Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acethyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and acid beta-galactosidase were investigated histochemically in rabbit corneas. Frozen sections after block fixation in cold 4% formaldehyde with 1% CaCl2 followed by washing in cold physiological saline as well as cold microtome sections of corneas quenched in petroleter chilled with acetone-dry ice mixture, transferred to nonprecooled slides or semipermeable membranes were used. Standard aqueous media were employed in the case of free-floating frozen sections of fixed corneas as well as of cold mictrotome sections (postfixed in cold 4% formaldehyde). Agar media were used in connection with the technic of semipermeable membranes. Gomori method (in the case of acid phosphatase), simultaneous azocoupling methods (substrates derivated of naphthol-AS-BI with hexazonium-p-rosanilin) in the case of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the indigogenic method in the case of acid beta-galactosidase were applied. Enzyme activities in sections of fixed corneas were minimal in comparison with those in cold microtome sections of unfixed material revealed particularly with the technic of semipermeable membranes which is to be preferred. This technic is recommended in studies concerned with lysosomal enzymes in the cornea, particularly in keratocytes. All enzymes investigated were present in corneal epithelium, keratocytes and endothelium. Acid phosphatase displayed the highest activity followed by beta-glucuronidase and acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The activity of beta-galactosidase was the lowest. For the demonstration of activities in keratocytes sections parallel to the surface are very suitable. In these sections enzyme activities were demonstrated in small granules (apparently lysosomes) present in the central part of their cytoplasm as well as in projections. Diffuse staining was also seen, being the highest in the case of acid phosphatase.
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PMID:Distribution of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in cornea of albino rabbit. 5 44

Zinc compounds have been shown to antagonize various types of gastric ulceration in rats. Zinc carnosine (Z-103), a newly developed agent was, therefore, examined for its antiulcer effect in stress-induced ulceration and also its membrane stabilizing action in rat stomachs. Cold-restraint (restrained at 4 degrees C for 2 h) stress induced severe hemorrhagic lesions together with increased mast cell degranulation and beta-glucuronidase release in the gastric glandular mucosa. Z-103 pretreatment with a single oral dose (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) reversed these actions in a dose-dependent manner. When the compound was incubated in concentrations of 10(-7, 10(-6), 10(-5) or 10(-4) M, with isolated hepatic lysosomes, it significantly reduced the spontaneous release of beta-glucuronidase in the medium. The present study not only demonstrates the antiulcer effect of Z-103 but also indicates that the protective action is likely to be mediated by its membrane-stabilizing action on mast cells and lysosomes in the gastric glandular mucosa.
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PMID:The membrane-stabilizing action of zinc carnosine (Z-103) in stress-induced gastric ulceration in rats. 194 72

The hepatic metabolism of 2-chlorodibenzofuran was investigated in the rat. When 2-chloro[14C]dibenzofuran was intravenously administered to bile duct-cannulated rats, about 90% of radioactivity was excreted in bile and urine within 6 hr, the bile being the preferential route. Another group of rats received oral administration of cold 2-chlorodibenzofuran and bile fluid was collected by surgical bile duct cannulation for qualitative analysis. Three hydroxylated metabolites were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography from the bile fluid after hydrolytic digestion with sulfatase and beta-glucuronidase and were identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometries to be 2-chloro-3,7-dihydroxydibenzofuran, 2-chloro-3-hydroxydibenzofuran and 2-chloro-7-hydroxydibenzofuran, respectively. Analyses of the radioactive bile fluid by thin layer chromatography revealed that there was no detectable amounts of unmetabolized 2-chlorodibenzofuran in the bile fluid and the hydroxylated metabolites were present not as aglycons but as conjugated substances. The results suggest that 2-chlorodibenzofuran is rapidly metabolized in the rat, and the 3 and/or 7 positions play an important role in the metabolism of 2-chlorodibenzofuran.
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PMID:Identification of metabolites of 2-chlorodibenzofuran in the rat. 199 13

Protective effect of aprotinin pretreatment was assessed by functional, biochemical and morphological preservation in four hour global ischemia followed by one hour reperfusion in dogs. Cardioplegia was induced by intermittent infusion of cold Mg-lidocaine solution. Aprotinin 10,000 KIU/kg was given in low dose group (8 dogs), and 20,000 KIU/kg in high dose group (6 dogs); one half was given before ischemia and another half during ischemia. Betamethasone, coenzyme Q and nifedipine were also given equally in both groups before ischemia. Results were as follows: 1. Four (50%) of low dose group and all of high dose group were successfully taken off CPB and survived for one hour reperfusion. 2. High dose group showed significantly higher blood pressure and LVSWI than low dose group after one hour reperfusion (p less than 0.05). 3. Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase showed the significantly lower activity in high dose group than in low dose group after one hour reperfusion (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the activities of serum beta-glucuronidase and MB-creatine kinase. 4. Myocardial tissues, excised after one hour reperfusion, contained significantly higher creatine phosphate in high dose group than in low dose group (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the contents of adenosine triphosphate, calcium and water. 5. Severely injured mitochondrion were significantly lesser in high dose group than in low dose group. All lysosomes showed mild swelling or enlargement, but those membranous structures were well-preserved in both groups. In conclusion, aprotinin pretreatment might be effective in myocardial protection against prolonged global ischemia, by inhibiting the "leak out" of lysosomal enzymes.
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PMID:[Improved myocardial protection by aprotinin pretreatment in prolonged global ischemia]. 248 66

