although the increase was not statistically significant. Cardiac deiodinase type I activity was detectable but not sensitive to thyroid status. Hepatic phenol-UGT as well as androsteron-UGT activities were decreased in hypothyroid rats, with specific androsteron-UGT activities two to three orders of magnitude lower than phenol-UGT activities. Both UGT isozymes were well above detection limits in heart, but appeared to be insensitive to thyroid status. In contrast, cardiac beta-glucuronidase activity decreased in hypothyroid tissue, whereas the activity of this enzyme in the other organs investigated did not change significantly. In summary, cardiac beta-glucuronidase, albeit in low levels, and hepatic phenol-UGT activities were responsive only to experimental hypothyroidism. Although a high basal activity of the pleiotropic beta-glucuronidase masking subtle activity changes in response to thyroid status cannot be ruled out, we conclude that hepatic, renal and cardiac UGT and beta-glucuronidase activities are not regulated reciprocally with thyroid status.
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PMID:Activities of UDP-glucuronyltransferase, beta-glucuronidase and deiodinase types I and II in hyper- and hypothyroid rats. 1517 87