Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyst nematodes induce a metabolically highly active syncytial cell complex in host roots. The syncytia are symplastically isolated. Because they form a strong sink, assimilates must be imported via the apoplast, thus suggesting that specific membrane-bound sugar transport proteins are expressed and activated. To identify possible candidate genes, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing different reporter genes under the control of different promoters from Arabidopsis sugar transporter genes were infected with the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). With polymerase chain reaction, 13 additional sugar transporters were tested for their presence in the syncytia through the use of a syncytium-specific cDNA library. Analysis of the infected roots showed that the promoter of the sucrose (Suc) transporter AtSUC2 gene that codes for a companion cell-specific Suc transporter in noninfected plants was found to be expressed in syncytia. Its expression patterns in beta-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein plants were monitored. Syncytium-specific gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results support the idea that AtSUC2 mediates the transmembrane transfer of Suc. AtSUC2 is the first disaccharide carrier described to be activated by pathogens.
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PMID:The companion cell-specific Arabidopsis disaccharide carrier AtSUC2 is expressed in nematode-induced syncytia. 1252 15

Different lengths of the promoter of grape (Vitis vinifera) VvHT1 (Hexose Transporter 1) gene, which encodes a putative hexose transporter expressed during the ripening of grape, have been transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transformed with these constructs, VvHT1 promoters were clearly responsible for the sink organ preferential expression. The potential sugar effectors of VvHT1 promoter were studied in tobacco cv Bright-Yellow 2 cells transformed with chimeric constructs. Glucose (56 mM), sucrose (Suc; 58 mM), and the non-transported Suc isomer palatinose doubled the beta-glucuronidase activity conferred by the VvHT1 promoter, whereas fructose did not affect it. These effects were the strongest with the 2.4-kb promoter, which contains all putative sugar-responsive elements (activating and repressing), but they were also significant with the 0.3-kb promoter, which contains only activating sugar boxes. The induction of VvHT1 expression by both Suc and palatinose was confirmed in the homologous grape berry cell culture. The data provide the first example of a putative sugar transporter, which is induced by both glucose and Suc in higher plants. Although induction of VvHT1 expression by Suc does not require transport, the presence of glucosyl moiety is necessary for Suc sensing. These results provide new insights into sugar sensing and signaling in plants.
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PMID:Sugar-regulated expression of a putative hexose transport gene in grape. 1252 40