The effects of zinc acexamate on stress and reserpine ulcers as well as on gastric mast cells degranulation and membrane stability were evaluated in the rat. Zinc acexamate (100 mg/kg) has demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cold-restraint stress and reserpine-induced ulcer in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of rats, prior to cold restraint stress, reduced gastric mast cell degranulation. Zinc acexamate (10(-4) M) inhibits Triton X-100 release of beta-glucuronidase in isolated hepatic lysosomes. These observations suggest that ulcer protective actions of zinc acexamate may be exerted in part through enhancing gastric mucosal resistance by stabilizing biological membrane integrity.
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PMID:Anti-ulcer and membrane stabilizing actions of zinc acexamate. 357 22

Urine from workers of a cold-rolling steel plant exposed to mineral oils were tested for the mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay, and for D-glucaric acid content as a measure of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. An occupationally unexposed group served as control. The biological monitoring phase followed an environmental phase carried out in the working environment that showed a substantially low mutagenic/carcinogenic risk for the exposed workers. Urine samples were collected before, during and after work. From the results it was observed that the urinary mutagenicity was detectable only with TA98 strain in the presence of enzymatic activation (+ S9 mix). Further addition of beta-glucuronidase did not give any enhanced mutagenic effects. There was a significant difference in urinary mutagenicity between the exposed and control workers. However, in both groups the highest mutagenicity data was found in smokers: both exposed smoking workers and smoking controls had significantly higher urine mutagenicity than the non-smoking exposed and control workers. The results suggested a synergistic effect of smoking with exposure to mineral oils: the mutagenicity of urine from exposed smokers was significantly higher than that of control smokers. There was no difference in urinary D-glucaric acid results between exposed and unexposed groups, however, smokers of both groups had a significant increase in D-glucaric acid excretion. The authors suggest that even for this workplace with its low mutagenic/carcinogenic risk, smoking could interact with the complex mixtures present in the environment, and thus modify urinary mutagenicity data.
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PMID:Mutagenicity studies and D-glucaric acid determination in urine of workers exposed to mineral oils. 390 25

Rat liver was fixed in formal-cacodylate-sucrose and frozen sections were incubated in a simultaneous-coupling medium containing naphthol AS-BI glucuronide as substrate and hexazonium pararosanilin as the diazo reagent. By light microscopy, the sections demonstrated beta-glucuronidase activity as red discrete granules in the pericanalicular cytoplasm and as a generalized cytoplasmic stain in the parenchymal cells. Brief treatment of sections in cold ethanol prior to incubation markedly enhanced the staining for the enzyme and made it possible to demonstrate sufficient amounts of the reaction product in sections embedded in epoxy resin following dehydration and propylene oxide treatment. Electron microscopy revealed that the reaction product was moderately electron opaque and deposited in greater amounts in the vacuolated dense bodies and occasionally in the dense bodies which did not show obvious vacuoles. In each dense body, the deposits occurred preferentially at the edge as well as in the area surrounding the vacuoles in the matrix. Control sections incubated in the presence of glucosaccharo-1:4-lactone were devoid of the reaction product. No deposits of the reaction product were found in the nucleus, mitochondria, or microbodies. The limitations of the present cytochemical technique for use in electron microscopy are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Combined cytochemical and electron microscopic demonstration of beta-glucuronidase activity in rat liver with the use of a simultaneous coupling azo dye technique. 417 May 45

1. [4-(14)C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male and female New Zealand White rabbits as a single injection or as a 45-60min infusion. 2. The method of administration of the steroid did not significantly affect the total excretion of radioactivity in bile and urine [83.8+/-10.8%(s.d.)]. 3. The mean ratio of metabolites in urine to those in bile was 0.97+/-0.23% (range 0.64-1.3). 4. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by beta-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, neutral metabolites extracted by ethyl acetate-ether were found mainly after hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase. 5. An approximately equal proportion of the dose was converted into substances not extractable from alkaline aqueous solution after hydrolysis.
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PMID:Steroid metabolism in the rabbit. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C] cortisone. 542 32

1. [4-(14)C]Oestradiol was administered to seven male, seven female and two castrated male cats as a single intravenous injection. Bile and urine were collected for 6h. 2. The radioactivity was excreted mainly in the bile of all animals (53-60%); only approx. 1% of the dose appeared in the urine. 3. Bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by beta-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid. There were significant differences (P<0.005) between the percentage of the dose present in the bile fractions hydrolysed by beta-glucuronidase (male, 9.0+/-1.7%; female, 18.6+/-1.45%) and by cold acid (male, 18.9+/-1.44%; female 12.1+/-1.02%). The excretion of radioactivity in these fractions by the castrated male cats was closer to that of female cats. 4. Approx. 20-27% of the dose could not be extracted from aqueous solution (pH10.5) by ethyl acetate-ether after hydrolysis.
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PMID:Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C] oestradiol. 542 33

1. [4-(14)C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male cats as a single injection or as a 45-60min. infusion. 2. After the single dose a total of 69.6-89.6% of the radioactivity was excreted in bile, and 0.5-7.1% in urine. After infusion total recovery in bile was 73.4-92.1%, and 1.2-1.7% in urine. 3. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by beta-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, most of the radioactivity was converted into substances not extractable from neutral aqueous solution by ethyl acetate-ether. 4. In bile, metabolites hydrolysable by beta-glucuronidase were found in only small proportions (3-4%) of the dose.
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PMID:Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]cortisone. 580 14


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